木丝杆单元加工成形方法研究与实现

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20240255

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 提出一种立体网格式循序解剖法，改进现有人造板等木质重组类材料组成单元共同缺陷，为木材加工、人造板单元制备提供新的理论方法以及新型木质重组材料研发提供基础原料。方法: 基于木材显微构造主要特征，按照原木立体网格设立以及原木纵向先划切后刨切的技术方案，结合组合刀具结构设计与刀具各零件及其结构的功能作用，阐述木丝杆单元加工成形过程。以小径木为研究对象，建立小径木立体网格三维直角坐标系，进行刀具切削主运动和木段进料进给运动设计；结合小径木加工区域划分与组合刀具在传输链上的布局以及与小径木加工区域的对应分配，提出一种新型人造板单元制备方法——立体网格式循序解剖法。分析立体网格式循序解剖法刀具与木料在速度、时间、距离三者之间的关系，推导主运动和进给运动运动速度关系式。依据立体网格式循序解剖法，应用研制的木丝杆单元加工试验机进行加工试验验证。结果: 主运动和进给运动运动速度关系式为v=[(N×H)/S]×V （N为每个加工区域组合刀具数量，S为传输链周长）；主运动速度V=2.49 m·s^?1、进给运动速度v=0.0053或0.0057 m·s^?1，可成功实现木丝杆单元连续自动加工成形，单元互相不黏连、无损伤、形态相同，尺寸为长（L）×宽（B）×高（H）=90.0 mm×1.5 mm×(1.1~1.5) mm。结论: 1）首创性提出一种新型人造板单元制备方法——立体网格式循序解剖法，具有技术可行性；2）主运动和进给运动运动速度关系式为v=[(N×H)/S]×V，为单元加工试验和选择单元制备机的相关运动参数提供理论计算依据；3）验证主运动和进给运动运动速度关系式的合理性；木丝杆单元高度（或厚度）（H）取决于主运动和进给运动传动系统及其运动速度配比，木丝杆长度（L）等于原木截取长度，宽度（B）由组合刀具决定。

关键词: 木丝杆单元, 加工成形, 立体网格式循序解剖法

Abstract:

Objective: A three-dimensional grid format sequential dissection method is proposed to improve common defects of existing wood-based reconstituted materials such as wood-based panels. This method offers a new theoretical approach for wood processing and unit preparation in engineered wood and provides a foundational raw material for the development of novel wood-based reconstituted materials. Method: Based on the main characteristics of wood microscopic structure, a technical approach is established involving the setup of a three-dimensional grid of logs, followed by longitudinal scoring and slicing. This process, combined with the design of composite tool structures and the functional roles of various tool components, explains the forming process of wood rod lumber units. Taking small-diameter wood as the research object, a three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system in a stereoscopic grid is established for the wood. The main cutting motion of the tool and the feeding motion of the wood segments are designed accordingly; combined with the division of the small-diameter wood processing area and the layout of the combined cutting tools on the transfer chain and the corresponding allocation of the small-diameter wood processing area, a new method for preparing wood-based panel units is proposed, namely the three-dimensional grid format sequential dissection method. The relationship between the cutting tool and the wood in the three aspects of speed, time and distance in the three-dimensional grid format sequential dissection method is analyzed, and the speed relationship formula for the main cutting motion and the feed motion is derived. Based on the three-dimensional grid format sequential dissection method, an experimental machine for processing wood rod lumber units is developed and processing experiments are conducted for verification. Result: The relationship between the speed of the main motion and the feed motion is v=[(N×H)/S]×V (where N is the number of combined cutting tools in each processing area and S is the circumference of the transmission chain); The main motion speed is V=2.49 m·s^?1, and the feed motion speed is v=0.0053 m·s^?1 or 0.0057 m·s^?1, successfully achieving continuous automatic processing and forming of wood rod units. The produced wood rod units are non adhesive, undamaged, and have the same shape, with dimensions of length (L) ×width (B)×height (H) = 90.0 mm×1.5 mm×(1.1?1.5) mm. Conclusion: 1) A novel method for preparing engineered wood units, namely the three-dimensional grid format sequential dissection method, is originally proposed, demonstrating technical feasibility. 2) The speed relationship formula for the main cutting motion and feed motion is given by v=[(N×H)/S]×V. This formula provides a theoretical basis for calculating the relevant motion parameters in unit processing experiments and for selecting equipment for unit preparation. 3) The validity of the speed relationship formula for the main cutting motion and feed motion is confirmed. The height (or thickness) (H) of the wood rod lumber units depends on the transmission system of the main and feed motions and their speed ratios. The length (L) of wood rod lumber units is equal to the length of the log segment, and the width (B) is determined by the combined cutting tools.

Key words: wood rod lumber unit, process forming, three-dimensional grid format sequential dissection method

中图分类号:

S784
TS653

门全胜,刘达列. 木丝杆单元加工成形方法研究与实现[J]. 林业科学, 2025, 61(3): 182-188.

Quansheng Men,Dalie Liu. Research and Implementation of Shaping Methods of Wood Rod Lumber Units[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2025, 61(3): 182-188.

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刨花类型 Type of shavings	单元形态尺寸特征 Unit forms size feature	原材料要求Material require	单元加工方法 Unit processing methods	单元加工设备 Unit processing equipment	设备主电机功率Equipment main motor power/kW	设备生产能力Equipment processing capacity	单位产量能耗Unit energy consumption	应用场景 Application scenario
薄平刨花 Thin flat shavings	薄小片状 Thin flakes 尺寸变动较大 Large size variations	较低 Low	削片-刨片法 Chipping-planing	鼓式削片机BX218 Drum chipper 双鼓式刨片机BX468 Double drum planer	110 132	15~20 m³·h^?1 1 500~ 3 000 kg·h^?1	高 Higher	普通刨花板 Particle board
宽平刨花 Wide flat shavings	方形片状 Square flakes 尺寸变动较大 Large size variations	高 Higher	直接刨片法 Direct planing	刀轴式长材刨片机 BX446 Knife shaft type long wood planer	132	2 500 kg·h^?1	较高 High	华夫板 Wafer board
窄长平刨花 Long narrow flat shavings	窄长片状 narrow and long flakes 尺寸变动较大 Large size variations	高 Higher	直接刨片法 Direct planing	刀环式长材刨片机 BX498 Knife ring type long wood planer	160	3 100 kg·h^?1	较高 High	定向刨花板 Oriented strand board
杆状刨花（木丝杆） Rod shavings （wood rod lumber units）	细长杆状 Fine and rod-shaped 尺寸一致精度高 Consistent dimensional accuracy	较低 Low	立体网格式循序解剖法 Three- dimensional mesh format sequential dissection	小径木自动切丝机 ZQS200 Automatic cutting machine for small path wood	22	1 000 kg·h^?1	低 Lower	木丝杆定向层积材 Oriented wood rod lumber