关键词: 湿加松, 产脂量, 松脂成分, 增脂剂, 气相色谱质谱分析

Abstract:

Objective: This paper aims to investigate the relationship of the oleoresin yield and monoterpenoid composition of Pinus elliottii × P. caribaea between different locations and different stimulating pastes, and explores a mild, effective and cost-efficient stimulating pastes suitable for the hybrid pine in Guangdong. Method: Experiments with different types of stimulating pastes, such as potassium sulfate(K₂SO₄), benzoic acid mixture(BA) and ethylene glycol(CEPA), were carried out in hybrid pine plantations suitable for oleoresin tapping at three sites in Guangdong, Haifeng, Shixing and Yangjiang, respectively. The tree diameter at 1.7 m height and oleoresin yield by hybrid pine was measured per individual at three sites and four treatments, and the rate of increase of oleoresin was estimated by each stimulating paste. The samples of oleoresin were collected for monoterpene composition identification and their relative contents were identified by the GC-MS. Result: 1) Compared with the control group, K₂SO₄, benzoic acid mixture and CEPA stimulating pastes had significantly increased oleoresin yield, with CEPA having the most stable yield increase, K₂SO₄ the second and benzoic acid mixture the worst. In inter-site comparisons, Haifeng had the best yield increase with stimulate paste, Yangjiang the second and Shixing the worst. 2) The oleoresin yield of hybrid pine was positively correlated with the tree diameter at 1.7 m. When compared to the control groups, the correlation coefficient between the oleoresin yield and the tree diameter at 1.7 m was increased in the treated groups regardless of the type of stimulating pastes used at Haifeng and Yangjiang sites, while decreased at Shixing. 3) Composed with control group, the use of stimulate paste did not change the main pine oleoresin monoterpene composition and their relative content of hybrid pine, though all of the three treatment groups could generate α-Terpineol. Likewise, there were significant differences in the relative content of individual pine oleoresin monoterpene components, namely α-pinene, β-pinene, α-phellandrene, β-phellandrene and β-myrcene, in hybrid pine from different sites, and there is no detection of 3-carene. Conclusion: In Guangdong, CEPA, K₂SO₄ or benzoic acid mixture can be used to increase yield with the premise of quality unaffected. Although CEPA has the best effect on yield, the cost of raw materials is higher than K₂SO₄ and the effect is only slightly higher than K₂SO₄ at the plantations in Shixing and Yangjiang, while K₂SO₄ is the best in Haifeng. Therefore, K₂SO₄ is the most suitable stimulating paste for the hybrid pine in Guangdong Province. The proper use of stimulate paste can stimulate the oleoresin production potential of hybrid pine without affecting the monoterpene composition and content ratio of hybrid pine oleoresin.

Key words: Pinus elliottii × P. caribaea, oleoresin yield, oleoresin monoterpene components, stimulating pastes, GC-MS analysis