林业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (1): 137-149.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20220760
李志红1,2(),张威1,赵新康3,舒金平1,*(
),王浩杰1
收稿日期:
2022-11-07
出版日期:
2025-01-25
发布日期:
2025-02-09
通讯作者:
舒金平
E-mail:lizhihong927@126.com;jpshu@caf.ac.cn
基金资助:
Zhihong Li1,2(),Wei Zhang1,Xinkang Zhao3,Jinping Shu1,*(
),Haojie Wang1
Received:
2022-11-07
Online:
2025-01-25
Published:
2025-02-09
Contact:
Jinping Shu
E-mail:lizhihong927@126.com;jpshu@caf.ac.cn
摘要:
目的: 探究不同发生区不同地形条件下松材线虫表型变异和形态特征分化规律,为揭示松材线虫形态适应机制和表型溯源可行性提供参考。方法: 选定松材线虫入侵较早的浙江省为抽样区,对省内松材线虫疫区进行划分,以松材线虫入侵时间和地形为指标选定省内18个区县19个采样点作为样本采集点,通过采集浙江省内不同入侵时间、不同地形的松材线虫进行分离和纯化,测定雌、雄成虫与个体发育、取食、生殖相关的体长、体宽、中食道球宽、口针长、尾长、肛门处体宽、交合刺长7个形态学指标,采用变异分析、聚类分析等方法,探究松材线虫的形态适应性,明确差异性形态指标。结果: 1) 浙江省不同地区松材线虫存在丰富的表型变异,松材线虫雌虫在多个形态指标上显著大于雄虫;变异分析结果显示,松材线虫的形态变异优先发生在与取食相关的形态指标上,在雌、雄虫形态指标中,中食道球宽及口针长变异较大,体长和尾长变化较为稳定,交合刺长是松材线虫雄虫变异较小的形态指标。2) 多指标的层次聚类分析显示,19个采样点的松材线虫雌、雄成虫均分为不同的3支,但雌、雄虫层次聚类结果不一致,松材线虫雄虫聚类结果呈现与个体生殖指标相关,雌虫聚类结果呈现与个体生长发育指标相关,聚类结果与松材线虫的入侵时间及定殖地形之间未表现出明显的规律性,PLS-DA分析结果显示,体长、体宽以及尾长是雌虫聚类的主要形态指标,体长、尾长以及交合刺长是雄虫聚类的主要形态指标。3) 松材线虫在环境适应中,形态会发生变化,北部松材线虫种群体型大于南部种群,定殖区松材线虫体型大于入侵区,海拔对松材线虫雌虫形态有影响。4) 雌、雄成虫在环境适应中,雌虫形态形成差异性的速率大于雄虫,雌性的形态变异趋向于个体生长发育,而雄虫则趋向于生殖发育。结论: 地形及入侵时间会对松材线虫形态产生影响,松材线虫形态变异主要发生在与取食相关的特征上,体长、尾长、交合刺长等变异较小的形态特征可能是松材线虫大范围表型溯源的关键指标,雌、雄成虫形态变异程度及方向不一致。
中图分类号:
李志红,张威,赵新康,舒金平,王浩杰. 浙江省不同发生区松材线虫表型变异[J]. 林业科学, 2025, 61(1): 137-149.
Zhihong Li,Wei Zhang,Xinkang Zhao,Jinping Shu,Haojie Wang. Phenotypic Variation of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus in Different Occurrence Areas of Zhejiang Province[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2025, 61(1): 137-149.
表1
浙江地区松材线虫取样点"
取样地形 Sampling landform | 取样地区 Sample sites | 地区简写 Abbreviation | 入侵时间 Invasive time | 经纬度 Latitude and longitude | 虫株数量 No. of PWN |
浙北平原 | 安吉 Anji | AJ | 2005 | 30°30′N,119°29′E | 10 |
Northern plains of Zhejiang | 长兴 Changxing | CX | 1995 | 31°3′N,119°41′E | 10 |
富阳 Fuyang | FY | 1995 | 30°3′N,119°57′E | 10 | |
丘陵 | 仙居 Xianju | XJ | 2013 | 28°50′N,120°44′E | 10 |
Hilly | 嵊州 Shengzhou | SZ | 2006 | 29°31′N,120°44′E | 10 |
建德 Jiande | JD | 2010 | 29°24′N,119°15′E | 10 | |
山地 | 莲都 Liandu | LD | 2010 | 28°35′N,119°51′E | 10 |
Mountain | 缙云 Jinyun | JY | 2003 | 28°43′N,119°57′E | 10 |
遂昌 Suichang | SCG/SCD | 2018/2011 | 28°37′N,119°9′E | 20 | |
28°37′N,119°19′E | |||||
盆地 | 武义 Wuyi | WY | 2011 | 28°55′N,119°54′E | 10 |
Basin | 龙游 Longyou | LY | 2015 | 28°57′N,119°8′E | 10 |
婺城 Wucheng | WUC | 2011 | 29°9′N,119°38′E | 10 | |
浙南平原 | 瑞安 Ruian | RA | 2008 | 27°45′N,120°31′E | 10 |
Southern plains of Zhejiang | 龙湾 Longwan | LW | 2013 | 27°55′N,120°45′E | 10 |
文成 Wencheng | WC | 2019 | 27°45′N,120°0′E | 10 | |
附属岛屿 | 象山 Xiangshan | XS | 1991 | 29°18′N,121°53′E | 10 |
Island | 洞头 Dongtou | DT | 2007 | 27°51′N,121°3′E | 10 |
舟山 Zhoushan | ZS | 2007 | 30°14′N,122°19′E | 10 |
表3
浙江地区松材线虫雌虫6个形态指标测量值①"
地区 Areas | L /μm Mean ± SE (range scale) | LW /μm Mean ± SE (range scale) | LST /μm Mean ± SE (range scale) | WMB /μm Mean ± SE (range scale) | LT /μm Mean ± SE (range scale) | WAB /μm Mean ± SE (range scale) |
文成 Wencheng | 939.61±11.61 (830.45~1 098.97) | 27.35±0.46 (23.01~33.27) | 14.94±0.26 (11.79~17.91) | 14.75±0.36 (10.74~18.41) | 32.68±0.77 (24.16~39.88) | 11.91±0.28 (9.10~14.89) |
瑞安 Ruian | 1 034.35±11.94 (944.41~1 217.44) | 27.88±0.42 (24.52~33.95) | 14.06±0.24 (11.74~16.43) | 14.28±0.25 (11.91~16.32) | 33.77±0.66 (27.87~41.84) | 11.53±0.15 (10.32~13.92) |
龙湾 Longwan | 985.86±10.88 (903.26~1 131.80) | 25.85±0.34 (22.57~29.71) | 14.63±0.31 (11.37~18.92) | 13.29±0.28 (10.37~16.48) | 33.42±0.71 (23.69~39.63) | 11.69±0.19 (10.29~13.98) |
富阳 Fuyang | 987.38±17.22 (850.98~1 159.76) | 28.26±0.54 (24.24~34.98) | 14.16±0.23 (11.14~17.17) | 14.37±0.34 (11.13~18.77) | 34.94±0.56 (29.60~40.23) | 11.61±0.21 (10.13~14.49) |
长兴 Changxing | 1 099.74±14.78 (949.18~1 229.83) | 29.46±0.37 (25.33~34.50) | 14.59±0.33 (12.00~18.50) | 14.62±0.26 (11.97~17.12) | 36.16±0.59 (29.92~41.19) | 12.01±0.21 (10.10~14.32) |
安吉 Anji | 1 031.69±13.26 (911.08~1 153.61) | 28.38±0.50 (24.37~34.74) | 14.90±0.26 (11.95~17.08) | 14.36±0.26 (10.71~17.04) | 34.19±0.55 (28.91~41.71) | 11.67±0.22 (10.07~14.63) |
嵊州 Shengzhou | 892.70±6.17 (838.88~978.64) | 24.24±0.25 (21.08~27.65) | 14.48±0.25 (12.35~17.71) | 13.77±0.24 (10.91~17.37) | 32.75±0.44 (28.65~38.56) | 11.25±0.15 (9.68~13.09) |
建德 Jiande | 964.55±10.67 (887.86~1 088.43) | 26.80±0.40 (23.11~31.17) | 15.23±0.25 (12.00~17.84) | 13.85±0.18 (12.11~16.27) | 33.75±0.66 (25.28~40.62) | 12.24±0.19 (10.35~14.28) |
仙居 Xianju | 1 018.63±14.59 (864.59~1 208.49) | 28.62±0.62 (23.01~38.49) | 15.12±0.25 (13.07~18.17) | 14.76±0.20 (12.82~16.77) | 34.79±0.57 (27.25~40.09) | 11.77±0.18 (10.00~13.42) |
婺城 Wucheng | 988.59±11.85 (893.54~1 113.64) | 29.82±0.87 (23.22~40.08) | 14.68±0.34 (10.29~18.66) | 14.78±0.32 (11.29~18.46) | 34.30±0.39 (28.67~37.93) | 11.68±0.20 (10.14~14.93) |
武义 Wuyi | 959.77±12.29 (858.92~1 137.13) | 26.80±0.39 (23.26~32.65) | 14.48±0.29 (11.73~17.29) | 13.97±0.28 (10.60~16.74) | 34.18±0.59 (27.20~39.83) | 11.89±0.24 (10.17~15.24) |
龙游 Longyou | 961.77±10.81 (876.35~1 099.89) | 26.22±0.36 (23.59~31.91) | 14.92±0.27 (11.72~17.77) | 13.77±0.27 (11.07~16.99) | 34.48±0.55 (29.29~39.98) | 11.73±0.20 (10.19~14.32) |
洞头 Dongtou | 1 046.80±13.61 (913.10~1 221.75) | 30.29±0.60 (25.28~39.15) | 13.94±0.27 (11.37~16.37) | 14.87±0.25 (11.97~17.68) | 35.07±0.50 (30.26~39.81) | 11.45±0.17 (10.04~13.68) |
舟山 Zhoushan | 1 015.77±15.25 (836.94~1 243.48) | 26.68±0.44 (22.47~34.65) | 14.92±0.17 (12.57~16.32) | 14.28±0.23 (12.28~16.92) | 32.95±0.56 (27.00~40.80) | 12.29±0.26 (10.10~16.12) |
象山 Xiangshan | 1 042.29±15.53 (918.63~1 248.53) | 31.41±0.77 (25.04~41.34) | 13.93±0.21 (11.39~15.92) | 14.90±0.16 (13.16~16.57) | 34.67±0.64 (28.74~44.27) | 11.71±0.16 (10.07~13.68) |
缙云 Jinyun | 1 025.29±13.82 (925.05~1 195.86) | 29.26±0.72 (24.44~39.21) | 14.96±0.22 (12.43~16.92) | 14.38±0.24 (11.72~16.32) | 34.72±0.56 (28.79~40.23) | 11.88±0.20 (10.12~13.88) |
莲都 Liandu | 989.70±11.04 (890.66~1 119.67) | 25.62±0.31 (22.10~28.79) | 15.00±0.27 (12.28~17.82) | 12.90±0.27 (10.40~16.38) | 33.00±0.49 (29.00~38.59) | 12.23±0.23 (10.18~14.64) |
遂昌东峰村 Dongfeng Village in Suichang | 1 049.41±13.77 (913.63~1 230.84) | 27.01±0.52 (23.13~33.51) | 14.99±0.14 (13.42~16.63) | 15.12±0.19 (13.36~17.53) | 32.07±0.65 (25.30~41.23) | 11.68±0.16 (10.43~13.68) |
遂昌公侯寺 Gonghou Temple in Suichang | 1 004.97±10.86 (902.81~1 122.51) | 28.31±0.54 (23.07~37.15) | 14.74±0.30 (12.00~18.13) | 14.24±0.26 (11.24~18.41) | 34.39±0.74 (27.20~41.63) | 11.37±0.19 (9.94~13.45) |
表4
浙江地区松材线虫雄虫7个形态指标测量值"
地区 Areas | L /μm Mean ± SE (range scale) | LW /μm Mean ± SE (range scale) | LST /μm Mean ± SE (range scale) | WMB /μm Mean ± SE (range scale) | LT /μm Mean ± SE (range scale) | WAB /μm Mean ± SE (range scale) | LSP /μm Mean ± SE (range scale) |
文成 Wencheng | 843.37±5.45 (790.35~892.95) | 24.84±0.34 (22.17~30.39) | 14.24±0.24 (11.52~17.04) | 14.23±0.29 (11.64~16.79) | 30.77±0.44 (25.91~35.03) | 17.79±0.56 (13.47~20.76) | 28.40±0.31 (25.01~30.47) |
瑞安 Ruian | 928.52±12.41 (839.02~1 095.27) | 29.19±0.71 (23.83~39.34) | 14.00±0.31 (10.94~17.22) | 14.28±0.30 (10.50~17.16) | 29.55±0.50 (24.37~37.76) | 17.88±0.40 (14.55~21.49) | 29.66±0.49 (25.33~35.65) |
龙湾 Longwan | 844.47±6.79 (777.46~928.01) | 25.05±0.51 (21.41~31.30) | 13.47±0.32 (10.17~17.04) | 12.94±0.29 (10.17~17.04) | 29.55±0.45 (24.16~34.50) | 17.02±0.39 (11.25~21.17) | 27.66±0.44 (24.00~33.63) |
富阳 Fuyang | 899.99±12.86 (780.34~1 054.40) | 26.34±0.50 (22.00~31.45) | 14.71±0.32 (11.29~17.68) | 13.82±0.28 (10.34~16.63) | 31.37±0.78 (24.55~39.79) | 16.27±0.27 (12.99~19.06) | 28.54±0.33 (25.01~31.92) |
长兴 Changxing | 918.85±8.16 (852.64~1 017.51) | 25.42±0.34 (21.87~30.65) | 14.27±0.33 (11.52~19.49) | 13.65±0.22 (11.08~15.89) | 29.61±0.50 (25.23~35.41) | 17.75±0.26 (14.33~20.18) | 29.95±0.54 (24.47~35.59) |
安吉 Anji | 877.99±9.06 (774.41~963.60) | 24.58±0.32 (20.84~28.16) | 13.68±0.33 (11.12~17.73) | 12.59±0.29 (10.09~16.01) | 28.12±0.45 (23.11~32.91) | 16.92±0.19 (14.28~18.88) | 27.75±0.29 (24.03~30.92) |
嵊州 Shengzhou | 819.62±6.52 (757.61~909.87) | 23.54±0.39 (19.84~29.81) | 14.07±0.26 (11.07~16.30) | 12.78±0.21 (10.15~14.68) | 27.84±0.38 (24.79~33.69) | 16.89±0.25 (14.32~20.52) | 27.29±0.38 (24.00~32.22) |
建德 Jiande | 866.81±8.07 (796.69~980.53) | 26.30±0.48 (21.61~32.13) | 14.15±0.34 (10.29~17.18) | 13.28±0.25 (10.50~16.47) | 28.26±0.39 (24.34~31.74) | 18.24±0.23 (15.52~21.18) | 27.90±0.43 (24.52~33.98) |
仙居 Xianju | 866.85±10.19 (760.96~964.65) | 25.57±0.38 (20.76~30.75) | 14.29±0.26 (11.95~18.04) | 13.85±0.24 (11.39~16.87) | 27.87±0.41 (23.29~35.07) | 16.98±0.30 (14.63~20.34) | 29.09±0.29 (27.06~31.99) |
婺城 Wucheng | 869.80±8.99 (796.27~980.74) | 26.85±0.65 (21.41~35.78) | 14.05±0.25 (11.53~17.17) | 13.87±0.34 (10.41~17.68) | 28.82±0.48 (24.55~36.19) | 17.24±0.19 (14.87~19.46) | 28.55±0.28 (25.32~31.82) |
武义 Wuyi | 844.41±7.86 (788.39~955.53) | 24.70±0.39 (20.43~28.06) | 13.91±0.21 (11.68~16.25) | 13.64±0.27 (10.85~16.38) | 28.78±0.43 (23.47~32.62) | 16.99±0.25 (14.69~19.62) | 27.51±0.45 (25.03~31.25) |
龙游 Longyou | 884.89±11.24 (806.27~1 026.88) | 25.65±0.44 (21.19~31.68) | 14.39±0.34 (10.64~17.52) | 13.07±0.27 (10.13~15.74) | 29.39±0.39 (25.28~33.51) | 16.50±0.27 (13.56~19.28) | 28.03±0.37 (25.13~33.19) |
洞头 Dongtou | 895.77±11.92 (793.39~1 033.83) | 26.93±0.50 (22.72~33.19) | 13.49±0.29 (10.03~16.40) | 13.67±0.21 (11.73~15.74) | 28.19±0.42 (23.08~32.69) | 17.77±0.21 (15.53~20.48) | 28.88±0.48 (24.89~34.67) |
舟山 Zhoushan | 904.59±15.53 (754.40~1 063.86) | 24.76±0.65 (18.50~33.68) | 13.72±0.29 (11.07~16.27) | 13.99±0.26 (11.41~16.32) | 29.64±0.64 (23.33~36.17) | 16.90±0.37 (14.08~21.35) | 27.86±0.48 (23.41~33.99) |
象山 Xiangshan | 871.92±8.14 (779.91~982.21) | 24.98±0.40 (21.22~30.35) | 13.12±0.20 (10.41~15.65) | 13.32±0.28 (10.99~16.87) | 29.83±0.39 (26.03~33.41) | 16.80±0.27 (14.15~20.34) | 29.08±0.42 (24.37~36.94) |
缙云 Jinyun | 884.79±11.31 (794.96~1 058.93) | 25.49±0.41 (22.09~30.68) | 14.05±0.27 (10.68~17.87) | 13.48±0.26 (11.13~17.10) | 29.67±0.40 (25.92~36.38) | 17.10±0.25 (14.08~19.97) | 28.80±0.41 (25.57~35.20) |
莲都 Liandu | 889.13±9.68 (794.43~1 033.19) | 25.30±0.47 (21.67~33.40) | 13.45±0.26 (10.51~16.74) | 13.40±0.25 (10.51~16.74) | 27.89±0.53 (23.12~32.90) | 17.44±0.24 (15.08~20.21) | 27.63±0.58 (19.17~35.29) |
遂昌东峰村 Dongfeng Village in Suichang | 877.23±10.24 (769.73~977.41) | 26.04±0.53 (21.49~31.42) | 14.36±0.22 (11.72~16.43) | 14.04±0.28 (10.68~16.90) | 28.45±0.50 (23.96~36.65) | 16.07±0.43 (12.07~20.80) | 27.64±0.34 (24.27~31.01) |
遂昌公侯寺 Gonghou Temple in Suichang | 867.13±7.34 (804.57~946.25) | 25.21±0.37 (21.68~29.34) | 13.99±0.21 (12.08~16.47) | 13.54±0.25 (10.48~16.18) | 27.92±0.44 (23.09~33.76) | 16.72±0.26 (14.11~19.57) | 27.95±0.30 (25.39~33.03) |
图2
松材线虫成虫形态变异分析 a:雌成虫形态变异系数Coefficient of variation of morphological characters of female adults;b:雄成虫形态变异系数Coefficient of variation of morphological characters of male adults. L: 体长Body length;LW: 体宽 Body width;LST: 口针长 Stylet length;WMB: 中食道球宽 Median bulb width;LT: 尾长 Tail length;WAB: 肛门处体宽 Anus body width;LSP: 交合刺长 Spicule length."
图3
松材线虫雄虫形态特征聚类分析 a:聚类分析结果Cluster analysis results;b:PLS-DA 分群结果PLS-DA grouping results;c:各指标分群贡献度结果Grouping contribution results of morphological characteristics. b 和c 中A、B、C 表示不同分支 Letters A, B, and C in b and c represent different branches;a和b中的大写字母缩写表示不同的取样地区,见表1. The capital letter abbreviations in a and 3b indicate different sample sites described in Table 1. L: 体长Body length;LW: 体宽 Body width;LST: 口针长 Stylet length;WMB: 中食道球宽 Median bulb width;LT: 尾长 Tail length;WAB: 肛门处体宽 Anus body width;LSP: 交合刺长 Spicule length."
图4
松材线虫雌虫形态特征聚类分析 a:聚类分析结果Cluster analysis results;b:PLS-DA 分群结果PLS-DA grouping results;c:各指标分群贡献度结果Grouping contribution results of morphological characteristics. b 和c 中A、B、C 表示不同分支 Letters A, B, and C in b and c represent different branches. a和b中的大写字母缩写表示不同的取样地区,见表1. The capital letter abbreviations in 4 a and 4 b indicate different sample sites described in Table 1. L: 体长Body length;LW: 体宽 Body width;LST: 口针长 Stylet length;WMB: 中食道球宽 Median bulb width;LT: 尾长 Tail length;WAB: 肛门处体宽 Anus body width."
表5
不同地形区松材线虫形态特征①"
性别 Gender | 地形 Landform | L /μm | LW /μm | LST /μm | WMB /μm | LT /μm | WAB /μm | LSP /μm |
雄虫Male | 浙北平原 Northern plains of Zhejiang | 898.95±6.10a | 25.45±0.24a | 14.22±0.19a | 13.35±0.16a | 29.70±0.37ab | 16.98±0.15a | 28.75±0.25a |
丘陵Hilly | 851.09±5.32c | 25.13±0.27a | 14.17±0.16a | 13.30±0.14a | 27.99±0.23b | 17.37±0.16a | 28.09±0.22a | |
山地Mountain | 879.57±4.88b | 25.51±0.22a | 13.96±0.12a | 13.61±0.13a | 28.48±0.24b | 16.83±0.16a | 28.01±0.21a | |
盆地Basin | 866.37±5.69bc | 25.73±0.30a | 14.12±0.16a | 13.53±0.17a | 28.99±0.25ab | 16.91±0.14a | 28.03±0.18a | |
浙南平原 Southern plains of Zhejiang | 872.12±6.54b | 26.36±0.38a | 13.90±0.17a | 14.02±0.19a | 29.95±0.27a | 17.95±0.27a | 28.57±0.25a | |
岛屿Island | 890.76±7.14a | 25.55±0.32a | 13.44±0.15b | 13.66±015a | 29.22±0.29ab | 17.16±0.18a | 28.61±0.27a | |
雌虫Female | 浙北平原 Northern plains of Zhejiang | 1 039.60±9.95a | 28.70±0.28b | 14.55±0.16ab | 14.45±0.17a | 35.09±0.34a | 11.77±0.12a | — |
丘陵Hilly | 958.63±8.34b | 26.55±0.32c | 14.94±0.15a | 14.13±0.13a | 33.76±0.33ab | 11.75±0.11a | — | |
山地Mountain | 1 017.34±6.48a | 27.55±0.30c | 14.92±0.12a | 14.15±0.14a | 33.54±0.32b | 11.79±0.10a | — | |
盆地Basin | 970.04±6.80b | 27.61±0.38bc | 14.69±0.17ab | 14.17±0.17a | 34.32±0.29ab | 11.77±0.12a | — | |
浙南平原 Southern plains of Zhejiang | 986.61±7.73b | 27.03±0.25c | 14.54±0.14ab | 14.11±0.18a | 33.29±0.41b | 11.71±0.12a | — | |
岛屿Island | 1 034.96±8.49a | 29.46±0.40a | 14.26±0.16b | 14.68±0.13a | 34.23±0.34ab | 11.81±0.12a | — |
表6
不同海拔松材线虫形态特征①"
性别 Gender | 地区 Areas | L/μm | LW/μm | LST/μm | WMB/μm | LT/μm | WAB/μm | LSP/μm |
雄虫Male | SCD | 877.23±10.24a | 26.04±0.53a | 14.36±0.22a | 14.04±0.28a | 28.45±0.50a | 16.07±0.43a | 27.64±0.34a |
SCG | 867.13±7.34a | 25.21±0.37a | 13.99±0.21a | 13.54±0.25a | 27.92±0.44a | 16.72±0.26a | 27.95±0.30a | |
雌虫Female | SCD | 1 049.41±13.77a | 27.01±0.52a | 14.99±0.14a | 15.12±0.19a | 32.07±0.65b | 11.68±0.16a | — |
SCG | 1 004.97±10.86b | 28.31±0.54a | 14.74±0.30a | 14.24±0.26b | 34.39±0.74a | 11.37±0.19a | — |
柴希民, 蒋 平. 2003. 松材线虫病的发生和防治. 北京: 中国农业出版社. | |
Chai X M, Jiang P. 2003. Occurrence and control of pine wilt disease. Beijing: China Agriculture Press. [in Chinese] | |
顾建锋, 方亦午, 刘乐乐, 等. 一种雌虫具尾尖突松材线虫的鉴定. 植物保护学报, 2021, 48 (2): 434- 441. | |
Gu J F, Fang Y W, Liu L L, et al. Identification of a Bursaphelenchus xylophilus form with mucronated tips in most females. Journal of Plant Protection, 2021, 48 (2): 434- 441. | |
黄金思, 奚晓桐, 丁晓磊, 等. 基于SNP标记的广东省松材线虫种群分化研究. 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版), 2019, 43 (6): 25- 31. | |
Huang J S, Xi X T, Ding X L, et al. Study on the population differentiation of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus in Guangdong Province by SNP markers. Journal of Nanjing Forestry University ( Natural Sciences Edition), 2019, 43 (6): 25- 31. | |
黄 麟, 叶建仁, 刘雪莲. 松材线虫病病原种群分化研究现状. 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版), 2009, 33 (4): 135- 139. | |
Huang L, Ye J R, Liu X L. Advance in population differentiation of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Sciences Edition), 2009, 33 (4): 135- 139. | |
季锦衣. 2012. 病死松树体内寄生线虫种类鉴定及种群动态变化. 南京: 南京林业大学. | |
Ji J Y. 2012. Identification and population dynamic of parasitic nematodes in died pine trees infested with Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. Nanjing: Nanjing Forestry University. [in Chinese] | |
孔青青. 2021. 中国松材线虫南北种群变异的研究. 南京: 南京林业大学. | |
Kong Q Q. 2021. Analysis of the population variation of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus in northern and southern China. Nanjing: Nanjing Forestry University. [in Chinese] | |
潘志祥. 2017. 日本蚱形态分化、遗传多样性与谱系生物地理学研究. 南京: 南京师范大学. | |
Pan Z X. 2017. Morphological variation, genetic diversity and phylogeography of Tetrix japonice. Nanjing: Nanjing Normal University. [in Chinese] | |
汪青桐, 丁晓磊, 叶建仁, 等. 基于SNP分子标记的华东地区松材线虫种群遗传分化研究. 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版), 2022, 46 (4): 21- 28. | |
Wang Q T, Ding X L, Ye J R, et al. Genetic differentiation of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus in east China based on single nucleotide polymorphisms ( SNP) markers. Journal of Nanjing Forestry University ( Natural Sciences Edition), 2022, 46 (4): 21- 28. | |
王慧敏, 赵洪海, 王凤龙. 大豆孢囊线虫不同寄主种群的形态变异及对大豆寄主的适应性差异分析. 植物保护, 2014, 40 (6): 106- 111.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1542.2014.06.019 |
|
Wang H M, Zhao H H, Wang F L. Morpholigical variation of Heterodera glycines from different hosts and their adaptability to soybean. Plant Protection, 2014, 40 (6): 106- 111.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1542.2014.06.019 |
|
王旻嘉, 叶建仁, 涂煜昇, 等. 处理松材线虫病疫木的木腐真菌筛选. 林业科学, 2021, 57 (6): 93- 102.
doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20210610 |
|
Wang M J, Ye J E, Tu Y S, et al. Screening of wood rot fungi for treating the infected wood by Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2021, 57 (6): 93- 102.
doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20210610 |
|
叶建仁. 2019. 松材线虫病在中国的流行现状、防治技术与对策分析. 林业科学, 55(9): 1−10. | |
Ye J R. 2019. Epidemic status of pine wilt disease in China and its prevention and control techniques and counter measures. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 55(9): 1-10. [in Chinese] | |
俞春来, 何 洁, 刘乐乐, 等. 松材线虫雌虫尾尖突变化综述. 安徽农业科学, 2017, 45 (27): 168- 171.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2017.27.052 |
|
Yu C L, He J, Liu L L, et al. Report of variation of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus female tail shape. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences, 2017, 45 (27): 168- 171.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2017.27.052 |
|
张利军, 李丫丫, 马瑞燕, 等. 3种寄主上桃蚜的选择性及形态分化. 生态学报, 2015, 35 (5): 1547- 1553. | |
Zhang L J, Li Y Y, Ma R Y, et al. Performance and morphological differentiation of Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on three types of host plants. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2015, 35 (5): 1547- 1553. | |
张星耀, 骆有庆. 2003. 中国森林重大生物灾害. 北京: 中国林业出版社. | |
Zhang X Y, Luo Y Q. 2003. Major forest diseases and insect pests in China. Beijing: China Forestry Publishing House. [in Chinese] | |
张 旭, 赵京京, 闫 峻, 等. 2017年中国大陆松材线虫病灾害经济损失评估. 北京林业大学学报, 2020, 42 (10): 96- 106. | |
Zhang X, Zhao J J, Yan J, et al. Economic loss assessment of pine wilt disease in mainland China in 2017. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2020, 42 (10): 96- 106. | |
Abelleira A, Picoaga A, Mansilla J P, et al. Detection of Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus, causal agent of pine wilt disease on Pinus pinaster in northwestern Spain. Plant Disease, 2011, 95 (6): 776- 776. | |
Bogale M, Baniya A, Digennaro P. Nematode identification techniques and recent advances. Plants, 2020, 9 (10): 1260- 1275.
doi: 10.3390/plants9101260 |
|
Braasch H. Bursaphelenchus species in conifers in Europe: distribution and morphological relationships. EPPO bulletin, 2001, 31 (2): 127- 142.
doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2338.2001.tb00982.x |
|
Collins M M. Interpretation of wing pattern elements in relation to bird predation on adult Hyalophora (Saturniidae). Journal of the Lepidopterists Society, 2013, 67 (1): 49- 50.
doi: 10.18473/lepi.v67i1.a6 |
|
De Guiran G, Bruguier N. 1989. Hybridization and phylogeny of the pine wood nematode (Bursaphelenchus spp.). Nematologica, 35(3): 321-330. | |
Dujardin J. 2011.Modern morphometrics of medically important insects. Genetics and Evolution of Infectious Disease. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 473−501. | |
Figueiredo J, Simões M J, Gomes P, et al. Assessment of the geographic origins of pinewood nematode isolates via single nucleotide polymorphism in effector genes. PLoS ONE, 2013, 8 (12): e83542.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083542 |
|
Gibert P, Debat V, Ghalambor C K. Phenotypic plasticity, global change, and the speed of adaptive evolution. Current Opinion in Insect Science, 2019, 35, 34- 40.
doi: 10.1016/j.cois.2019.06.007 |
|
Hodkinson I D. Terrestrial insects along elevation gradients: species and community responses to altitude. Biological Reviews, 2005, 80 (3): 489- 513.
doi: 10.1017/S1464793105006767 |
|
Khaliq A M, Javed M, Sohail M, et al. Environmental effects on insects and their population dynamics. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 2014, 2 (2): 1- 7. | |
Kim B, Kim J H, Ahn J, et al. A short review of the pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. Toxicology and Environmental Health Sciences, 2020, 12 (4): 297- 304.
doi: 10.1007/s13530-020-00068-0 |
|
Kong Q, Ding X, Chen Y, et al. Comparison of morphological indexes and the pathogenicity of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus in northern and southern China. Forests, 2021, 12 (3): 310- 324.
doi: 10.3390/f12030310 |
|
Kumar A, Guleria S, Ghosh D, et al. Managing reactive oxygen species-Some learnings from high altitude extremophytes. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 2021, 189, 104525.
doi: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2021.104525 |
|
Laparie M, Lebouvier M, Lalouette L, et al. Variation of morphometric traits in populations of an invasive carabid predator (Merizodus soledadinus) within a sub-Antarctic island. Biological Invasions, 2010, 12 (10): 3405- 3417.
doi: 10.1007/s10530-010-9739-2 |
|
Laparie M, Renault D, Lebouvier M, et al. Is dispersal promoted at the invasion front? Morphological analysis of a ground beetle invading the Kerguelen Islands, Merizodus soledadinus (Coleoptera, Carabidae). Biological Invasions, 2013, 15 (8): 1641- 1648.
doi: 10.1007/s10530-012-0403-x |
|
Lee J, Sekhon S S, Kim J H, et al. The pine wood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and molecular diagnostic methods. Molecular & Cellular Toxicology, 2021, 17 (1): 1- 13. | |
Magnúsdóttir H, Pálsson S, Westfall K M, et al. Morphological variation in genetically divergent populations of the common whelk, Buccinum undatum (Gastropoda: Buccinidae), across the North Atlantic. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2019, 128 (1): 93- 106.
doi: 10.1093/biolinnean/blz095 |
|
Shi X, Ding X, Shi L, et al. Effects of several chemicals on the migration behavior of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner & Buhrer) nickle. Forests, 2021, 12 (6): 771.
doi: 10.3390/f12060771 |
|
Sturmbauer C, Meyer A. Genetic divergence, speciation and morphological stasis in a lineage of African cichlid fishes. Nature, 1992, 358 (6387): 578- 581.
doi: 10.1038/358578a0 |
|
Wingfield M J, Blanchette A R, Kondo E. Comparison of the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus from pine and balsam fir. Forest Pathology, 1983, 13, 360- 372.
doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0329.1983.tb00137.x |
|
Yang M, Chen X, Huo W, et al. Morphological variation versus genetic divergence: a taxonomic implication for Mogannia species (Cicadidae: Cicadinae). Systematics and Biodiversity, 2014, 12 (4): 456- 472.
doi: 10.1080/14772000.2014.946980 |
[1] | 钟伟良, 庞凯飞, 鲁建斌, 范忠轰, 孙士淼, 邵蝴蝶, 胡加付. 松材线虫mix-1基因的表达特性与生物学功能[J]. 林业科学, 2025, 61(1): 150-158. |
[2] | 谢婉滢,刘文萍,王晗. 无人机松林图像早期松材线虫病害检测[J]. 林业科学, 2024, 60(9): 124-133. |
[3] | 马亚平,冯学瑞,高捍东,宋丽华,曹兵. 模拟CO2浓度和温度升高对宁夏枸杞果实品质形成的影响[J]. 林业科学, 2024, 60(3): 1-9. |
[4] | 王佳楠,姜生伟,张瑞芝,李德斌,吴昊,徐昭,张亿珍,王家庆,李丹蕾,王峰. 松材线虫潜育期延长导致红松越年枯死[J]. 林业科学, 2024, 60(10): 67-75. |
[5] | 杨雪晴, 刘文义, 陈静, 孙士淼, 周立峰, 胡加付. 松材线虫cul-1基因的表达特性与功能[J]. 林业科学, 2023, 59(9): 95-105. |
[6] | 李俊楠,陈润恺,付煜,蔡梦玲,黄炳荣,徐云,吴松青,张飞萍. 松天牛小首螨的研究Ⅲ.携播特性[J]. 林业科学, 2022, 58(9): 128-137. |
[7] | 丁晓磊,汪青桐,林司曦,赵瑞文,张悦,叶建仁. 广东省与江苏省松材线虫种群遗传结构差异分析[J]. 林业科学, 2022, 58(8): 1-9. |
[8] | 曹业凡,王曦茁,汪来发,汪祥,徐明,苏胜荣,郭伟. 不同致病力松材线虫对红松早期防御酶活性影响[J]. 林业科学, 2022, 58(8): 10-17. |
[9] | 倪安顺,王永春,杨丹,孙学书,叶建仁. 一种新型复配药剂2%阿维菌素·6%氟吡菌酰胺对松材线虫毒力药效[J]. 林业科学, 2022, 58(8): 18-25. |
[10] | 李俊楠,陈润恺,付煜,蔡梦玲,黄炳荣,徐云,吴松青,张飞萍. 松天牛小首螨的研究Ⅱ.雌成螨的移动和趋性[J]. 林业科学, 2022, 58(8): 149-156. |
[11] | 李俊楠,朱禹臻,陈润恺,付煜,蔡梦玲,黄炳荣,徐云,吴松青,张飞萍. 松天牛小首螨的研究Ⅰ.生物学特性[J]. 林业科学, 2022, 58(6): 79-87. |
[12] | 马芮,刘文义,余红仕,周立峰,胡加付. 拟松材线虫G蛋白α亚基Bmu-gpa-1表达特性及功能[J]. 林业科学, 2022, 58(4): 95-103. |
[13] | 王旻嘉,叶建仁,涂煜昇,杜方平. 处理松材线虫病疫木的木腐真菌筛选[J]. 林业科学, 2021, 57(6): 93-102. |
[14] | 任利利,陶静,武海卫,宗世祥,王传珍,华德,石娟,刘漪舟,骆有庆. 重大害虫长林小蠹入侵我国的首次发现与侵染特征[J]. 林业科学, 2021, 57(5): 140-150. |
[15] | 贺然,王瑞珍,应玥,曲良建,张永安. 伊氏线虫真菌碳氮条件下的表型和毒力基因表达差异[J]. 林业科学, 2021, 57(4): 107-115. |
阅读次数 | ||||||
全文 |
|
|||||
摘要 |
|
|||||