城市园林废弃物生物质炭性质及其应用潜力

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20200813

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective: This study analyzed biochars pyrolyzed from urban green wastes of wood bark, branch, leaf and grass biomass in a bench pyrolyzer, in order to explore its value for potential application to urban soil and environment improvement in recycling green waste through biomass carbonization. Method: Physico-chemical, and elemental analysis of carbon and metals as well as nutrients, surface morphology and tomography analysis and proximate analysis of biochar particles, and GC/MS analysis of dissolvable organic matter (DOM) pool of biochars were conducted to characterize the organic composition, particle adsorption capacity and moisture retention, existence of bioactive molecules and potentially toxic metal elements (PTEs) of the biochars. Result: The organic carbon content of the urban green waste biochars varied from 46.8% to 76.1%. With high thermal value up to 30 MJ·kg^-1, wood bark and branch biochars contained higher organic carbon by over 20% than leaf and grass derived biochars. However, the leaf and grass biochars were rich in N, P and K nutrients, with higher porosity and surface area, than the wood and branch ones. DOM pool of the biochars ranged from 2.86 to 31.20 g·kg^-1, with totally 177 chemical compounds, including organic acid, alcohols and saccharide. Contents of the PTEs were all beyond the guideline limits for organic amendments in agriculture. Concerning the significant content of PTEs, green waste biochars could not directly applied to agricultural soils, but meet the guideline limit for non-agricutural lands. Conclusion: The biochars from urban green wastes are rich in organic carbon with bioactive molecules, inorganic nutrients and micropores, but limited concentration of PTEs, indicating a great potential utilization use to improve urban soils. Particularly, the bark and branch biochars could be used as biomass fuels or water-absorbing materials, while the leaf and grass derived biochars could be applied as soil conditioner and nutritional growth media for enhancing urban vegetation. Furthermore, the bioactive components from leaf and grass would be expected to be used as foliar conditioners for plant growth in urban green zones.

Key words: green waste, bio-waste, biochar, pyrolysis, organic matter, pore structure, urban soil

CLC Number:

S731.2
X705

Yanyan Ju,Yuanjun Ding,Qianqian Shao,Xiaochun Zhang,Hongyan Gao,Mengying Lian,Rongjun Bian,Xiaoming Wang,Genxing Pan. Properties and Application Potential of Biochar from Urban Green Wastes[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2020, 56(8): 107-120.

Figures/Tables 10

Table 1

Fig.1

Table 2

Fig.2

Fig.3

Fig.4

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

Table附表1

Chemical constituents of soluble fraction of different biochars"

保留时间 Retention time/s	化合物名称 Compound	分子式 Formula	分子量 Mole weight	树皮炭 WBB	树枝炭 WCB	残草炭 GRB	树叶炭 WLB
7.969	氨基乙醇Ethanolamine	C₂H₇NO	61.083	—	Y	—	—
8.056	2-氯-2-羟基三乙胺2-chloro-2′-hydroxytriethylamine	C₆H₁₄ClNO	151.635	—	Y	—	Y
9.082	乙酰胺Acetamide	C₂H₅NO	59.067	—	—	—	Y
10.352	戊酸Pentanoic acid	C₅H₁₀O₂	102.132	—	—	Y	Y
10.634	碳酸Carbonic acid	CH₂O₃	62.025	—	—	Y	—
10.652	乙醇酸Glycolic acid	C₂H₄O₃	76.051	—	—	Y	—
10.709	乙二醇Ethylene glycol	C₂H₆O₂	62.068	Y	Y	Y	Y
10.815	2-乙基-3-羟基丙酸2-Ethyl-3-hydroxypropionic acid	C₅H₁₀O₃	118.131	—	—	Y	—
14.381	苯Benzene	C₆H₆	78.112	Y	—	—	—
17.508	4-甲基戊酸4-Methylpentanoic acid	C₆H₁₂O₂	116.158	—	Y	—	—
17.627	1, 2-丙二醇(±)-1, 2-propanediol	C₃H₈O₂	76.094	Y	—	—	—
17.752	β-羟丁酸β-Hydroxybutyric acid	C₄H₈O₃	104.104	—	Y	—	Y
17.808	乳酸DL-Lactic Acid	C₃H₆O₃	90.078	Y	—	Y	—
17.865	正己酸1-Hexanoic acid	C₆H₁₂O₂	116.158	—	—	—	Y
18.628	1, 3-丙二醇1, 3-Propanediol	C₃H₈O₂	76.094	Y	—	—	—
18.653	羟基乙酸2-Hydroxyethanoic acid	C₂H₄O₃	76.050	Y	Y	Y	Y
19.973	乙二酸Ethanimidic acid	C₂H₅NO	59.067	Y	—	—	—
20.092	亚硫酸Sulfurous acid	H₂O₃S	82.079	—	—	Y	—
21.023	二甲基氨基甲酸Dimethylcarbamic acid	C₃H₇NO₂	89.093	—	Y	—	—
21.230	3-羟基吡啶3-Pyridinol	C₅H₅NO	95.099	—	—	Y	Y
21.386	二乙胺Diethylamine	C₄H₁₁N	73.137	Y	—	—	—
21.393	2-氨基丁酸2-Aminobutanoic acid	C₄H₉NO₂	103.120	Y	Y	—	—
21.505	羟基异丁酸2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid	C₄H₈O₃	104.104	—	—	—	Y
21.543	α-羟丁酸α-Hydroxybutyric acid	C₄H₈O₃	104.104	—	—	Y	Y
21.643	2-吡咯烷酮2-pyrrolidinone	C₄H₇NO	85.104	—	—	Y	—
21.655	1, 3-丁二醇1, 3-Butanediol	C₄H₁₀O₂	90.120	—	Y	—	—
21.843	丙酸Propanoic acid	C₃H₆O₂	74.080	—	Y	—	—
22.018	1, 4-丁二醇1, 4-Butanediol	C₄H₁₀O₂	90.121	Y	Y	—	—
22.037	丙酮酸Pyruvic acid	C₃H₄O₃	88.062	—	Y	—	—
22.225	2-丁烯-1, 4-二醇2-Butene-1, 4-diol	C₄H₈O₂	88.105	—	Y	—	Y
22.256	3-羟基丙酸3-Hydroxypropionic acid	C₃H₆O₃	90.078	—	—	Y	—
22.381	2-磷酸甘油酸2-phosphoglycolic acid	C₂H₅O₆P	156.031	—	Y	—	—
22.569	二羟基乙酸Dihydroxyacetic acid	C₂H₄O₄	92.051	—	—	—	Y
22.994	庚酸Heptanoic acid	C₇H₁₄O₂	130.185	—	—	Y	Y
23.150	吡咯[2, 3-b]吲哚, 1, 2, 3, 3a, 8, 8a-六氢化-3a, 8-二甲基- (3aS-cis)-Pyrrolo[2, 3-b]indole, 1, 2, 3, 3a, 8, 8a-hexahydro-3a, 8-dimethyl-, (3aS-cis)-	C₁₂H₁₆N₂	188.269	Y	—	—	—
23.150	2-羟基异缬草酸2-Hydroxyisopentanoic acid	C₅H₁₀O₃	118.131	—	—	Y	—
23.188	缬氨酸L-(+)-Valine	C₅H₁₁NO₂	117.146	—	—	—	Y
23.407	N-乙基-3, 5-偏羟甲基苯胺N-ethyl-3, 5-di(hydroxymethyl)-aniline	C₁₀H₁₅NO₂	181.232	—	—	Y	—
23.438	6-甲基-3-羟基吡啶6-Methyl-3-pyridinol	C₆H₇NO	109.126	—	—	Y	Y
24.189	甲基膦酸Methylphosphonic acid	CH₅O₃P	96.022	—	—	—	Y
24.533	2-羟基-2-甲基丁酸2-Hydroxy-2-methylbutyric acid	C₅H₁₀O₃	118.131	—	—	—	Y
24.539	2-羟基戊酸2-Hydroxyvaleric acid	C₅H₁₀O₃	118.131	—	—	Y	—
25.559	己内酰胺Caprolactam	C₆H₁₁NO	113.158	—	—	—	Y
25.759	γ-羟基丁酸γ-Hydroxybutyric acid	C₄H₈O₃	104.104	Y	Y	Y	Y
25.878	尿素Urea	CH₄N₂O	60.055	Y	Y	Y	Y
26.059	三甘醇Triethylene glycol	C₆H₁₄O₄	150.173	—	—	—	Y
26.215	丁二酸Succinic acid	C₄H₆O₄	118.088	—	—	Y	—
26.435	对苯基酚4-Biphenylol	C₁₂H₁₀O	170.207	Y	—	—	—
26.447	1-脯氨酸-N-异丁氧羰基-壬基酯l-Proline, N-isobutoxycarbonyl-, nonyl ester	C₁₇H₃₁NO₄	313.438	—	Y	—	—
26.453	对羟基联苯p-Hydroxybiphenyl	C₁₂H₁₀O	170.207	—	—	—	Y
26.497	辛酸Caprylic acid	C₈H₁₆O₂	144.211	—	—	Y	Y
26.966	4-(4-羟基酚)-4-甲基-2-戊酮4-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-4-methyl-2-pentanone	C₁₂H₁₆O₂	192.254	Y	—	—	—
27.354	(4E)-4-(甲氧亚氨基)-1, 2, 3-丁三醇(4E)-4-(Methoxyimino)-1, 2, 3-butanetriol	C₅H₁₁NO₄	149.145	—	—	Y	—
27.492	乙酰基乙酰邻甲基苯胺Acetoacet-o-toluidide	C₁₁H₁₃NO₂	191.226	—	—	Y	—
27.861	4-羟基-3-戊烯酸(3Z)-4-Hydroxy-3-pentenoic acid	C₅H₈O₃	116.115	—	Y	Y	Y
27.886	2-羟基-4-甲基戊酸Pentanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-4-methyl	C₆H₁₂O₃	132.159	—	Y	—	—
28.267	甲基丙二酸Methylmalonic acid	C₄H₆O₄	118.088	—	Y	—	—
28.599	乙基丙二酸Ethylmalonic acid	C₅H₈O₄	132.115	—	—	—	Y
28.818	羟基异丁酸甲酯Methyl 2-hydroxyisobutyrate	C₅H₁₀O₃	118.132	Y	—	—	—
28.830	戊酸Valeric acid	C₅H₁₀O₂	102.132	—	Y	—	—
28.836	4-羟基-2-甲基丁酸4-Hydroxy-2-methylbutanoic acid	C₅H₁₀O₃	118.131	—	Y	—	Y
28.843	5-羟基戊酸5-Hydroxypentanoic acid	C₅H₁₀O₃	118.131	—	—	Y	Y
29.024	邻甲苯甲酸o-Toluic acid	C₈H₈O₂	136.148	—	—	—	Y
29.037	间甲基苯甲酸m-Toluic acid	C₈H₈O₂	136.148	—	—	Y	Y
29.055	甘油酸Glyceric acid	C₃H₆O₄	106.080	—	Y	—	—
30.932	苯丙酸3-Phenylpropanoic acid	C₉H₁₀O₂	150.174	—	—	—	Y
30.932	β-D-吡喃葡萄糖β-D-Glucopyranose	C₆H₁₂O₆	180.156	—	—	—	Y
29.424	对甲苯甲酸p-Toluic acid	C₈H₈O₂	136.148	—	—	Y	Y
29.462	壬酸Nonanoic acid	C₉H₁₈O₂	158.238	—	Y	Y	Y
30.813	二甲基丙二酸Dimethylmalonic acid	C₅H₈O₄	132.115	—	—	Y	—
30.932	β-D-呋喃半乳糖β-D-Galactofuranose	C₆H₁₂O₆	180.156	Y	Y	Y	—
30.969	果糖β-Fructopyranose	C₆H₁₂O₆	180.156	—	Y	—	—
31.270	2-脱氧戊糖醇2-Deoxypentitol	C₅H₁₂O₄	136.146	—	—	Y	Y
31.320	2, 4-二羟基丁酸2, 4-Dihydroxybutanoic acid	C₄H₈O₄	120.104	Y	Y	Y	Y
31.326	1, 2, 4-丁三醇1, 2, 4-Butanetriol	C₄H₁₀O₃	106.120	Y	—	—	Y
31.363	1, 4-双脱氧戊糖醇1, 4-Dideoxypentitol	C₅H₁₂O₃	120.147	—	Y	—	—
31.808	3, 4-二甲基苯甲酸3, 4-Dimethylbenzoic acid	C₉H₁₀O₂	150.174	—	—	—	Y
31.870	3, 4-二羟基杏仁酸3, 4-Dihydroxymandelic acid	C₈H₈O₅	184.146	—	—	Y	Y
31.877	2-脱氧季酮酸2-Deoxytetronic acid	C₄H₈O₄	120.104	—	—	Y	—
31.914	3, 4-二羟基丁酸(S)-3, 4-Dihydroxybutyric acid	C₄H₈O₄	120.104	—	Y	—	Y
32.102	癸酸Decanoic acid	C₁₀H₂₀O₂	172.265	—	—	Y	Y
33.572	3-羟基十二烷二酸3-Hydroxydodecanedioic acid	C₁₂H₂₂O₅	246.300	—	Y	—	—
33.653	美雄醇Methandriol	C₂₀H₃₂O₂	304.467	—	Y	—	—
33.784	1, 2, 5-戊三醇1, 2, 5-Pentanetriol	C₅H₁₂O₃	120.147	Y	Y	Y	Y
33.910	甘油醛DL-Glyceraldehyde	C₃H₆O₃	90.078	—	Y	—	—
33.991	L-乳醛L-lactaldehyde	C₃H₆O₂	74.078	—	—	—	Y
34.035	赤型构型-2, 3-二羟基丁酸Erythro-2, 3-dihydroxybutyric acid	C₄H₈O₄	120.104	—	Y	—	—
34.197	2-单异丁酸2-Mono-isobutyrin	C₇H₁₄O₄	162.184	—	—	—	Y
34.210	2-羟谷氨酸(±)-2-Hydroxyglutaric acid	C₅H₈O₅	148.114	—	Y	Y	—
34.322	吡啶酮,四氢-1-[3-(四氢-2, 6, 6-三甲基-2H-吡喃-2-卤代)-2-丙炔基]-4(1H)-Pyridinone, tetrahydro-1-[3-(tetrahydro-2, 6, 6-trimethyl-2H-pyran-2-yl)-2-propynyl]-4(1H)-	C₁₆H₂₅NO₂	263.375	Y	—	—	—
34.523	十一烷酸Undecanoic acid	C₁₁H₂₂O₂	186.291	—	—	Y	—
34.879	3-羟基苯甲酸3-Hydroxybenzoicacid	C₇H₆O₃	138.121	—	Y	Y	Y
35.480	针枞酚Piceol	C₈H₈O₂	136.148	—	—	Y	—
35.705	2-脱氧-β-L-赤型-吡喃戊糖2-Deoxy-β-L-erythro-pentopyranose	C₅H₁₀O₄	134.130	—	—	Y	Y
35.749	来苏糖D-(-)-Lyxose	C₅H₁₀O₅	150.130	—	—	Y	—
35.755	1, 5-无水葡萄糖醇1, 5-Anhydroglucitol	C₆H₁₂O₅	164.156	—	—	Y	—
35.798	赤藓糖醇1, 2, 3, 4-Butanetetrol	C₄H₁₀O₄	122.120	—	Y	—	—
35.961	D-呋喃核糖D-Ribofuranose	C₅H₁₀O₅	150.130	Y	Y	Y	Y
36.068	4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯乙酮4′-Hydroxy-3′-methoxyacetophenone	C₉H₁₀O₃	166.174	—	—	Y	—
36.124	6-羟基己酸6-Hydroxycaproic acid	C₆H₁₂O₃	132.158	—	—	Y	—
36.286	4-羟基苯甲酸4-Hydroxybenzoic acid	C₇H₆O₃	138.121	—	Y	—	Y
36.505	3-甲基-4-羟基苯甲酸3-Methyl-4-hydroxybenzoic acid	C₈H₈O₃	152.147	—	—	Y	Y
36.787	十二烷酸Vulvic acid	C₁₂H₂₄O₂	200.318	—	—	Y	—
36.875	(2R, 3S, 4R, 5E)-5-(异亚硝基)-1, 2, 3, 4, 6-己五醇(2R, 3S, 4R, 5E)-5-(Hydroxyimino)-1, 2, 3, 4, 6-hexanepentol	C₆H₁₃NO₆	195.171	—	—	—	Y
36.881	(2Z)-2, 3-二羟基丙烯酸(2Z)-2, 3-Dihydroxyacrylic acid	C₃H₄O₄	104.062	—	—	Y	Y
36.868	a-羟基己二酸a-Hydroxyadipic acid	C₆H₁₀O₅	162.141	Y	—	—	—
36.924	D-树胶醛-1, 4-内酯D-arabinono-1, 4-lactone	C₅H₈O₅	148.114	—	Y	—	—
37.281	反丁烯二酸Fumaric acid	C₄H₄O₄	116.072	—	Y	Y	Y
37.412	4-O-甲基吡喃戊糖4-O-Methylpentopyranose	C₆H₁₂O₅	164.156	Y	—	Y	—
37.417	1, 5-无水葡萄糖醇1, 5-anhydroglucitol	C₆H₁₂O₅	164.156	—	—	—	Y
37.419	6-辛烷基-1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6-羟基-十四烷五醇6-Octyl-1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6-hydroxy-tetradecanepentol	C₂₂H₄₂O₆	402.565	—	Y	Y	Y
37.425	甲基β-D-呋喃糖苷Methyl β-D-ribofuranoside	C₆H₁₂O₅	164.156	—	Y	Y	—
37.494	2-脱氧戊糖酸2-Deoxypentonic acid	C₅H₁₀O₅	150.130	—	—	Y	—
37.500	羟基丁二酸(±)-Malic Acid	C₄H₆O₅	134.087	—	—	Y	—
37.588	β-D-含糖呋喃糖醛酸β-D-Glucopyranuronic acid	C₆H₁₀O₇	194.139	—	Y	—	—
37.744	β-D-异构呋喃糖β-D-Allofuranose	C₆H₁₂O₆	180.156	—	—	Y	—
37.888	D-阿拉伯呱喃糖D-Arabinopyranose	C₅H₁₀O₅	150.130	Y	Y	Y	Y
37.907	左旋葡聚糖Levoglucosan	C₆H₁₀O₅	162.141	Y	Y	Y	Y
38.069	β-D-半呋喃糖醛酸β-D-Galactofuranuronic acid	C₆H₁₀O₇	194.139	—	—	—	Y
38.132	核酸糖D-(-)-Ribose	C₅H₁₀O₅	150.130	—	Y	Y	Y
38.144	庚酮糖D-Mannoheptulose	C₇H₁₄O₇	210.182	—	—	Y	Y
38.526	4-(1-羟苯基)-2-甲氧基酚4-(1-Hydroxyvinyl)-2-methoxyphenol	C₉H₁₀O₃	166.174	—	—	—	Y
38.545	2-杂氧-6-含氮氧化氯[3.3.1.1(3, 7)]癸烷, 6-(苯磺酰)-2-Oxa-6-azatricyclo[3.3.1.1(3, 7)]decane, 6-(phenylsulfonyl)-	C₁₄H₁₇NO₃S	279.355	—	—	Y	—
38.720	葡萄糖D-(+)-Glucose	C₆H₁₂O₆	180.156	—	Y	—	Y
38.989	苏糖醇Threitol	C₄H₁₀O₄	122.120	—	—	—	Y
38.989	阿拉伯醇D-(+)-arabitol	C₅H₁₂O₅	152.146	—	—	—	Y
39.095	β-D-呋喃半乳糖β-D-Galactofuranose	C₆H₁₂O₆	180.156	—	Y	Y	Y
39.095	尿苷Uridine	C₉H₁₂N₂O₆	244.201	—	Y	—	Y
39.145	六乙基呋喃糖苷Ethyl hexofuranoside	C₉H₁₂N₂O₆	244.201	—	Y	—	—
39.189	1, 3-苯二羧酸1, 3-Benzenedicarboxylic acid	C₈H₆O₄	166.131	Y	—	—	—
39.233	3-(4-羟苯基)丙酸3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid	C₉H₁₀O₃	166.174	—	—	—	Y
39.439	香草酸Vanillic acid	C₈H₈O₄	168.147	—	Y	—	—
39.602	D-木糖酸g-内酯D-Xylonic g-lactone	C₅H₈O₅	148.114	—	—	Y	—
39.627	D-二甲苯内酯D-Xylonolactone	C₅H₈O₅	148.114	—	—	Y	—
39.733	衣康酸Itaconic acid	C₅H₆O₄	130.099	—	—	Y	—
39.771	(2E)-3羟基-2甲基-2-戊烯酸(2E)-3-Hydroxy-2-methyl-2-pentenoic acid	C₆H₁₀O₃	130.142	—	Y	Y	Y
39.802	1, 2-苯二甲酸1, 2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid	C₈H₆O₄	166.131	—	—	—	Y
39.871	5-(1, 2-二羟基乙烷基)-3-羟基二氢-2(3H)-呋喃酮5-(1, 2-Dihydroxyethyl)-3-hydroxydihydro-2(3H)-furanone	C₆H₁₀O₅	162.141	—	—	Y	—
39.871	3-脱氧-核糖-己糖酸, 1, 4-内酯3-Deoxy-ribo-hexonic acid, 1, 4-lactone	C₆H₁₀O₅	162.141	—	—	Y	—
39.858	2-戊烯二酸2-Pentenedioic acid	C₅H₆O₄	130.099	—	Y	—	—
39.883	1, 4-羟基丙二酸1, 4-Benzenedicarboxylic acid	C₈H₆O₄	166.131	Y	—	—	—
40.227	羟基丙二酸Hydroxymalonic acid	C₃H₄O₅	120.061	—	—	Y	—
40.296	阿拉伯糖型抗坏血酸Arabonic Acid	C₅H₁₀O₆	166.129	—	—	Y	—
40.296	DL-甘油酸DL-Glyceric acid	C₃H₆O₄	106.077	—	—	Y	—
40.515	丙醇二酸Hydroconiferyl Alcohol	C₁₀H₁₄O₃	182.216	—	—	Y	—
40.528	3-(3-酚磺酰基-1H-吲哚-2-卤代)丙酸3-(3-phenylsulfanyl-1H-indol-2-yl)propanoic acid	C₁₇H₁₅NO₂S	297.371	—	—	Y	—
40.584	高香兰酸乙酯Ethyl(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) acetate	C₁₁H₁₄O₄	210.227	—	—	—	Y
41.034	十四酸Myristic acid	C₁₄H₂₈O₂	228.371	Y	Y	Y	Y
41.172	1-(3-羟基-4-甲氧基苯基)-1, 2-己二醇1-(3-Hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-1, 2-ethanediol	C₆H₁₃NO₆	195.171	—	—	—	Y
41.172	羟扁桃酸Vanillyl mandelic acid	C₉H₁₀O₅	198.173	—	—	Y	—
41.172	3-甲氧基-4-羟苯基乙二醇3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol	C₉H₁₂O₄	184.189	Y	Y	—	Y
41.316	肌醇甲酯Ononitol	C₇H₁₄O₆	194.182	—	—	—	Y
41.378	1, 3-二苯胺1, 3-Benzenediamine	C₆H₈N₂	108.141	—	Y	—	—
41.522	(1E)-1-丙烯-1, 2, 3-三醇(1E)-1-Propene-1, 2, 3-triol	C₃H₆O₃	90.078	—	—	—	Y
41.760	3-脱氧-阿拉伯糖-己糖醇3-deoxy-arabino-hexonic acid	C₆H₁₂O₆	180.156	—	—	Y	—
41.941	十六腈Hexadecanenitrile	C₁₆H₃₁N	237.424	Y	Y	—	Y
41.954	三聚氰酸Tricyanic acid	C₃H₃N₃O₃	129.074	—	Y	—	—
42.567	岩藻糖(-)-L-Fucose	C₆H₁₂O₅	164.156	—	Y	—	—
42.729	N′- (2-硝基苯亚甲基)异烟肼基酰肼N′-(2-Nitrobenzylidene) isonicotinohydrazide	C₁₃H₁₀N₄O₃	270.243	—	Y	—	—
43.242	十六醇1-Hexadecanol	C₁₆H₃₄O	242.441	—	Y	—	—
43.324	甘露醇D-(-)-Mannitol	C₆H₁₄O₆	182.172	—	Y	—	Y
45.363	油酸腈Oleanitrile	C₁₈H₃₃N	263.461	—	—	Y	Y
43.518	己六醇D-Glucitol	C₆H₁₄O₆	182.172	—	Y	—	—
44.381	黑芥子苷b-D-Glucopyranose	C₆H₁₂O₆	180.156	—	Y	—	—
44.750	十六烷酸Hexadecanoic acid	C₁₆H₃₂O₂	256.424	—	Y	—	—
46.858	十八烷醇1-Octadecanol	C₁₈H₃₈O	270.494	—	Y	—	—
47.083	十六碳酰胺Hexadecanamide	C₁₆H₃₃NO	255.439	—	—	Y	—
47.990	2, 2-偏羟苯基丙烷2, 2-Bis(hydroxyphenyl)propane	C₁₅H₁₆O₂	228.286	—	—	Y	—
48.234	萜二醇Terpin	C₁₀H₂₀O₂	172.265	—	—	—	Y
48.234	2, 2-甲基-3-戊醇2, 2-Dimethyl-3-pentanol	C₇H₁₆O	116.204	—	—	—	Y
48.591	尼龙环状二聚物Nylon cyclic dimer	C₁₂H₂₂N₂O₂	226.315	—	Y	—	—
50.167	4, 7-甲醇-1H-茚, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 8-六氯代-3a, 4, 7, 7a-四氢化-4, 7-Methano-1H-indene, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 8-hexachloro-3a, 4, 7, 7a-tetrahydro-	C₁₀H₆Cl₆	338.870	—	—	Y	—
51.130	9-烯十八酰胺9-Octadecenamide	C₁₈H₃₅NO	281.477	—	Y	—	—
51.587	25-羟基胆固醇25-Hydroxycholesterol	C₂₇H₄₆O₂	402.653	—	Y	—	—
54.058	(2R)-2, 3-二羟基丙烷基棕榈酸酯(2R)-2, 3-Dihydroxypropylpalmitate	C₁₉H₃₈O₄	330.503	—	Y	—	—
56.253	纤维二糖D-(+)-Cellobiose	C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁	342.297	—	Y	—	—
61.214	环庚三烯酮Tropone	C₇H₆O	106.122	—	Y	—	—

Table附表1

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生物质炭 Biochar	净产率 Yield(%)	热值 Calorific value/ (MJ·kg^-1)	灰分 Ash (%)	溶解有机碳 Dissolved OC/ (g·kg^-1)	充填密度 Pack density (g·cm^-3)	吸水性 Water absorption(%)
树皮炭WBB	32.90	32.21	4.00b	2.86c	0.21b	244.85a
树枝炭WCB	29.91	34.05	6.50b	2.84c	0.29a	169.42b
树叶炭WLB	20.67	19.52	29.00a	9.30b	0.21b	202.48ab
残草炭GRB	10.83	19.03	18.28a	31.20a	0.20b	266.38a
生物质炭 Biochar	C (%)	H (%)	O (%)	C/N	H/C	O/C
树皮炭WBB	76.14	5.19	17.37	226.61	0.82	0.17
树枝炭WCB	75.60	6.42	14.46	66.62	1.02	0.14
树叶炭WLB	48.57	6.37	19.17	41.57	1.57	0.30
残草炭GRB	46.79	7.20	18.73	21.98	1.85	0.30

生物质炭 Biochar	BET比表面积 BET specific surface area/(m²·g^-1)	SF中值孔径 SF median pore size/nm	孔隙度 Porosity/(cm³·g^-1)
树皮炭WBB	8.26	1.75	0.72
树枝炭WCB	6.17	1.32	1.91
树叶炭WLB	5.69	1.77	3.35
残草炭GRB	6.96	1.69	3.86

生物质炭 Biochar	脂肪碳Aliphac carbon		合计 Total (%)	芳香碳 Aromatic carbon (%)	羧基碳 Carboxy carbon (%)	羰基碳 Carbonyl carbon (%)
生物质炭 Biochar	烷基碳 Alkyl carbon (%)	甲氧基碳和碳水化合物 Methoxyl & carbohydrate(%)	合计 Total (%)	芳香碳 Aromatic carbon (%)	羧基碳 Carboxy carbon (%)	羰基碳 Carbonyl carbon (%)
树皮炭WBB	13.54	12.36	25.90	65.81	3.69	4.58
树枝炭WCB	18.57	17.86	36.43	47.69	5.27	10.60
树叶炭WLB	14.28	6.10	20.38	58.15	9.41	12.06
残草炭GRB	26.63	15.48	42.11	56.79	0.39	0.71

生物质炭Biochar	pH (H₂O)	CEC/ (cmol·kg^-1)	EC/ (μS·cm^-1)	全氮Total N/ (g·kg^-1)	全磷Total P/ (g·kg^-1)	全钾Total K/ (g·kg^-1)
树皮炭WBB	7.58±0.08c	8.89±0.41c	137.70±11.72d	4.18±0.50d	0.47±0.12d	2.87±0.11d
树枝炭WCB	7.49±0.01c	10.02±1.37c	215.00±2.00c	9.02±0.38c	1.90±0.31c	4.48±0.20c
树叶炭WLB	9.08±0.03b	19.25±3.26b	1 062.00±7.57b	10.92±0.48b	3.51±0.10b	10.75±0.07b
残草炭GRB	10.01±0.04a	23.70±2.28a	7 220.00±43.59a	16.08±0.42a	9.30±0.47a	46.72±0.60a

生物质炭 Biochar	Pb/ (mg·kg^-1)	Cd/ (mg·kg^-1)	Cu/ (mg·kg^-1)	Zn/ (mg·kg^-1)	Fe/ (g·kg^-1)	Mn/ (g·kg^-1)
树皮炭WBB	56.99±4.27c	0.09±0.01d	5.87±0.45d	23.87±1.36d	0.57±0.01c	0.30±0.01a
树枝炭WCB	46.90±3.12c	0.13±0.00c	11.92±0.25c	45.66±5.86c	0.70±0.00c	0.03±0.00d
残草炭GRB	92.66±2.60b	0.31±0.02a	19.92±2.31b	118.3±8.03b	3.65±0.18b	0.13±0.01c
树叶炭WLB	174.1±5.45a	0.23±0.00b	34.22±1.72a	159.5±6.88a	6.31±0.75a	0.25±0.00b

Properties and Application Potential of Biochar from Urban Green Wastes

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