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林业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (1): 137-149.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20220760

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

浙江省不同发生区松材线虫表型变异

李志红1,2(),张威1,赵新康3,舒金平1,*(),王浩杰1   

  1. 1. 中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所 杭州 311400
    2. 南京林业大学 南京 210037
    3. 浙江农林大学 杭州 311300
  • 收稿日期:2022-11-07 出版日期:2025-01-25 发布日期:2025-02-09
  • 通讯作者: 舒金平 E-mail:lizhihong927@126.com;jpshu@caf.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    浙江省重点研发计划项目(2020C02007)。

Phenotypic Variation of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus in Different Occurrence Areas of Zhejiang Province

Zhihong Li1,2(),Wei Zhang1,Xinkang Zhao3,Jinping Shu1,*(),Haojie Wang1   

  1. 1. Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry Hangzhou 311400
    2. Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037
    3. Zhejiang A & F University Hangzhou 311300
  • Received:2022-11-07 Online:2025-01-25 Published:2025-02-09
  • Contact: Jinping Shu E-mail:lizhihong927@126.com;jpshu@caf.ac.cn

摘要:

目的: 探究不同发生区不同地形条件下松材线虫表型变异和形态特征分化规律,为揭示松材线虫形态适应机制和表型溯源可行性提供参考。方法: 选定松材线虫入侵较早的浙江省为抽样区,对省内松材线虫疫区进行划分,以松材线虫入侵时间和地形为指标选定省内18个区县19个采样点作为样本采集点,通过采集浙江省内不同入侵时间、不同地形的松材线虫进行分离和纯化,测定雌、雄成虫与个体发育、取食、生殖相关的体长、体宽、中食道球宽、口针长、尾长、肛门处体宽、交合刺长7个形态学指标,采用变异分析、聚类分析等方法,探究松材线虫的形态适应性,明确差异性形态指标。结果: 1) 浙江省不同地区松材线虫存在丰富的表型变异,松材线虫雌虫在多个形态指标上显著大于雄虫;变异分析结果显示,松材线虫的形态变异优先发生在与取食相关的形态指标上,在雌、雄虫形态指标中,中食道球宽及口针长变异较大,体长和尾长变化较为稳定,交合刺长是松材线虫雄虫变异较小的形态指标。2) 多指标的层次聚类分析显示,19个采样点的松材线虫雌、雄成虫均分为不同的3支,但雌、雄虫层次聚类结果不一致,松材线虫雄虫聚类结果呈现与个体生殖指标相关,雌虫聚类结果呈现与个体生长发育指标相关,聚类结果与松材线虫的入侵时间及定殖地形之间未表现出明显的规律性,PLS-DA分析结果显示,体长、体宽以及尾长是雌虫聚类的主要形态指标,体长、尾长以及交合刺长是雄虫聚类的主要形态指标。3) 松材线虫在环境适应中,形态会发生变化,北部松材线虫种群体型大于南部种群,定殖区松材线虫体型大于入侵区,海拔对松材线虫雌虫形态有影响。4) 雌、雄成虫在环境适应中,雌虫形态形成差异性的速率大于雄虫,雌性的形态变异趋向于个体生长发育,而雄虫则趋向于生殖发育。结论: 地形及入侵时间会对松材线虫形态产生影响,松材线虫形态变异主要发生在与取食相关的特征上,体长、尾长、交合刺长等变异较小的形态特征可能是松材线虫大范围表型溯源的关键指标,雌、雄成虫形态变异程度及方向不一致。

关键词: 松材线虫, 松材线虫病, 形态特征, 表型变异, 形态分化

Abstract:

Objective: This study aims to reveal the morphological adaptation mechanism and provide important information for phenotypic tracing of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, by investigating the morphological characteristics and phenotypic variation of B. xylophilus under different terrain conditions in different infected areas. Method: Zhejiang Province, where the pine wood nematode invaded earlier, was selected as the sampling area. The pine wood nematode epidemic areas in Zhejiang Province were divided into 18 districts and 19 regions based on the invasion time and the topographic habitats of pine wood nematode, where the samples were collected and the nematode was isolated and purified. Seven morphological indices related to adult female and male nematodes, individual development, feeding, and reproduction were determined. These indices included body length, body width, median bulb width, stylet length, tail length, anus body width, and spicule length. The phenotypic variation of B. xylophilus was analyzed by hierarchical cluster analysis and variation analysis to identify distinct morphological indicators. Result: 1) There are abundant phenotypic variations in B. xylophilus adults in different regions of Zhejiang Province, and female nematodes were significantly larger than males in several morphological indices. The results of variation analysis showed that the morphological variation of B. xylophilus primarily occurred in feeding-related morphological indices. Among the morphological indicators of female and male nematodes, median bulb width and stylet length of male and female adults varied significantly, while the body length and tail length were relatively stable morphological indicators. The spicule length was a morphological feature with less variation in male pine wood nematodes. 2) Hierarchical clustering analysis with multiple indicators showed that the female and male adult pine wood nematodes from the 19 sampling regions were all divided into three different clusters, but the clustering results of female and male were inconsistent. The clustering results of male nematodes were related to individual reproductive indices, while those of female nematodes were related to individual growth and development indices. There was randomness in relation to the invasion time and colonization habitat of the pine wood nematodes. PLS-DA analysis indicates that body length, body width, and tail length were the main morphological indicators for clustering female nematodes, while body length, tail length, and spicule length were the main indicators for clustering male nematodes. 3) The morphology of B. xylophilus changed in environmental adaptation, with the nematode morphology of northern populations larger than that of southern populations, and the morphology of nematodes in colonized areas larger than that in invaded areas. Altitude had an impact on the morphology of female. 4) In environmental adaptation, the rate of morphological differentiation in females was greater than that in males. The morphological variation of females tended towards individual growth and development, while that of males tended towards reproductive development. Conclusion: Terrain and invasion time affect the morphology of pine wood nematode, and the significant phenotype variations of B. xylophilus mainly occur in the morphological characteristics related to feeding. Body length, tail length and spicule length may be key morphological features for phenotype tracing of B. xylophilus on a large scale. The degree and direction of variation in female and male adults are inconsistent.

Key words: Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, pine wood disease, morphological characteristics, phenotypic variation, morphological diversifications

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