宁夏黄土梁状丘陵区六种稀疏人工林的枯落物持水特征

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20221108

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective: Water-holding capacity of litter layer is an important part for hydrological effect evaluation of forest land. Quantitative evaluation of hydrological characteristics of litter layer of typical sparse plantations in Loess ridge hilly region can provide a theoretical basis for ecological reconstruction and structure optimization of forest and grass vegetation in the study area. Method: Six kinds of artificial forests were selected, including pure forest of Armeniaca sibirica, Amygdalus davidiana, and Caragana intermedia, A.sibirica and Hippophae rhamnoides mixed forest, A. sibirica and C. intermedia mixed forest, and A. sibirica, A. davidiana and Medicago sativa mixed forest. A standard plot of 20 m×20 m was set up in each of artificial forests, and five subplots of 1 m×1 m were set up at the four corners and the center of the plot to collect litter samples. The field investigation and indoor soaking method were used to compare and analyze the stock volume, water-holding capacity and dynamic change pattern of all litter on the surface and mixed with soil in each of artificial forests. Result: The result showed that: 1) The total litter volume of the six artificial forests ranged from 1.05 t·hm^-2 to 4.01 t·hm^-2, with the highest in pure forest of A. sibirica and the lowest in pure forest of A. davidiana. The proportion of litter volume in soil to total litter volume varied from 11.43% to 25.00%. Except for pure forest of A. sibirica, the total volume of the mixed forest was all greater than that of the pure forest. 2) In terms of the water-holding capacity of the surface litter and the litter in the soil of the six kinds of artificial forests, the maximum water-holding capacity of A. sibirica pure forest was the highest (15.75 t·hm^-2), and the maximum water-holding rate of A. sibirica and C.intermedia mixed forest was the highest (264.65%). 3) During the water absorption prosess, the dynamic changes in litter water-holding capacity and water absorption rate in the six kinds of artificial forests changed rapidly at the early immersion stage, reached saturation and tended to be stable at 24 hours. The variation of water-holding capacity and water absorption rate were in accordance with the natural logarithm equation and power fuction equation, respectively, and reached a very significant level (P < 0.01). 4) In terms of the effective water retention capacity and effective water retention rate of the six stands, the surface litter of A. sibirica pure forest had the strongest effective water retention capacity, and the soil litter of A. sibirica and C.intermedia mixed forest had the strongest effective water retention capacity. The total effective water retention capacity of litter in A. sibirica pure forest was the highest (11.08 t·hm^-2), followed by A. sibirica and C.intermedia mixed forest (7.67 t·hm^-2). Conclusion: In the Loess ridge hilly region of Ningxia, the comprehensive performance of litter water holding capacity of A. sibirica pure forest, and A. sibirica and C. intermedia mixed forest is better than that of the other stands. The result can provide a theoretical basis for the scientific evaluation of soil and water conservation benefits of litter and the optimization of forest and grass vegetation structure in local ecological restoration.

Key words: loess beam-shaped hilly area, sparse plantation, litter, water-holding characteristics

CLC Number:

S715.3

Jinjun Cai,Weiqian Li,Gang Chen,Yangyang Bai,Xia Wu,Tianning Wang,Yan Wu,Lang Sheng,Xingchang Zhang. Water-Holding Characteristics of the Litter Layer of Six Sparse Plantation Types in the Loess Ridge Hilly Region of Ningxia[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2022, 58(11): 83-95.

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林分类型 Stand type	坡向 Slope aspect	坡位 Slope position	坡度 Slope/(°)	海拔 Altitude/m	林龄 Forest age/a	密度 Density/(plant·hm^-2)	株高 Average tree height/m	地径 Average DBH/cm	郁闭度 Canopy density
山杏A. sibirica	NW 50°	中下坡 Middle-down slope	12.25	1 648.42	20	675	4.08±0.09	12.45±0.08	0.28
山桃A. davidiana	NW 76°	中坡 Middle slope	11.29	1 673.82	19	<382>	<3.60±0.06>	<4.45±0.08>	<0.26>
柠条C. intermedia	NW 74°	中坡 Middle slope	15.45	1 649.41	15	<1 576>	<2.92±0.23>	<2.17±0.17>	<0.31>
山杏-沙棘 A. sibirica - H. rhamnoides	SW 76°	中坡 Middle slope	22.89	1 674.09	20	375 <2 255>	3.45±0.88 <1.01±0.03>	9.97±0.22 <1.65±0.29>	0.29 <0.69>
山杏-柠条 A. sibirica - C. intermedia	SE 48°	中坡 Middle slope	22.32	1 660.06	20	550 <1 125>	4.45±0.13 <1.41±0.07>	10.30±0.67 <1.51±0.17>	0.30 <0.66>
山杏-山桃-苜蓿 A. sibirica - A. davidiana-M. sativa	NE 43°	中坡 Middle slope	17.58	1 583.82	18	521 <143>	3.38±0.15 <3.07±0.14> (0.76±0.11)	11.25±0.37 <4.20±0.50>	0.33 <0.25> (0.71)

林分类型 Stand type	枯落物层覆盖度 Coverage (%)	地表枯落物Surface litter		土壤中枯落物Litter in soil		枯落物总蓄积量 Total litter volume/(t·hm^-2)
林分类型 Stand type	枯落物层覆盖度 Coverage (%)	厚度 Thickness/cm	蓄积量 Volume of litter/(t·hm^-2)	混入深度 Depth/cm	蓄积量 Volume of litter/(t·hm^-2)	枯落物总蓄积量 Total litter volume/(t·hm^-2)
山杏A. sibirica	83.8±3.89a	2.60±0.89a	3.46±1.21a	0.42±0.13a	0.55±0.15a	4.01±1.27a
山桃A. davidiana	43.8±10.35c	2.30±0.75bc	0.93±0.63c	0.36±0.13a	0.12±0.04c	1.05±0.65c
柠条C. intermedia	67.4±8.98b	2.40±0.55bc	1.08±0.14c	0.30±0.07a	0.15±0.04c	1.23±0.15c
山杏-沙棘A. sibirica - H. rhamnoides	73.4±12.36ab	2.26±0.70bc	2.04±0.30b	0.30±0.07a	0.47±0.15ab	2.51±0.23b
山杏-柠条A. sibirica - C.intermedia	59.4±12.21b	2.36±0.52bc	1.26±0.54bc	0.30±0.01a	0.42±0.15ab	1.68±0.53bc
山杏-山桃-苜蓿A. sibirica - A. davidiana-M.sativa	59.0±11.40b	1.56±0.44b	1.13±0.40c	0.32±0.13a	0.33±0.06b	1.46±0.36c

林分类型 Stand type	地表枯落物 Surface litter	相关系数 R²	土壤中枯落物 Litter in soil	相关系数 R²
山杏A. sibirica	K=369.409 lnt+1 332.267	0.920	K=314.943 lnt+1 117.797	0.945
山桃A. davidiana	K=470.671 lnt+1 208.661	0.933	K=275.559 lnt+1 027.696	0.989
柠条C.intermedia	K=541.102 lnt+1 193.896	0.947	K=255.415 lnt+1 121.858	0.924
山杏-沙棘A. sibirica-H.rhamnoides	K=715.510 lnt+1 100.801	0.990	K=250.513 lnt+1 066.169	0.961
山杏-柠条A. sibirica-C.intermedia	K=722.585 lnt+1 194.272	0.949	K=356.187 lnt+1 113.235	0.964
山桃-山杏-苜蓿A. sibirica-A. davidiana-M.sativa	K=731.866 lnt+1 073.211	0.984	K=264.067 lnt+1 089.704	0.952

林分类型 Stand type	地表枯落物 Surface litter	相关系数 R²	土壤中枯落物 Litter in soil	相关系数 R²
山杏A. sibirica	B=21 185.386 t^-3.275	0.902	B=13 327.706 t^-3.313	0.933
山桃A. davidiana	B=33 580.310 t^-3.884	0.891	B=9 304.245 t^-3.069	0.902
柠条C.intermedia	B=41 261.582 t^-4.012	0.876	B=8 302.763 t^-3.175	0.961
山杏-沙棘A. sibirica-H.rhamnoides	B=38 525.957 t^-3.587	0.837	B=5 200.827 t^-2.785	0.981
山杏-柠条A. sibirica-C.intermedia	B=57 641.837 t^-4.026	0.888	B=12 975.541 t^-3.313	0.919
山桃-山杏-苜蓿A. sibirica-A. davidiana-M.sativa	B=39 558.515 t^-3.600	0.861	B=6 524.832 t^-2.973	0.968

林分类型 Stand type	地表枯落物Surface litter		土壤中枯落物Litter in soil		总有效拦蓄量 Total retaining content/(t·hm^-2)	平均有效拦蓄率 Average Effective retaining rate (%)
林分类型 Stand type	有效拦蓄量Effective retaining content/(t·hm^-2)	有效拦蓄率Effective retaining rate (%)	有效拦蓄Effective retaining content/(t·hm^-2)	有效拦蓄率Effective retaining rate (%)	总有效拦蓄量 Total retaining content/(t·hm^-2)	平均有效拦蓄率 Average Effective retaining rate (%)
山杏 A. sibirica	7.67±2.11a	227.41	3.41±1.30ab	183.80	11.08±2.59a	205.60
山桃纯林 A. davidiana	1.74±1.04c	196.77	2.16±0.56b	124.68	3.90±1.15c	160.72
柠条C.intermedia	2.14±0.48c	198.07	2.32±0.37b	132.60	4.46±0.66c	165.33
山杏-沙棘 A. sibirica-H.rhamnoides	2.80±1.40bc	195.91	2.50±0.38ab	125.15	5.30±0.64b	160.53
山杏-柠条混交林 A. sibirica-C.intermedia	3.99±0.80b	216.40	3.68±0.74a	153.91	7.67±1.12b	185.15
山桃-山杏-苜蓿混交林A. sibirica-A. davidiana-M.sativa	2.24±0.92c	195.02	2.71±0.72ab	135.56	4.95±1.02bc	165.29

Water-Holding Characteristics of the Litter Layer of Six Sparse Plantation Types in the Loess Ridge Hilly Region of Ningxia

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[3]	Jingru Liu,Yi Cao,Han Li,Li Zhang,Chengming You,Zhenfeng Xu,Bo Tan. Diversity of Soil Arthropods during Cinnamomum camphora and Pinus massoniana Litter Decomposition in Low Mountainous and Hilly Areas of Sichuan [J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2021, 57(11): 119-133.
[4]	Ao Tian,Jiaguo Wang,Zhencheng Han,Jiawei Wu,Weijie Li. Impacts on Decomposition of Flower to Leaf Ration in the Litter of Rhododendron delavayi in Baili Azalea Forest Area of Guizhou Province [J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2020, 56(8): 1-10.
[5]	Xiaorong Wang,Lei Lei,Tian Fu,Lei Pan,Lixiong Zeng,Wenfa Xiao. Short-Term Effects of Selective Cutting for Tending on Leaf Litter Decomposition Rate and Nutrient Release in Pinus massoniana Forests [J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2020, 56(4): 12-21.
[6]	Haiqing Hu,Bizhen Luo,Sisheng Luo,Shujing Wei,Zhenshi Wang,Xiaochuan Li,Fei Liu. Research Progress on Effects of Forest Fire Disturbance on Carbon Pool of Forest Ecosystem [J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2020, 56(4): 160-169.
[7]	Ju Yuanhua, Ma Xiangqing, Guo Linfei, Ma Yuanfan, Cai Qijun, Guo Futao. Characteristics of Pollutants Released by Combustion of Chinese Fir Litterfall and PM_2.5 Composition Analysis [J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2019, 55(7): 187-196.
[8]	Guo Xiaoyan, Wen Ting, Zhang Lu, Du Tianzhen, Wu Nansheng, Fu Li. Allelopathy and Chemical Composition of Decomposing Products from Leaf Litter of Toona ciliata var. pubescens [J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2018, 54(6): 24-32.
[9]	Zhao Peiping, Jiang Peikun, Meng Cifu, He Shanqiong. Changes in ¹³C NMR Spectroscopy of Leaf-Litter during The Decomposition in Four Subtropical Forest Types in Southern China [J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2017, 53(6): 127-134.
[10]	Wang Zhenhai, Yin Xiuqin, Zhang Chengmeng. Effects of Soil Fauna Communities on Decomposition of Abies nephrolepis Litter in Changbai Mountains [J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2016, 52(7): 59-67.
[11]	Guan Yunyun, Fei Fei, Guan Qingwei, Chen Bin. Advances in Studies of Forest Gap Ecology [J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2016, 52(4): 91-99.
[12]	Wang Wei, Hu Kai, Dang Chengqiang, Tao Jianping. Interaction of Litter Decomposition and Fine-Root Growth [J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2016, 52(4): 100-109.
[13]	Li Wei, Liu Xiaofei, Chen Guangshui, Zhao Benjia, Qiu Xi, Yang Yusheng. Effects of Litter Manipulation on Soil Respiration in the Natural Forests and Plantations of Castanopsis carlesii in Mid-Subtropical China [J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2016, 52(11): 11-18.
[14]	Yu Linhua, Fang Xi, Xiang Wenhua, Shi Jun, Liu Zhaodan, Li Leida. Stoichiometry of Carbon, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus in Litter and Soil of Four Types of Subtropical Stand [J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2016, 52(10): 10-21.
[15]	Xu Xiulan, Yang Chunlin, Tian Sha, Jiang Xinhua, Liu Han, Liu Yinggao. Fungal Diversity in Pinus armandii Litter and the Cellulose Decomposing Capacity of Four Fungal Strains of Rhizosphaera and Lophodermium [J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2016, 52(1): 80-88.