森林资源培育工程对革命老区县域城乡收入差距的影响

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20220730

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective: In the context of promoting common prosperity to achieve the ambitious goal of Chinese-style modernization, we investigate the effect of the implementation of forest resource development project on county's urban-rural income gap in the less-developed regions and the underlying mechanism, thus to provide a basis to support common prosperity and Chinese-style modernization in the less developed regions in the new era. Method: Based on county-level panel data of 650 less-developed regions in 28 provinces in China from 2008 to 2019, we analyze the effect of forest resource development on their urban-rural income gap using the spatial Durbin model, and analyze its impact mechanism from income effect and employment effect. Result: 1) The forest resource development project enlarged the effect on the urban-rural income gap in the less-developed regions, adjacent regions and all regions as a whole, specifically, a 1% increase in afforestation area leading to an expansion of the gap by 0.035, 0.200, and 0.236 in the three types of regions, respectively.2) Forest resource development project widens the overall urban-rural income gap mainly by reducing the income of rural residents and increasing the income of urban residents in the less-developed regions.3) Mechanism analysis shows that due to the constraints of ecological protection, human capital, and geographical location in the less-developed regions, the effects of forest resource development project on income and employment are not significant, which makes the less-developed regions fall into the "forest resource curse" phenomenon characterized by "abundant forest resources but slow economic growth", thus increasing their urban-rural income gap.Specifically, the forest resource development project has no significant effect on tourism income in the less-developed regions; meanwhile, the implementation of the forest resource development project can only promote the employment of farmers in the primary industry, which has a lower marginal labor remuneration, but fails to improve or even squeeze out the labor forces from the secondary and tertiary industries, which have higher marginal labor remunerations, thus the employment effect is not obvious. Conclusion: We should combine forest protection and regional industrial development, promote the joint development of forest resources among regions, and strengthen the coordinated development of forestry and other industries, to effectively transform the "clear waters and green mountains" resource advantage of forest resources in the less-developed regions into the economic advantage of "invaluable assets", aiming to utilize the abundant forest resources in the less-developed regions to reduce the urban-rural income gap.

Key words: forest resource development, common prosperity, urban-rural income gap, old revolutionary regions

CLC Number:

S7-9
F307.2

Dan Pan,Luyi Luo,Yi Yu,Fanbin Kong. Influence of Forest Resource Development Project on the Urban-Rural Income Gap in Old Revolutionary Regions[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2023, 59(1): 74-89.

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变量名称	变量解释	均值	标准差	最小值	最大值
Variables	Variable description	Mean	SD	Min	Max
被解释变量 Explained variables
城乡收入差距 Urban-rural income gap	城镇居民人均可支配收入/农村居民人均可支配收入 Urban per capita disposable income/rural per capita disposable income	2.662	1.095	0.400	9.930
核心解释变量Key explanatory variables
森林资源培育工程 Forest Resources Cultivation Project	造林面积的对数值 Logarithm of afforestation area	7.448	1.113	0.000	12.265
控制变量Control variables
农业机械化水平 Agricultural mechanization level	农业机械总动力的对数值 Logarithm of the total power of agricultural mechanization	3.109	0.857	0.000	5.869
农业发展水平 Agricultural development level	第一产业增加值与GDP的比值 The value added of the primary sector as a share of GDP	0.231	0.096	0.000	0.613
工业发展水平 Industry level	第二产业增加值与GDP的比值 The value added of the secondary sector as a share of GDP	0.410	0.141	0.038	0.904
县城规模 County size	人口数量的对数值 Logarithm of the total population in a county	3.612	0.784	0.916	5.434

被解释变量 Explained variables	统计量 Statiscal quantity	LM检验 LM test		LR检验 LR test		Wald检验 Wald test
被解释变量 Explained variables	统计量 Statiscal quantity	LM value	P-value	LR value	P-value	Wald value	P-value
城乡收入差距 Urban-rural income gap	空间滞后估计 Spatial lag estimation	12.235^***	0.000	49.770^***	0.000	48.700^***	0.000
城乡收入差距 Urban-rural income gap	空间误差估计 Spatial error estimation	361.279^***	0.000	194.600^***	0.000	82.650^***	0.000

变量 Variables	空间固定效应模型 Spatial fixed effects model	时间固定效应模型 Time fixed effect model	时空固定效应模型 Space-time fixed effect mode
森林资源培育工程Forest resources cultivation project	-0.005(0.005)	0.055^***(0.007)	0.012^***(0.005)
农业机械化水平Agricultural mechanization level	-0.295^***(0.016)	-0.156^***(0.012)	-0.230^***(0.017)
农业发展水平Agricultural development level	-2.073^***(0.115)	-0.008(0.114)	-0.547^***(0.155)
工业发展水平Industry level	0.656^***(0.071)	-0.862^***(0.080)	0.170^*(0.091)
县城规模County size	-0.041(0.037)	-0.012(0.013)	-0.108^***(0.039)
森林资源培育工程的空间交互效应 Spatial interaction effect of forest resources cultivation project	0.037^***(0.007)	0.035^***(0.005)	0.053^***(0.008)
城乡收入差距的空间交互效应 Spatial interaction effect of urban-rural income gap	0.780(0.005)	0.641^***(0.008)	0.730^***(0.007)
R²	0.236	0.277	0.446

变量 Variables	直接效应 Direct effects	间接效应 Indirect effects	总效应 Total effects
森林资源培育工程Forest resources cultivation project	0.035^***(0.005)	0.200^***(0.021)	0.236^***(0.024)
农业机械化水平Agricultural mechanization level	-0.294^***(0.018)	-0.540^***(0.033)	-0.834^***(0.051)
农业发展水平Agricultural development level	-0.710^***(0.210)	-1.303^***(0.383)	-2.014^***(0.592)
工业发展水平Industry level	0.229^*(0.122)	0.419^*(0.222)	0.648^*(0.343)
县城规模County size	-0.148^**(0.055)	-0.271^**(0.107)	-0.418^**(0.165)

变量 Variables	农村居民收入 Rural residents’ income	城镇居民收入 Urban household income
总效应Total effects	-0.021^***(0.037)	0.043^***(0.008)
直接效应Direct effects	-0.008^***(0.002)	0.002(0.002)
间接效应Indirect effects	-0.013^***(0.003)	0.041^***(0.007)
控制变量Control variables	是Yes	是Yes
R²	0.160	0.232

Influence of Forest Resource Development Project on the Urban-Rural Income Gap in Old Revolutionary Regions

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变量名称 Variables	泰尔指数 Theil index	地理距离空间权重矩阵 Geographical distance spatial weighting matrix	将森林资源培育工程滞后一期处理 Lag the forest resources cultivation project for one phase
森林资源培育工程Forest resources cultivation project	0.004^***(0.001)	0.030^***(0.006)	0.020^***(0.006)
森林资源培育工程的空间交互效应 Spatial interaction effect of forest resources cultivation project	0.004^***(0.000)	-0.223^***(0.044)	0.035^***(0.008
城乡收入差距的空间交互效应 Spatial interaction effect of urban-rural income gap	0.548^***(0.001)	2.438^***(0.020)	0.739^***(0.006)
控制变量Control variables	是Yes	是Yes	是Yes
直接效应Direct effects	0.005^***(0.001)	0.028^***(0.006)	0.039^***(0.006)
间接效应Indirect effect	0.011^***(0.001)	0.107^***(0.027)	0.167^***(0.023)
总效应Total effects	0.016^***(0.001)	0.134^***(0.280)	0.206^***(0.027)
R²	0.171	0.026	0.269

项目Item	机制一：收入效应 Mechanism 1 : Income effect	机制二：就业效应 Mechanism 2 : Employment effect
项目Item	旅游收入 Tourist income	第一产业就业人数 Employment in the primary industry	第二产业就业人数 Employment in the secondary industry	第三产业就业人数 Employment in tertiary industry
森林资源培育工程Forest resources cultivation project	-0.011(0.013)	0.052^***(0.004)	-0.008(0.006)	-0.032^***(0.008)
控制变量 Control variables	是Yes	是Yes	是Yes	是Yes
时间效应Time effect	是Yes	是Yes	是Yes	是Yes
地区效应Regional effect	是Yes	是Yes	是Yes	是Yes
常数项Constant	13.286^***(0.155)	-1.303^***(0.048)	7.256^***(0.082)	7.745^***(0.094)
观测值Observation	5 060	7 800	7 800	7 800
R²	0.217	0.738	0.674	0.527

[1]	Fanbin Kong,Mingye Cui,Caiyao Xu,Yu Lu,Yueqin Shen. Impact of the Realization of Values of Forest Ecological Products on the Urban-Rural Gap in Zhejiang Province [J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2023, 59(1): 31-43.
[2]	Wenmei Liao,Jing Lin,Yueqin Shen,Fanbin Kong. Influence of Socialized Forestry Services on the Income Gap of Rural Households [J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2023, 59(1): 59-73.