基于可燃物特征的塞罕坝林场人工林小班森林火险区划

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20240134

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective: Using the Saihanba Mechanized Forest Farm as a case study, a forest fire risk zoning method based on forest combustible characteristics was established, providing a reference for fire risk zoning at the forest farm scale. Method: 15 fire risk influencing factors were selected, The analytic hierarchy process (AHP), expert scoring, and judgment matrix methods were used to derive the factor weights for ignition danger, fire intensity danger, and comprehensive fire risk at the plot scale. Based on plot survey data and determination of the combustible physical and chemical properties, the ignition danger index, fire intensity danger index, and comprehensive fire risk index for each plot were calculated. Cluster analysis and ArcGIS technology were used to generate zoning maps for ignition danger, fire intensity danger, and comprehensive fire risk within the forest farm, and to analyze the fire occurrence risk within the forest farm area. Result: 1) In the Saihanba Mechanized Forest Farm, the area of the extremely high ignition danger (V_Y) level accounts for 9.21% of the total area of the forest farm, mainly scattered in the west, south, and central parts of the farm; the high (Ⅳ_Y) and moderately high (Ⅲ_Y) levels have a wider distribution, with presence throughout the study area; The combined area of the higher than high levels (Ⅲ_Y, Ⅳ_Y, V_Y) accounts for 67.95%. 2) The area of the extremely high fire intensity danger (V_Q) level is the largest, accounting for 46.42% of the total area of the forest farm, followed by the high level (Ⅳ_Q), which accounts for 26.38%; the sum of the two levels is 72.8%, mainly concentrated in the south and west of the forest farm; the higher level (Ⅲ_Q) accounts for 7.95% of the farm area, mainly distributed in the east. 3) The area of the high (Ⅳ_Z) and moderately high (Ⅲ_Z) comprehensive fire risk levels is large, accounting for 29.07% and 28.12%, respectively; the extremely high level (V_Z) accounts for 19.13%; the moderately high and higher levels (Ⅲ_Z, Ⅳ_Z, and V_Z) collectively account for 76.32% of the total area, mainly distributed in the west, south, and central parts of the forest farm. Conclusion: The fire risk zoning method established in this study, based on the AHP, cluster analysis, and ArcGIS technology, can effectively classify forest fire risk at the plot scale, generating zoning for ignition danger, fire intensity danger, and comprehensive fire risk, and is a valuable reference for the management of combustible materials at the forest farm level. The comprehensive fire risk level in the Saihanba Mechanized Forest Farm is very high, especially in the west, south, and central parts of the forest farm; the area of the extremely high (V_Q) and high (Ⅳ_Q) fire intensity danger levels is extensive, and once ignited, it is highly likely to cause high-intensity forest fires. The areas with high ignition danger and high fire intensity danger do not completely overlap. It is essential to strengthen fire source management and the management of flammable and combustible materials in areas with high ignition danger to reduce the probability of fire occurrence. In addition, the implementation of isolation belts located between areas with high fire intensity danger and high ignition danger is recommended to effectively prevent the rapid spread of potential fires to areas with high fire intensity danger, and to control the occurrence of large-scale disasters.

Key words: analytic hierarchy process(AHP), ArcGIS technology, forest fuel, risk, zoning

CLC Number:

S762.1

Yongquan Ding,Xiaoxiao Li,Fengjun Zhao,Liqing Si,Lifu Shu,Kaida Yan,Jianhua Zhang,Zhijie Peng,Nuanyang Zhou. Forest Fire Risk Zoning of Artificial Forest Subcompartment in Saihanba Forest Farm Based on Fuel Characteristics[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2024, 60(11): 107-118.

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A层目标层 Objective layer A	B层指标层 Indexes layer B	C层影响因子层 Influencing factors layer C
森林火险等级 Forest fire risk classification	土地类型Land type	乔木林地、荒山、灌木林地、湿地、其他 Woodland, barren hill, shrubland, wetland, others
	可燃物特性Fuel characteristic	优势树种、草本盖度、灌木盖度、枯落物厚度、郁闭度、修枝、蓄积量 Dominant tree species, herb layer coverage, shrub layer coverage, thickness of litter, canopy density, pruning, stand volume
	地形Terrain	海拔、坡向、坡度 Altitude, aspect, slope

指标Index	土地类型 Land type	可燃物特性 Fuel characteristic	地形 Terrain
土地类型 Land type	1	1/5	2
可燃物特性 Fuel characteristic	5	1	5
地形 Terrain	1/2	1/5	1

影响因子Influencing factors	乔木林地Woodland	灌木林地Shrubland	荒山Barren hill	湿地Wetland	其他Others
乔木林地Woodland	1	1/2	1/3	3	5
灌木林地Shrubland	2	1	3	5	5
荒山Barren hill	3	1/3	1	5	7
湿地Wetland	1/3	1/5	1/5	1	3
其他Others	1/5	1/5	1/7	1/3	1

影响因子 Influencing factor	优势树种 Dominant tree species	草本盖度 Herb coverage	灌木盖度 Shrub coverage	枯落物厚度 Thickness of litter	郁闭度 Canopy density	修枝 Pruning	蓄积量 Stand volume
优势树种Dominant tree species	1	2	2	3	2	7	9
草本盖度Herb coverage	1/2	1	3	2	2	3	7
灌木盖度Shrub layer coverage	1/2	1/3	1	2	2	3	7
枯落物厚度Thickness of litter	1/3	1/2	1/2	1	2	4	5
郁闭度Canopy density	1/2	1/2	1/2	1/2	1	3	5
修枝Pruning	1/7	1/3	1/3	1/4	1/3	1	3
蓄积量Stand volume	1/9	1/7	1/7	1/5	1/5	1/3	1

影响因子Influencing factor	海拔Altitude	坡向Aspect	坡度Slope
海拔Altitude	1	1/2	3
坡向Aspect	2	1	4
坡度Slope	1/3	1/4	1

Forest Fire Risk Zoning of Artificial Forest Subcompartment in Saihanba Forest Farm Based on Fuel Characteristics

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B层指标 B layer indexes	C层影响因子 Influencing factors of C layer	权重 Weight
土地类型Land type	乔木林地Woodland	0.046 7
	荒山Barren hill	0.114 7
	灌木林地Shrubland	0.082 8
	湿地Wetland	0.020 5
	其他Others	0.011 6
可燃物特性 Fuel characteristic	优势树种Dominant tree species	0.181 6
	草本盖度Herb layer coverage	0.133 6
	灌木盖度Shrub layer coverage	0.095 5
	枯落物厚度Thickness of litter	0.077 5
	郁闭度Canopy density	0.063 6
	修枝Pruning	0.029 3
	蓄积量Stand volume	0.014 3
地形Terrain	海拔Altitude	0.041 0
	坡向Aspect	0.071 6
	坡度Slope	0.015 6

C层影响因子 Iinfluencing factors of C layer	阈值/类别 Threshold/category	重要性赋值 Importance evaluation	引燃危险指数 Ignition risk index value $ _{ } $	C层影响因子 Influencing factors ofC layer	阈值/类别 Threshold/category	重要性赋值 Importance evaluation	引燃危险指数 Ignition risk index value
优势树种 Dominant tree species	易燃树种 Flammable tree species	9	0.068 1	坡向Aspect	南坡South	9	0.025 8
	易燃树种 Flammable tree species	9	0.068 1		西南坡Southwest	7	0.020 0
	灌木林 Shrub	7	0.053 0		东南坡Southeast	7	0.020 0
	灌木林 Shrub	7	0.053 0		西坡West	7	0.020 0
	可燃树种 Combustible species	5	0.037 8		西北坡Northwest	5	0.014 3
	可燃树种 Combustible species	5	0.037 8		东北坡Northeast	5	0.014 3
	难燃树种 Flameresistant species	3	0.022 7		无坡向 Non-slope direction	5	0.014 3
					东坡East	3	0.008 6
					北坡North	1	0.002 9
郁闭度 Canopy density (%)	[0,0.2)	9	0.022 9	坡度Slope(°)	≥35	9	0.005 6
	[0.2,0.4)	7	0.017 8		[25,35)	7	0.004 4
	[0.4,0.6)	5	0.012 7		[15,25)	5	0.003 1
	[0.6,0.8)	3	0.007 6		[5,15)	3	0.001 9
	≥0.8	1	0.002 5		<5	1	0.000 6
灌木盖度 Shrub layer coverage (%)	>75	9	0.034 4	蓄积量 Stand volume/ (m³?hm^?2)	≥17.0	1	0.000 6
	[51,75]	7	0.026 7		[10.0,17.0)	3	0.001 7
	[26,50]	5	0.019 1		[5.0,10.0)	5	0.002 9
	[5,25]	3	0.011 5		[2.0,5.0)	7	0.004 0
	<5	1	0.003 8		<2.0	9	0.005 1
草本盖度 Herb layer coverage (%)	>75	10	0.050 1	海拔 Altitude/m	< 120 0	9	0.014 8
	[51,75]	8	0.039 0		[120 0,140 0)	7	0.011 5
	[26,50]	5	0.027 8		[140 0,160 0)	5	0.008 2
	[5,25]	3	0.016 7		[160 0,180 0)	3	0.004 9
	<5	0	0.000 0		≥180 0	1	0.001 6
枯落物厚度 Thickness of litter/cm	≥3	9	0.027 9	乔木林地Woodland			0.050 2
	[2,3)	7	0.021 7	乔木林地Woodland			0.050 2
	[1, 2)	5	0.015 5	荒山 Barren hill			0.123 3
	[0.6, 1)	3	0.009 3	荒山 Barren hill			0.123 3
	[0, 0.6)	1	0.003 1	灌木林地Shrubland			0.088 9
修枝Pruning	未修枝Unpruned	7	0.020 5	湿地 Wetland			0.022 1
修枝Pruning	修枝Pruned	3	0.008 8	其他 Others			0.012 5

指标Indexe	土地类型 Land type	可燃物特性 Fuel characteristic	地形 Terrain
土地类型Land type	1	1/2	2
可燃物特性Fuel characteristic	2	1	3
地形Terrain	1/2	1/3	1

影响因子Influencing factors	优势树种Dominant tree species	修枝Pruning	枯落物厚度Thickness of litter	蓄积量Stand volume	郁闭度Canopy density	灌木盖度Shrub layer coverage	草本盖度Herb layer coverage
优势树种Dominant tree species	1	2	3	3	3	6	7
修枝 Pruning	1/2	1	2	2	2	5	7
枯落物厚度Thickness of litter	1/3	1/2	1	1/2	3	4	5
蓄积量 Stand volume	1/3	1/2	2	1	1/2	3	4
郁闭度Canopy density	1/3	1/2	1/3	2	1	2	5
灌木盖度Shrub layer coverage	1/6	1/5	1/4	1/3	1/2	1	3
草本盖度Herb layer coverage	1/7	1/7	1/5	1/4	1/5	1/3	1

B层指标 Indexes layer B	C层影响因子 Influencing factors of C layer	权重 Weight
土地类型Land type	乔木林地Woodland	0.156 4
	荒山Barren hill	0.035 2
	灌木林地Shrubland	0.072 5
	湿地Wetland	0.019 4
	其他Others	0.013 5
可燃物特性Fuel characteristic	优势树种Dominant tree species	0.173 3
	草本盖度Herb layer coverage	0.114 7
	灌木盖度Shrub layer coverage	0.079 6
	枯落物厚度Thickness of litter	0.068 5
	郁闭度Canopy density	0.062 5
	修枝Pruning	0.026 3
	蓄积量Stand volume	0.014 7
地形Terrain	坡度Slope	0.022 8
	坡向Aspect	0.054 3
	海拔Altitude	0.086 3

C层影响因子 Influencing factors of C layer	阈值/类别 Threshold/category	重要性赋值 Importance evaluation	火强度危险指数Fire intensity risk index value	C层影响因子 Influencing factors of C layer	阈值/类别 Threshold/category	重要性赋值 Importance evaluation	火强度危险指数Fire intensity risk index value
优势树种 Dominant tree species	粗脂肪含量≥5% Crude fat content≥5%	9	0.062 4	坡向Aspect	南坡South	9	0.019 5
	粗脂肪含量[3.0%,5.0%) Crude fat content[3.0%,5.0%)	7	0.048 5		西南坡Southwest	7	0.015 2
	粗脂肪含量[2.0%,3.0%) Crude fat content [2.0%,3.0%)	5	0.034 7		东南坡Southeast	7	0.015 2
	粗脂肪含量[1.0%,2.0%) Crude fat content[1.0%,2.0%)	3	0.020 8		西坡 West	7	0.015 2
	粗脂肪含量[0.0%,1.0%) Crude fat content [0.0%,1.0%)	1	0.006 9		西北坡Northwest	5	0.010 9
					东北坡Northeast	5	0.010 9
修枝Pruning	未修枝Unpruned	7	0.080 3		无坡向 Non-slope direction	5	0.010 9
修枝Pruning	修枝Pruned	3	0.034 4		无坡向 Non-slope direction	5	0.010 9
					东坡East	3	0.006 5
郁闭度 Canopy density	[0,0.2)	1	0.002 5		北坡North	1	0.002 2
	[0.2,0.4)	3	0.007 5
	[0.4,0.6)	5	0.012 5	坡度Slope/(°)	≥35	9	0.031 1
	[0.6,0.8)	7	0.017 5		[25,35)	7	0.024 2
	≥0.8	9	0.022 5		[15,25)	5	0.017 3
					[5,15)	3	0.010 4
灌木盖度 Shrub layer coverage (%)	>75	9	0.022 4		<5	1	0.003 5
	[51,75]	7	0.017 4
	[26,50]	5	0.012 5	蓄积量Stand volume/ (m³·hm^?2)	≥255.0	9	0.024 7
	[5,25]	3	0.007 5		[150.0,255.0)	7	0.019 2
	<5	1	0.002 5		[75.0,150.0)	5	0.013 7
					[30.0,75.0)	3	0.008 2
草本盖度 Herb layer coverage (%)	>75	10	0.005 3		<30.0	1	0.002 7
	[51,75]	8	0.004 1
	[26,50]	5	0.002 9	海拔Altitude/m	< 120 0	9	0.008 2
	[5,25]	3	0.001 8		[120 0,140 0)	7	0.006 4
	<5	1	0.000 6		[140 0,160 0)	5	0.004 6
					[160 0,180 0)	3	0.002 7
枯落物厚度Thickness of litter/cm	≥5.0	9	0.028 7		≥ 180 0	1	0.000 9
	[3.0,5.0)	7	0.022 3
	[2.0,3.0)	5	0.015 9	荒山 Barren hill			0.035 2
	[1.0-2.0)	3	0.009 6	灌木林地Shurbland			0.072 5
	[0.0-1.0)	1	0.003 2	湿地Wetland			0.019 4
乔木林地 Woodland			0.156 4	其他 Others			0.013 5

火灾风险类型 Fire risk type	火险等级 Fire risk classification	危险程度 Risk level	危险指数 Risk index value	小班面积占比 Area proportion of subcompartment (%)
引燃危险 Ignition risk	Ⅴ_Y	极高Extremely high	0.256 3?0.329 0	9.21
	Ⅳ_Y	高High	0.218 5?0.256 2	26.25
	Ⅲ_Y	较高Relatively high	0.185 4?0.218 4	32.49
	Ⅱ_Y	较低Relatively low	0.146 2?0.185 3	24.03
	Ⅰ_y	低Low	0.095 7?0.146 1	8.02
火强度危险 Fire intensity risk	Ⅴ_Q	极高Extremely high	0.365 0?0.430 0	46.42
	Ⅳ_Q	高High	0.297 4?0.364 9	26.38
	Ⅲ_Q	较高Relatively high	0.211 5?0.297 3	7.95
	Ⅱ_Q	较低Relatively low	0.159 3?0.211 4	7.93
	Ⅰ_Q	低Low	0.089 3?0.159 2	11.33
综合火险 Comprehensive fire risk	Ⅴ_Z	极高Extremely high	0.271 2?0.323 7	19.13
	Ⅳ_Z	高High	0.248 2- 0.271 1	29.07
	Ⅲ_Z	较高Relatively high	0.222 3?0.248 1	28.12
	Ⅱ_Z	较低Relatively low	0.174 9?0.222 2	12.42
	Ⅰ_Z	低Low	0.102 6?0.174 8	11.26

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