Scientia Silvae Sinicae ›› 2025, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (7): 220-230.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20250210
• Research papers • Previous Articles
Yupei Xu,Xuan Guo,Zuoyou Hu,Bingqian Ma,Jiaxin Guo,Yang Li,Qian Xiao,Tianxin Dong,Chengyang Xu*()
Received:
2025-04-16
Online:
2025-07-20
Published:
2025-07-25
Contact:
Chengyang Xu
E-mail:cyxu@bjfu.edu.cn
CLC Number:
Yupei Xu,Xuan Guo,Zuoyou Hu,Bingqian Ma,Jiaxin Guo,Yang Li,Qian Xiao,Tianxin Dong,Chengyang Xu. Effects of Stand Structure on Visually Morphological Quality of Beijing Urban Forests[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2025, 61(7): 220-230.
Table 1
Formulae and descriptions of individual visually morphological trait indicators"
视觉形态性状指标 Visually morphological trait indicators | 计算公式 Formula | 含义 Description |
偏冠度Crown asymmetry degree(CAD) | 树冠半径偏离树木中心线(以树干基部点为准的垂直线)的最大程度。The maximum deviation of the crown radius from the vertical axis of the stem, referenced at the stem base. | |
树冠圆满度Crown round degree(CRD) | 反映树木冠幅和树冠长度之间的比例关系。该值越小,树冠越窄;该值越大,树冠越倾向于扁平。This metric reflects the proportional relationship between crown width and crown length. A smaller value indicates a narrower crown, whereas a larger value suggests a flatter, more spread-out crown shape. | |
树冠伸展度Crown extension rate(CER) | 树冠直径与树高的协调程度。该值越大,表明树冠占有水平空间越多,侧方受挤压程度越小;该值越小,树冠水平方向生长受抑制越大,树冠越纤细。This metric quantifies the coordination between tree crown diameter and tree height. Higher values indicate greater horizontal space occupation by the crown and less lateral compression, whereas lower values suggest stronger suppression of horizontal crown expansion, resulting in a more slender crown form. |
Table 2
Formulae and descriptions for structural indicators of urban forest"
指标名称 Indicators | 计算公式 Model | 含义 Description | 文献 References |
Margalef 物种丰富度指数Margalef species richness index (SR) | S为样地的乔木物种数量,N为样地所有乔木个体总数。S is the number of arboreal tree species, N is the total number of individuals of all arboreal tree species in the plot.. | ||
Shannon-Wiener 多样性指数Shannon–Wiener diversity index (H) | Pi为样地第i个树种数量比例,S为样地的乔木物种数量。Pi is the number proportion of species i to all of arboreal trees in the plot, S is the total number of arboreal tree species in the plot. | ||
Pielou 均匀度指数Pielou’s evenness index (E) | S为样地的乔木物种数量,H为Shannon-Wiener 多样性指数。S is the number of arboreal tree species in the plot, H is the Shannon-Wiener diversity index. | ||
Berger-Parker优势度指数Berger–Parker dominance index (DBP) | Nmax为样地相对丰度最高的物种的丰度,NT为总丰度。Nmax is the abundance of the species with the highest relative abundance in the plot, NT is the total abundance. | ||
胸高断面积Basal area (G) | gi为样地第i株林木的胸高断面积(m2),N为样地所有乔木个体总数,A为样地面积(m2)。gi represents the cross area (m2) of the i tree at breast height in the plot,N is the total number of individuals of all arboreal tree species in the plot, A represents the area of the inventory plot (hm2). | ||
平均胸径Mean diameter at breast height ( | Di为样地第i棵树的胸径,N为样地所有乔木个体总数。Di is the DBH of the ith tree in the plot.,N is the total number of individuals of all arboreal tree species in the plot. | ||
平均树高Mean tree height ( | |||
胸径组成多样性Diameter class diversity (HDBH) | qj为样地j径阶树木与所有树木的数量个数比例,m为样地林分径阶数。将胸径按照2 cm间隔进行分级,HDBH主要反映城市森林中树木的水平空间异质性。qj is the number proportion of jth diameter class to all of trees in the plot. m is total number of diameter classes. We divided the diameter class by 2 cm interval. HDBH mainly reflects horizontal spatial heterogeneity of trees in urban forest. | ||
树高组成多样性Tree height diversity (HTH) | 按2 m间隔划分树木高度等级,rl为样地第l个高度等级林木数量比例,t为样地树高的等级数量。HTH主要反映森林中树木垂直结构的复杂性,体现了森林的垂直空间异质性。We divided the height class by 2 m interval. rl is the number proportion of lth height class to all of trees in the plot. t is total number of height classes in the plot. HTH mainly reflects vertical spatial heterogeneity of trees in urban forest. |
Table 3
Factor loading of factor analysis of stand physical structure and species composition"
指标类型 Indicator type | 指标名称 Indicator name | Axis1 | Axis2 | Axis3 |
林分物理结构指标 Stand physical structure indicators | 每公顷胸高断面积Basal area per hectare(G) | 0.601 | 0.624 | 0.130 |
平均树高Mean tree height( | 0.775 | 0.230 | 0.359 | |
平均胸径Mean diameter at breast height( | 0.923 | 0.096 | ?0.044 | |
胸径多样性Diameter class diversity(HDBH) | 0.119 | 0.921 | 0.235 | |
树高多样性Tree height diversity(HTH) | 0.105 | 0.224 | 0.952 | |
林分物种组成指标 Stand species composition indicators | Margalef物种丰富度Margalef species richness index(SR) | 0.906 | 0.134 | |
Shannon-Wiener多样性指数Shannon–Wiener diversity index(H) | 0.943 | 0.125 | ||
Pielou均匀度指数Pielou’s evenness index(E) | 0.794 | 0.317 | ||
Berger-Parker优势度指数Berger–Parker dominance index(DBP) | ?0.507 | 0.695 |
Table 4
Changes in structural indicators and visually morphological trait indicators of urban forest"
指标类型Type of indicators | 指标名称Indicator name | 平均值±标准差 Mean±SD | 数值范围 Range of values | 变异系数 Coefficient of variation(%) |
林分物理结构 Forest stand physical structure | 林分断面积Stand basil area(G) | 9.49±8.61 | 0.13~61 | 90.80 |
平均树高Mean tree height( | 9.79±3.72 | 1.7~21.07 | 37.94 | |
平均胸径Mean diameter at breast height( | 24.9±11.11 | 8.02~81.8 | 44.62 | |
树高多样性指数Tree height diversity(HTH) | 1.09±0.48 | 0~2.09 | 44.24 | |
胸径多样性指数Diameter class diversity(HDBH) | 1.77±0.55 | 0~2.61 | 31.15 | |
物种组成结构 Species composition structure | Margalef丰富度Margalef species richness(SR) | 0.86±0.77 | 0~4.97 | 89.69 |
Shannon-Wiener指数Shannon–Wiener index(H) | 0.81±0.57 | 0~2.75 | 70.96 | |
Pielou均匀度Pielou’s evenness(E) | 0.64±0.35 | 0~1 | 55.03 | |
Berger-Parker优势度Berger–Parker dominance (DBP) | 0.64±0.24 | 0.12~1 | 37.95 | |
视觉形态性状 Visual morphological traits | 偏冠度Crown asymmetry degree(CAD) | 1.95±0.97 | 1.16,6.29 | 49.75 |
树冠圆满度Crown round degree(CRD) | 1.19±0.46 | 0.41,3.91 | 38.85 | |
树冠伸展度Crown extension rate(CER) | 0.73±0.39 | 0.28,4.38 | 53.51 |
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