散射辐射对杨树人工林生态系统总初级生产力的影响

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20210754

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 在量化生态系统阳冠层和阴冠层光合参数的基础上，通过探究其季节动态变化和主要生物物理调控因子，揭示散射辐射变化对杨树人工林生态系统总初级生产力（ GPP）的影响，为人工林生态系统服务功能和碳汇能力的准确评估提供参考。方法: 以北京顺义区共青林场的杨树人工林生态系统为研究对象，利用涡度相关技术和微气象观测系统，对生态系统碳循环过程和生物物理因素进行了连续4年（2015—2018年）的定位观测；采用非线性拟合方法将生态系统最大光合速率（A_max）和表观量子效率（α）拆分为受直接辐射（A_max,dir、α_dir）和散射辐射（A_max,dif、α_dif）影响的两部分。由于直角双曲线模型（Michaelis-Menten model）在模拟GPP时会出现不饱和现象，本研究采用PAR为2 000 μmol·m^–2s^–1时的GPP作为最大光合速率（A₂₀₀₀）。结果: 采用晴空指数和太阳高度角模拟的散射辐射与实测值接近（斜率为0.82，R² = 0.87，RMSE = 51.67 W·m^–2，P< 0.01）。2015—2018年生长季杨树人工林的α_dif、A_2000,dir和A_2000,dif呈先增加后减小的变化趋势，α_dif和A_2000,dif显著高于α_dir和A_2000,dir（p_α = 0.02；p_A2000 = 0.03），α_dif/α_dir和A_2000,dif/A_2000,dir分别为5.6和6.1，二者的比例在夏季表现出明显差异。生长季GPP呈单峰变化模式，且GPP与A_2000,dif显著相关（P< 0.01），随着PAR_dif/PAR_dir的增加，GPP显著增加（P< 0.01）。在夏季，A_2000,dif主要受T_a的影响，随着T_a的增加而增加（偏相关系数为0.74，R² = 0.49，P < 0.05）；在春季和秋季，LAI主导着 A_2000,dif的变化（偏相关系数为0.69，R² = 0.53，P < 0.01），而Prestley-Taylor系数（ η）和晴空指数（CI）无论是在春秋还是夏季，对A_2000,dif都无显著影响。结论: α和A₂₀₀₀会随季节发生变化，散射辐射对A₂₀₀₀和α的影响要显著高于直接辐射的影响，且在生长季中期更加明显，A_2000,dif在春秋季和夏季的变化分别主要受生物因素（LAI）和环境因素（T_a）主导。A_2000,dif是调控GPP变化的最关键因素，因此，散射辐射是影响该人工林生态系统光合生产力的重要环境因素。

关键词: 散射辐射, 表观量子效率, 最大光合速率, 总初级生产力, 杨树人工林

Abstract:

Objective: Intensive human activities have resulted in significant changes in aerosols and particulate matter content in the atmosphere, thereby posing an important impact on the total amount and proportion of global diffuse radiation. In this study, based on the clarification of the canopy photosynthetic parameters corresponding to the radiation components, the seasonal dynamics and the main biophysical regulators were explored to gain insight into the effects of diffuse radiation on the gross primary productivity (GPP) of a poplar plantation, providing a reference for the accurate assessment of ecosystem functions and carbon sink of plantations in the future. Method: The carbon cycling processes and biophysical factors of a poplar (Populus × euramericanacv. '74/76') plantation in Gongqing Farmland, Shunyi District, Beijing, were observed for the consecutive four years (2015—2018). A nonlinear fitting method was used to split the ecosystem maximum photosynthetic rate (A_max) and apparent quantum efficiency (α) into two components influenced by direct radiation (A_max,dir, α_dir) and diffuse radiation (A_max,dif, α_dif), respectively. Since the rectangle hyperbola light response model (Michaelis-Menten model) would appear unsaturated phenomenon when simulating GPP, GPP at PAR of 2 000 μmol·m^–2s^–1 was used as the maximum photosynthetic rate (A₂₀₀₀) in this study. Result: In this study, simulated diffuse radiation based on clearness index and solar altitude angle was found to be consistent with the measured values (slope 0.82, R² = 0.87, RMSE = 51.67 W·m^–2, P < 0.01). The α _dif, A_2000,dir and A_2000,dif of this poplar plantation during the growing season showed an increasing trend and then a decreasing trend. The α_dif and A_2000,dif were significantly higher than α_dir and A_2000,dir (P_α = 0.02; P_A2000 = 0.03). The α_dif/α_dir and A_2000,dif/A_2000,dir were 5.6 and 6.1, respectively, and the two ratios showed significant differences in summer. The growing season GPP showed a single-peaked variation pattern during the study period, and GPP was significantly correlated with A_2000,dif only (P < 0.01), and GPP showed a significant increasing trend with increasing PAR _dif/PAR_dir (P < 0.01). In summer, A _2000,dif was mainly influenced by T_a and increased with the increase of T_a (partial correlation coefficient = 0.74, R² = 0.49, P < 0.05); in spring and autumn, LAI dominated the change in A_2000,dif (partial correlation coefficient = 0.69, R² = 0.53, P < 0.01). In contrast, the Prestley-Taylor coefficient ( η) and clearness index (CI) had no significant effect on A_2000,dif in either spring and autumn or summer. Conclusion: α and A₂₀₀₀ show significant seasonal trends. The effects of diffuse radiation on A₂₀₀₀ and α are significantly higher than those of direct radiation, and are more pronounced in the middle of the growing season. The changes of A_2000,dif in spring and autumn, and summer are mainly dominated by biological factors (LAI) and environmental factors (T_a), respectively. A_2000,dif is the most critical factor regulating GPP changes, thus diffuse radiation is the key radiation component affecting photosynthetic productivity in this poplar plantation.

Key words: diffuse radiation, apparent quantum yield, maximum photosynthetic rates, gross primary productivity, poplar plantation

中图分类号:

S718.43

万家鸣,律江,石云,许行,张志强. 散射辐射对杨树人工林生态系统总初级生产力的影响[J]. 林业科学, 2023, 59(5): 1-10.

Jiaming Wan,Jiang Lü,Yun Shi,Hang Xu,Zhiqiang Zhang. Effects of Diffuse Radiation on the Gross Primary Productivity of a Poplar Plantation[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2023, 59(5): 1-10.

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	α_dir	α_dif	A_2000,dir	A_2000,dif
偏相关系数 Partial regression coefficient	0.18	0.33	–0.35	0.57**
显著系数 P-value	0.384	0.105	0.091	0.003

	T_a	LAI	η	CI
春秋 Spring and autumn	?0.40	0.69**	?0.54	0.37
夏 Summer	0.74*	0.13	0.14	?0.55

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