森林火灾蔓延模拟及应急路径规划优选

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20220863

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective: In this study, cloud computing method was used to simulate the spread process of forest fire and plan the fire emergency path, so as to promote the rescue forces to quickly and efficiently reach the designated place, and to reserve enough time for arranging forest fire prevention measures. This study also puts forward constructive suggestions for forest fire emergency response and prevention planning in Dongchang District, Tonghua City, Jilin Province. Methods: An on-site investigation was conducted in Dongchang District, Tonghua City, Jilin Province, and then the model deduction was carried out. With a view to the differences between single-source and multi-source forest fires, the emergency path planning model and Dijkstra algorithm were used to simulate and calculate the shortest rescue path in the case of single-source forest fires, and the multi-source forest fire priority theory was incorporated to maximize the utilization of rescue resources. The FARSITE model was used to simulate the spread rate of forest fires in regional examples, and real-time data of each stage after forest fires occurrence were obtained. In considering the resource layout near forest fires and road traffic capacity comprehensively, the rescue path was calculated and the fire prevention road layout was carried out, to verify the feasibility of the method, and the rescue path of forest fires emergency response was intelligently optimized. Result: Based on the formula of a single fire point in a general forest fire occurrence, the priority theory was introduced for two or more fire points, and then Dijkstra algorithm was used to deduce in turn according to the severity of the fire. In addition, μ, as a capacity coefficient, was added to consider the influence of road conditions and road attributes on the rescue transit time, and obtain a new path formula. By using the FARSITE model, the spread rate of the "5.3" general forest fire (20100503-220502-01) in 2010 was simulated. In five hours after the fire started, if there was no effective human intervention, the fire would turn into a major forest fire and spread to the residential areas. Due to the influence of wind direction, the fire priority on the northeast of the fire source would be higher than that on the north. If there are conditions for simultaneous rescue, the emergency resources should be tilted according to the priority. Conclusion: The simulation results show that by using the emergency path planning model, Dijkstra algorithm and priority theory, the acquisition rate of rescue paths can be improved, and resources and personnel can be allocated in advance. FARSITE simulation combined with fire road planning can effectively improve the efficiency of forest fire decision-making, and form a forest fire emergency response and prevention planning scheme with half the effort.

Key words: intelligent forestry, emergency planning, forest fire decision-making, cloud computing, FARSITE, Dijkstra

CLC Number:

S762

Zhuo Chen,Haiyang Liu,Quanyi Huang,Mingzhang Zheng,Jian Li. Simulation of Forest Fire Spread and Optimization of Forest Fire Emergency Prevention Planning[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2024, 60(4): 52-61.

Figures/Tables 9

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火灾编号Fire No.	起火原因 Fire cause	起火时间 Fire time	发现时间 Discovery time	扑灭时间 Extinguishing time	火场总面积Total fire area/ hm²	受害成林蓄积量Volume of damaged forest/ m³	出动扑火人工 Dispatch fire fighting manpower	扑火经费 Fire fighting funds/ (10⁴ yuan)
20070427-220502-01	农事用火 Farming with fire	2007?04?27 13:15	2007?04?27 13:15	2007?04?27 13:40	0.15	100.00	23	0.23
20080419-220502-01	农事用火 Farming with fire	2008?04?19 14:35	2008?04?19 14:35	2008?04?19 15:00	0.43	0.00	28	0.28
20080422-220502-01	火源不明 Unknown fire source	2008?04?22 02:15	2008?04?22 02:15	2008?04?22 02:40	0.03	0.00	11	0.19
20100503-220502-01	祭祀用火 Sacrifice with fire	2010?05?03 12:10	2010?05?03 12:50	2010?05?03 13:20	1.24	0.00	132	0.55
20100509-220502-01	祭祀用火 Sacrifice with fire	2010?05?09 10:50	2010?05?09 10:55	2010?05?09 11:49	0.26	190.00	76	0.31
20110405-220502-01	祭祀用火 Sacrifice with fire	2011?04?05 13:20	2011?04?05 13:25	2011?04?05 13:50	0.85	0.00	35	0.50
20140331-220502-01	农事用火 Farming with fire	2014?03?31 14:10	2014?03?31 14:20	2014?03?31 15:05	0.60	80.00	45	0.13
20140403-220502-01	野外吸烟 Wild smoking	2014?04?03 15:20	2014?04?03 15:25	2014?04?03 15:57	0.50	0.00	50	0.27
20180430-220502-01	野外吸烟 Wild smoking	2018?04?30 12:50	2018?04?30 13:22	2018?04?30 14:02	0.03	0.00	20	0.26

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Simulation of Forest Fire Spread and Optimization of Forest Fire Emergency Prevention Planning

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