贾炜玮. 2006. 樟子松人工林枝条生长及节子大小预测模型的研究.哈尔滨:东北林业大学博士学位论文. (Jia W W. 2006. Predicting models of branch growth and knot properties for Mongolian Scots Pine plantation. Harbin:PhD thesis of Northeast Forestry University.[in Chinese]) 李凤日. 2004. 长白落叶松人工林树冠形状的模拟. 林业科学, 40(5):16-24. (Li F R. 2004. Modeling crown profile of Larix olgensis trees. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 40(5):16-24.[in English]) 唐守正, 杜纪山. 1999. 利用树冠竞争因子确定同龄间伐林分的断面积生长过程. 林业科学, 35(6):35-41. (Tang S Z, Du J S. 1999. Determining basal area growth process of thinnined even-aged stands by crown competition factor. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 35(6):35-41.[in Chinese]) 朱春全, 雷静品, 刘晓东, 等. 2000. 集约与粗放经营杨树人工林树冠结构的研究. 林业科学, 36(2):60-68. (Zhu C Q, Lei J P, Liu X D, et al. 2000. Crown structure of poplar trees in intensive and extensive management plantations. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 36(2):60-68.[in Chinese]) Collin F, Houllier F. 1992. Branchiness of Norway spruce in northeastern France:predicting the main crown characteristics from usual tree measurements. Annales des Science Forestières,49(5):511-538. Deleuze C, Hervé J C, Colin F, et al. 1996. Modelling crown shape of Picea abies: spacing effects. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 26(11):1957-1966. Doruska P F, Burkhart H E. 1994. Modeling the diameter and locational distribution of branches within the crown of loblolly pine trees in unthinned plantations. Canadian Journal of Forest Research,24(12):2362-2376. Fahey T D, Cahill J M, Senllgrove T A, et al. 1991. Lumber and veneer recovery from intensively managed young growth Douglas-fir. US Forest Service Research Paper PNW-RP-437,25. Fujimori T. 1993. Dynamics of crown structure and stem growth based on knot analysis of a hinoki cypress. Forest Ecology and Management, 56(1/4):57-68. Garber S M, Monserud R A, Maguire D A. 2008. Crown recession patterns in three conifer species of the northern Rocky Mountains. Forest Science, 54(6):633-646. Hann D W. 1999. An adjustable predictor of crown profile for stand-grown Douglas-fir trees. Forest Science, 45(2):217-225. Hann D W, Marshall D D, Hanus M L. 2003. Equations for predicting height-to-crown-base, 5-year diameter-growth rate, 5-year height-growth rate, 5-year mortality, and maximum size-density trajectory for Douglas-fir and western hemlock in the coastal region of the Pacific Northwest. Forest Reaserch Lab. Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR Res Contrib,40,83. Houllier F, Leban J M, Colin F. 1995. Linking growth modelling to timber quality assessment for Norway spruce. Forest Ecology and Management, 74(1/3):91-102. Hynynen J. 1995. Predicting tree crown ratio for unthinned and thinned Scots pine stands. Canadian Journal of Forest Research,25(1):57-62. Ishii H, McDowell N. 2002. Age-related development of crown structure in coastal Douglas-fir trees. Forest Ecology and Management,169(3):257-270. Kramer H. 1962. Kronenaufbau und kronenentwicklung gleichalter fichtenpflanzbestände. Allgemeine Forst-und Jagdzeitung, 133:249-256. Kuprevicius A, Auty D, Achim A, et al. 2013. Quantifying the influence of live crown ratio on the mechanical properties of clear wood. Forestry, 86(3):361-369. Maguire D A, Hann D W. 1987. A stem dissection technique for dating branch mortality and reconstructing past crown recession. Forest Science,33(4):858-871. Maguire D A, Moeur M, Bennett W S. 1994. Models for describing basal diameter and vertical distribution of primary branches in young Douglas-fir. Forest Ecology and Management,63(1):23-55. Maguire D A, Johnston S M, Cahill J. 1999. Predicting branch diameters on second-growth Douglas-fir from tree-level descriptors. Canadian Journal of Forest Research,29(12):1829-1840. Mageuire D A, Hann D W. 1990. Constructing models for direct prediction of 5-year crown recession in southwestern Oregon Douglas-fir. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 20(7):1044-1052. Mäkinen H, Colin F. 1998. Predicting branch angle and branch diameter of Scots pine from usual tree measurements and stand structural information. Canadian Journal of Forest Research,28(11):1686-1696. Mäkinen H. 2002. Effect of stand density on the branch development of silver birch(Betula pendula Roth)in central Finland. Trees, 16(4/5):346-353. Nord-Larsen T. 2006. Modeling individual-tree growth from data with highly irregular measurement intervals. Forest Science, 52(2):198-208. Oliver C D, Larson B C. 1996. Forest stand dynamics. Wiley, New York, 520. Roeh R L, Maguire D A. 1997. Crown profile models based on branch attributes in coastal douglas-fir. Forest Ecology and Management, 96(1/2):77-100. Rijal B, Weiskittel A R, Kershaw J A. 2012. Development of height to crown base models for thirteen tree species of the North American Acadian region. The Forestry Chronicle,88(1):60-73. Short E A, Burkhart H E. 1992. Predicting crown-height increment for thinned and unthinned loblolly pine plantation. Forest Science,38(3):594-610. Spathelf P. 2003. Reconstruction of crown length of Norway spruce(Picea abies Karst)and Silver fir(Abies alba Mill)-technique, establishment of sample methods and application in forest growth analysis. Annals of Forest Science, 60:833-842. Subedi N, Sharma M. 2011. Individual-tree diameter growth models for black spruce and jack pine plantations in northern Ontario. Forest Ecology and Management, 261(11):2140-2148. Tao Y H,Roger W,Carol B, et al. 2014. An evaluation of crown structure and site index to determine crown closure in Eucalyptus urophylla×E.grandis stands in Guangxi, China. Agricultural Science & Technology, 15(6):1005-1011. Valentine H T, Ludlow A R, Furnival G M. 1994. Modeling crown rise in even-aged stands of Stika spruce or loblolly pine. Forest Ecology and Management,69(1/3):189-197. Valentine H T, Mäkelä A, Green E J, et al. 2012. Models relating stem growth to crown length dynamics:application to loblolly pine and Norway spruce. Trees, 26(2):469-478. Weiskittel A R, Maguire D A. 2006. Branch surface area and its vertical distribution in coastal Douglas-fir. Trees, 20(6):657-667. Weiskittel A R, Crookston N L, Radtke P J. 2011. Linking climate, gross primary productivity, and site index across forests of the western United States. Canadian Journal of Forest Research,41(8):1710-1721. Zumrawi A A, Hann D W. 1989. Equations for predicting the height to crown base of six species in the Central Western Willamette Valley of Oregon. Forest Research Laboratory, Oregon State University, Research Paper, 52, 16. |