大树土球原位捆绑装置及捆绑策略的设计与试验

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20250341

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective: Current manual binding soil balls of large tree roots is labour-intensive, requiring three-person coordination. To address the issues of manual reliance, low efficiency, and lack of available machinery in binding soil balls of large tree roots during transplantation, this paper designs an in-situ binding apparatus for large tree root soil balls along with its binding strategy. Method: By analysing manual binding trajectories, a modular positioning clamping mechanism was designed. This mechanism was adjusted radially with ten fastening bolts to accommodate large trees with trunk diameters ranging from 150 to 220 mm, ensuring coaxial alignment with the trunk. A composite motion combining gear-ring meshing transmission and synchronous belt drive were used to form a helical binding trajectory for precise angular control. An integrated tension control mechanism was used to stabilize strap tension and reduce errors. A discrete element model of the root-soil composite was established in EDEM. Shear and firmness tests validated a relative error below 5%. A three-factor quadratic orthogonal test was conducted for bundling and lifting container simulations, using soil retention rate and strap retention rate as evaluation metrics. Result: Orthogonal tests yielded optimised parameters: 18.5 diagonal wraps, 47° binding angle, and binding tension of 20 N. Under these conditions, soil retention rate reached 85.10% and fabric retention rate was 26.66%. The actual container lifting experiments verified that the maximum relative error was below 6% compared to simulation results, indicating the parameter reliability. A foam root ball test rig was designed for bench testing, determining the optimal speed combination with the circumferential stepper motor of 76.5 r·min^?1 and the vertical stepper motors of 45 r·min^?1. This configuration achieved a tension fluctuation rate ≤6% and a total binding time ≤210 s. Conclusion: Field trials were conducted on tree root balls with diameters ranging from 0.9 to 1.5 m using this speed combination. The overall bundling efficiency increases by a maximum of 39.69% and the soil retention rate increases a maximum of 8.41% compared to manual bundling. The device weighs 10.75 kg, and can be installed, wrapped, and disassembled by a single operator, significantly reducing labour intensity. When lifting and packing, a small amount of soil falls off and the root system is not damaged, validating the device's practicality, and providing a reliable solution for mechanizing large tree transplantation.

Key words: big tree soil balls, in-situ bundling, modular design, discrete element, response surface analysis, control strategy

CLC Number:

Chennan Yu,Shengshuai Wang,Xingchen Gu,Kun Yao,Yonghong Wu,Jianneng Chen. Design and Testing of an in-situ Bundling Device and Bundling Strategy for Large Tree Earthballs[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2026, 62(5): 107-119.

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References 0

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ω_y/ω_r	1.3	1	0.7
θ/（°）	57.3	50.2	40

参数 Parameters	数值 Numerical value	参数 Parameters	数值 Numerical value
土壤密度 soil density /（kg·m^?3）	2710	土壤?土壤恢复系数 Soil-soil coefficient of recovery	0.513
土壤泊松比 Soil Poisson’s ratio	0.3	土壤?土壤静摩擦系数 Soil-soil static friction coefficient	0.482
土壤剪切模量 Soil shear modulus/Pa	1.264×10⁶	土壤?土壤动摩擦系数 Soil-soil kinetic friction coefficient	0.21
根系密度 Root density/（kg·m^?3）	803.4	根系?根系恢复系数 Roots - root recovery coefficient	0.117
根系泊松比 Root Poisson’s ratio	0.35	根系?根系静摩擦系数 Root system - root system static friction	0.3
根系剪切模量 Root shear modulus/Pa	1.732×10⁷	根系?根系动摩擦系数 Root - root kinetic friction	0.298
布条密度 Fabric density/（kg·m^?3）	5	土壤?根系恢复系数 Soil-root recovery coefficient	0.6
布条泊松比 Fabric Poisson’s ratio	0.5	土壤?根系静摩擦系数 Soil-root static friction	0.32
布条剪切模量 Fabric shear modulus/Pa	1×10⁸	土壤?根系动摩擦系数 Soil-root kinetic friction	0.353
布条?土壤恢复系数 Fabric-soil recovery coefficient	0.05	布条?根系恢复系数 Cloth-root recovery coefficient	0.05
布条?土壤静摩擦系数 Fabric-soil static friction coefficient	0.354	布条?根系静摩擦系数 Cloth-root static friction	0.529
布条?土壤动摩擦系数 Cloth strip-soil dynamic friction coefficient	0.376	布条?根系动摩擦系数 Cloth-root kinetic friction	0.596

试验序号 Test No.	因素Factor			土壤留存率 Soil retention rate （%）
试验序号 Test No.	捆绑花形 Bundle pattern	摆动角度 Swing angle/（°）	摆动频率 Swing frequency/ Hz	土壤留存率 Soil retention rate （%）
1	井字式 Crisscross pattern	5	10	86.96
2	井字式 Crisscross pattern	10	20	79.23
3	五角星式 Pentagram pattern	5	10	87.26
4	五角星式 Pentagram pattern	10	20	80.52
5	橘子式 Orange pattern	5	10	90.02
6	橘子式 Orange pattern	10	20	82.23

试验序号 Test No.	因素Factor
试验序号 Test No.	捆绑圈数 Number of ligature turns	捆绑角度 Binding angle/（°）	捆绑紧实度 Tightness/mm
1	15	30	0.5
0	20	45	1
–1	25	60	1.5

试验序号 Test No.	因素Factor			土壤留存率 Soil retention rate（%）	布条留存率 Fabric retention rate（%）
试验序号 Test No.	捆绑圈数 Number of ligature turns	捆绑角度 Binding angle/（°）	捆绑紧实度 Tightness/ mm	土壤留存率 Soil retention rate（%）	布条留存率 Fabric retention rate（%）
1	25	45	1.5	89.63	10.38
2	20	30	1.5	79.24	23.41
3	20	30	0.5	77.51	22.47
4	15	45	0.5	71.13	35.51
5	15	45	1.5	69.57	36.20
6	20	45	1	87.90	23.51
7	25	45	0.5	89.13	9.18
8	20	45	1	87.21	22.89
9	15	60	1	70.20	33.45
10	20	45	1	88.73	22.45
11	20	45	1	86.11	21.98
12	20	60	1.5	85.31	23.80
13	20	45	1	89.89	23.07
14	15	30	1	67.23	37.39
15	25	60	1	87.07	12.21
16	20	60	0.5	83.26	21.60
17	25	30	1	82.39	11.82

Design and Testing of an in-situ Bundling Device and Bundling Strategy for Large Tree Earthballs

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方差来源 Source of variance	平方和 Sum of squares	自由度 Degrees of freedom	均方 Mean square	F	P
模型 Model	973.36	9	108.15	42.17	<0.0001
A	614.08	1	614.08	239.43	<0.0001^**
B	47.39	1	47.39	18.48	0.0036^**
C	0.9248	1	0.9248	0.3606	0.5671
AB	0.7310	1	0.7310	0.2850	0.6099
AC	1.06	1	1.06	0.4137	0.5406
BC	0.0256	1	0.0256	0.0100	0.9232
A²	170.06	1	170.06	66.31	<0.0001^**
B²	100.69	1	100.69	39.26	0.0004^**
C²	12.86	1	12.86	5.01	0.0601
残差 Residual	17.95	7	2.56
失拟项 Misfit term	9.65	3	3.22	1.55	0.3328
纯误差 Pure error	8.31	4	2.08
总和 Sum	991.31	16

方差来源 Source of variance	平方和 Sum of squares	自由度 Degrees of freedom	均方 Mean square	F	P
模型Model	1229.33	3	409.78	379.88	<0.0001
A	1224.14	1	1224.14	1134.83	<0.0001^**
B	2.03	1	2.03	1.88	0.1933
C	3.16	1	3.16	2.93	0.1106
残差 Residual	14.02	13	1.08
失拟项 Misfit term	12.65	9	1.41	4.08	0.0945
纯误差 Pure error	1.38	4	0.3445
总和 Sum	1243.35	16

评价指标 Evaluation indicators	土球编号Soil ball No.
评价指标 Evaluation indicators	1	2	3	4	5
土壤留存率 Soil retention rate（%）	80.1	88.9	87.71	82.53	81.35
布条留存率 Fabric retention rate（%）	25.14	25.67	25.74	25.37	25.67

试验序号 Test No.	因素Factor		捆绑时间 Bundle time/s	波动率 Fluctuation rate （%）
试验序号 Test No.	上下步进电机转速 Upper and lower stepper motor speed/（r·min^?1）	圆周步进电机转速 Circumferential stepping motor speed/（r·min^?1）	捆绑时间 Bundle time/s	波动率 Fluctuation rate （%）
1	25.5	15	617	4.71
2	51	30	308	5.89
3	76.5	45	206	5.95
4	105	60	154	7.48
5	127.5	75	123	9.15
6	153	90	103	11.97
7	178.5	105	88	12.35

编号 No.	土球直径 Diameter of soil ball/mm	机器安装 Machine installation/s	执行捆绑 Machine bundling/s	机器拆卸 Machine disassembly/s	总时间 Total time/s
1	900	156	206	94	456
2	1000	138	206	95	438
3	1100	146	206	98	450
4	1300	155	206	107	468
5	1500	153	206	115	474

编号 No.	土球直径 Diameter of soil ball/mm	机器捆绑 Machine binding/s	手工捆绑 Manual bundling/s	提升效率 Efficiency improvement/（%）
1	900	456	486	6.17
2	1000	438	504	13.10
3	1100	450	684	34.21
4	1300	468	762	38.58
5	1500	474	786	39.69

编号 No.	土球直径 Diameter of soil ball/mm	机器捆绑 Machine binding（%）	手工捆绑 Manual bundling（%）	留存率提升 Increased retention rate（%）
1	900	89.9	86.6	3.81
2	1000	88.6	85.15	4.05
3	1100	88.72	83.1	6.76
4	1300	87.92	81.1	8.41
5	1500	87.1	80.43	8.29

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z₁	30	25	20
θ/（°）	45	50.2	56.3