小叶黄杨越冬叶片呈色及其温光影响因子

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20210206

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 研究3个小叶黄杨品种越冬叶片呈色及其温光影响因子，探索决定小叶黄杨冬季叶片变红的温光临界值，为北方冬季常绿阔叶植物应用和绿色景观提升提供理论依据。方法: 2011—2013年连续2个越冬返青时期（第1年10月—次年3月）对3个小叶黄杨品种种植地的温度和5种不同遮光处理下叶片的光照条件进行实时监测，并对同时期叶片呈红指数和叶片解剖结构进行动态观测，通过相关性分析和线性拟合，探讨种植地温光环境与小叶黄杨越冬叶片呈色之间的关系。结果: 3个小叶黄杨品种越冬返青具有不同呈色表现，其中‘绿美’保绿效果最好，‘阳光’变红程度中等但返青最晚，‘冬绿’越冬变红严重但返青最早；3个品种越冬叶片变红与温度变化直接相关，且叶片近轴侧变红的临界温度均较远轴侧更低。其中‘绿美’叶片变红临界温度最低（近轴侧0.67~1.55℃，远轴侧5.25~7.68℃），‘阳光’和‘冬绿’近轴侧和远轴侧表现具有差异，其中‘阳光’近轴侧为4.33~6.42℃，远轴侧为8.43~9.41℃，而‘冬绿’近轴侧为4.16~4.98℃，远轴侧为9.41~10.23℃；3个品种叶片呈红指数RI均随着光照强度的下降而降低。结论: 3个小叶黄杨品种冬季变红程度由高到低依次为‘冬绿’、‘阳光’和‘绿美’，对3个品种叶片变红的温、光因子进行量化，其叶片冬季变红程度与临界温度值呈正相关，3个品种叶片呈红指数RI值随着光照强度的降低而降低，表明越冬期间小叶黄杨叶片变红与冬季的低温和相对高光的相互作用密切相关，3个品种的阳生叶越冬期间呈色表现不同，反映出它们在低温和相对高光双重胁迫环境下的耐受性及敏感程度存在差异。在北方园林应用时，小叶黄杨适宜种植在庇荫环境下，有利于其冬季维持较好的绿色景观。

关键词: 小叶黄杨, 越冬, 叶片呈色, 温光因子, 园林应用

Abstract:

Objective: In this study, the influence of temperature and light on leaf coloration of three cultivars of Buxus mircophylla during overwintering was studied. The threshold value of the temperature and light on B. mircophylla leaf reddening in winter was explored. This study aims to provide a theoretical basis for the application of evergreen broad-leaved plants in witer and the promotion of green landscape in northern China. Method: From 2011 to 2013, the temperature of the three cultivars of B. mircophylla and the illumination conditions of the leaves under five different shading treatments were monitored in two consecutive overwintering and regreening periods (from October of the first year to March of the following year). Meanwhile, the redness index and anatomical structure of leaves were observed dynamically during the periods. Correlation analysis and linear fitting were used to investigate the relationship between the temperature, light and the leaf coloration of the Buxus mircophylla during overwintering. Result: The three cultivars appeared different leaf coloration in winter, among which 'Greenbeauty' maintained the best greening effect, 'Sunnyside' performed a moderate redness in winter but retruned green the latest in spring, and 'Wintergreen' turned red seriously in winter but returned green the earliest in spring. The reddening of the wintering leaves of the three cultivars was directly related to temperature changes, and the critical temperature for the leaf reddening on the adaxial side was lower than that on the abaxial side. Among them, the critical temperature for leaf redness of 'Greenbeauty' was the lowest (0.67-1.55 ℃ on the adaxial side and 5.25-7.68 ℃ on the abaxial side), different performances were presented on the adaxial and abaxial sides of 'Sunnyside' and 'Wintergreen'. Among them, the critical temperature of 'Sunnyside' leaves was 4.33-6.42 ℃ on the adaxial side and 8.43-9.41 ℃ on the abaxial side; the critical temperature of 'Wintergreen' leaves was 4.16-4.98 ℃ on the adaxial side and 9.41-10.23 ℃ on the abaxial side. The red index (RI) of the leaves of the three cultivars decreased with the light intensity. Conclusion: The leaf reddening of the three cultivars of B. mircophylla is closely related to the interaction between low temperature and relatively high light during the overwintering. The sunny leaves of three cultivars show differences in leaf coloration, reflecting their different tolerance to low temperature + high light and the sensitivity of the leaves. These results suggest that B. mircophylla should be planted under a sheltered environment which is conducive to maintaining a good green landscape in winter.

Key words: Buxus microphylla, overwintering, leaf coloration, temperature and light, landscape application

中图分类号:

S718.43

彭金根,姜雪茹,谢利娟,刘燕. 小叶黄杨越冬叶片呈色及其温光影响因子[J]. 林业科学, 2021, 57(2): 49-61.

Jingen Peng,Xueru Jiang,Lijuan Xie,Yan Liu. Influence of Temperature and Light on Leaf Coloration of Buxus microphylla During Overwintering[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2021, 57(2): 49-61.

图/表 10

图1

图2

图3

表1

越冬返青期间3个小叶黄杨品种叶片呈红指数(RI)值①"

品种 Cultivars	处理 Treatments	呈红指数Redness index (RI)
		100% SUL		50%~60% SSUL		30%~40% SSUL		1%~10% SHL
		Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅰ	Ⅱ
	2011-10-23	0.335±0.004	0.355±0.017	0.334±0.010	0.355±0.007	0.334±0.011	0.354±0.006	0.326±0.016	0.348±0.011
	2011-11-23	0.345±0.009	0.366±0.011	0.344±0.013	0.362±0.007	0.341±0.011	0.364±0.010	0.328±0.007	0.355±0.012
‘绿美’	2011-12-23	0.355±0.017	0.375±0.012	0.349±0.011	0.367±0.007	0.346±0.010	0.367±0.012	0.331±0.013	0.359±0.02
‘Greenbeauty’	2012-01-28	0.357±0.015	0.382±0.010	0.351±0.012	0.375±0.013	0.347±0.010	0.370±0.010	0.332±0.009	0.359±0.018
	2012-02-23	0.355±0.008	0.381±0.008	0.349±0.011	0.374±0.011	0.344±0.011	0.371±0.010	0.331±0.009	0.358±0.014
	2012-03-23	0.345±0.012	0.372±0.012	0.342±0.011	0.364±0.010	0.340±0.011	0.361±0.011	0.330±0.009	0.359±0.009

	2011-10-23	0.313±0.012	0.361±0.015	0.310±0.015	0.358±0.012	0.310±0.012	0.357±0.009	0.305±0.007	0.340±0.013
	2011-11-23	0.361±0.012	0.385±0.013	0.332±0.010	0.376±0.012	0.330±0.013	0.366±0.012	0.313±0.015	0.345±0.010
‘阳光’	2011-12-23	0.373±0.011	0.396±0.012	0.363±0.013	0.379±0.016	0.356±0.006	0.371±0.006	0.317±0.013	0.350±0.012
‘Sunnyside’	2012-01-28	0.377±0.015	0.398±0.021	0.365±0.012	0.387±0.011	0.360±0.010	0.376±0.008	0.321±0.012	0.352±0.013
	2012-02-23	0.373±0.008	0.395±0.013	0.356±0.013	0.384±0.013	0.352±0.015	0.363±0.014	0.320±0.008	0.351±0.015
	2012-03-23	0.349±0.013	0.367±0.016	0.342±0.016	0.360±0.011	0.337±0.009	0.355±0.014	0.320±0.015	0.350±0.012

	2011-10-23	0.321±0.010	0.364±0.015	0.320±0.005	0.363±0.009	0.320±0.008	0.361±0.008	0.316±0.015	0.343±0.009
	2011-11-23	0.360±0.008	0.392±0.018	0.351±0.012	0.385±0.009	0.349±0.010	0.376±0.011	0.330±0.009	0.350±0.017
‘冬绿’	2011-12-23	0.372±0.011	0.399±0.013	0.360±0.007	0.393±0.012	0.353±0.015	0.378±0.007	0.333±0.018	0.355±0.016
‘Wintergreen’	2012-01-28	0.377±0.008	0.400±0.012	0.370±0.020	0.392±0.007	0.363±0.007	0.379±0.007	0.333±0.014	0.356±0.010
	2012-02-23	0.377±0.010	0.393±0.012	0.370±0.010	0.391±0.008	0.362±0.012	0.376±0.013	0.333±0.009	0.355±0.007
	2012-03-23	0.335±0.008	0.368±0.010	0.333±0.009	0.363±0.011	0.331±0.009	0.357±0.010	0.327±0.012	0.355±0.010

表1

表2

越冬返青期间3个小叶黄杨品种叶片呈红指数(RI)值"

品种 Cultivars	处理 Treatments	呈红指数Redness index (RI)
		100% SUL		50%~60% SSUL		30%~40% SSUL		10%~20% SSHL		1%~10% SHL
		Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅰ	Ⅱ
	2012-10-26	0.334±0.008	0.355±0.011	0.334±0.006	0.354±0.008	0.333±0.014	0.353±0.012	0.332±0.007	0.353±0.015	0.330±0.009	0.351±0.008
	2012-11-23	0.345±0.007	0.378±0.008	0.341±0.006	0.373±0.012	0.337±0.013	0.364±0.011	0.333±0.011	0.359±0.010	0.332±0.015	0.354±0.009
‘绿美’	2012-12-23	0.358±0.020	0.381±0.010	0.347±0.007	0.375±0.006	0.344±0.011	0.367±0.006	0.336±0.010	0.361±0.014	0.332±0.012	0.357±0.011
‘Greenbeauty’	2013-01-22	0.358±0.016	0.384±0.006	0.350±0.013	0.379±0.015	0.345±0.011	0.369±0.011	0.335±0.011	0.362±0.010	0.333±0.006	0.357±0.011
	2013-02-23	0.353±0.014	0.382±0.009	0.346±0.011	0.373±0.008	0.341±0.007	0.367±0.016	0.334±0.007	0.361±0.009	0.332±0.010	0.358±0.004
	2013-03-24	0.345±0.007	0.362±0.009	0.338±0.010	0.361±0.014	0.334±0.007	0.360±0.011	0.333±0.009	0.359±0.012	0.331±0.006	0.357±0.007

	2012-10-26	0.341±0.007	0.363±0.015	0.341±0.006	0.362±0.006	0.339±0.008	0.361±0.015	0.338±0.016	0.360±0.007	0.331±0.010	0.357±0.007
	2012-11-23	0.367±0.015	0.388±0.007	0.354±0.008	0.384±0.012	0.350±0.008	0.380±0.016	0.343±0.014	0.374±0.009	0.335±0.010	0.358±0.008
‘阳光’	2012-12-23	0.380±0.007	0.398±0.011	0.362±0.007	0.391±0.004	0.355±0.006	0.384±0.013	0.343±0.017	0.380±0.009	0.335±0.011	0.359±0.008
‘Sunnyside’	2013-01-22	0.376±0.011	0.400±0.004	0.365±0.007	0.393±0.010	0.352±0.007	0.385±0.008	0.341±0.006	0.378±0.010	0.334±0.013	0.361±0.012
	2013-02-23	0.37±0.011	0.396±0.007	0.355±0.015	0.390±0.007	0.348±0.009	0.380±0.007	0.340±0.016	0.373±0.010	0.333±0.010	0.360±0.003
	2013-03-24	0.349±0.011	0.368±0.010	0.338±0.011	0.366±0.012	0.332±0.007	0.360±0.015	0.333±0.012	0.359±0.009	0.333±0.014	0.359±0.008

	2012-10-26	0.335±0.011	0.364±0.008	0.334±0.012	0.363±0.012	0.334±0.011	0.363±0.006	0.332±0.010	0.363±0.014	0.329±0.007	0.351±0.011
	2012-11-23	0.358±0.010	0.395±0.010	0.350±0.012	0.392±0.008	0.344±0.010	0.388±0.017	0.342±0.012	0.370±0.011	0.331±0.006	0.351±0.010
‘冬绿’	2012-12-23	0.374±0.003	0.403±0.015	0.365±0.012	0.401±0.006	0.357±0.008	0.389±0.009	0.350±0.011	0.380±0.010	0.334±0.011	0.354±0.011
‘Wintergreen’	2013-01-22	0.380±0.011	0.406±0.014	0.372±0.007	0.400±0.009	0.360±0.012	0.390±0.006	0.351±0.010	0.378±0.014	0.336±0.009	0.359±0.012
	2013-02-23	0.379±0.013	0.399±0.009	0.371±0.009	0.395±0.011	0.360±0.007	0.382±0.008	0.350±0.011	0.375±0.009	0.333±0.010	0.358±0.011
	2013-03-24	0.347±0.015	0.373±0.009	0.344±0.006	0.359±0.005	0.341±0.009	0.358±0.010	0.332±0.010	0.356±0.014	0.329±0.009	0.356±0.014

表2

表3

表4

表5

表6

图4

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观测年份 Year	处理 Treatments	100% SUL		50%~60% SSUL		30%~40% SSUL		10%~20% SSUL		1%~10% SHL
观测年份 Year	处理 Treatments	Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅰ	Ⅱ
2011—2012	‘绿美’‘Greenbeauty’	0.907^***	0.926^***	0.958^***	0.785^***	0.979^***	0.727^***	—	—	0.741^***	0.700^***
	‘阳光’‘Sunnyside’	0.947^***	0.902^***	0.852^***	0.841^***	0.870^***	0.745^***	—	—	0.580^**	0.701^***
	‘冬绿’‘Wintergreen’	0.899^***	0.887^***	0.879^***	0.805^***	0.888^***	0.719^***	—	—	0.901^***	0.671^**
2012—2013	‘绿美’‘Greenbeauty’	0.963^***	0.854^***	0.904^***	0.849^***	0.863^***	0.917^***	0.910^***	0.906^***	0.833^***	0.591^**
	‘阳光’‘Sunnyside’	0.935^***	0.882^***	0.785^***	0.863^***	0.593^**	0.765^***	0.354^*	0.799^***	0.570^**	0.573^**
	‘冬绿’‘Wintergreen’	0.889^***	0.884^***	0.852^***	0.766^***	0.865^***	0.658^**	0.853^***	0.715^***	0.772^***	0.378^*

观测年份 Year	处理 Treatments	100% SUL		50%~60% SSUL		30%~40% SSUL		10%~20% SSUL		1%~10% SHL
观测年份 Year	处理 Treatments	Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅰ	Ⅱ
2011—2012	‘绿美’‘Green beauty’	0.037	0.064	0.040	0.196	0.020	0.276	—	—	0.188	0.266
	‘阳光’‘Sunnyside’	0.031	0.013	0.072	0.007	0.072	0.112	—	—	0.444^*	0.284
	‘冬绿’‘Wintergreen’	0.001	0.051	0.004	0.070	0.005	0.144	—	—	0.040	0.304
2012—2013	‘绿美’‘Green beauty’	0.301	0.430^*	0.336^*	0.511^**	0.469^*	0.298	0.409^*	0.201	0.524^*	0.000
	‘阳光’‘Sunnyside’	0.551^**	0.485^*	0.706^***	0.480^*	0.779^***	0.635^**	0.719^***	0.722^***	0.630^**	0.033
	‘冬绿’‘Wintergreen’	0.671^**	0.507^**	0.229	0.609^**	0.212	0.729^***	0.449^*	0.591^**	0.435^*	0.002

观测年份 Year	处理 Treatments	‘绿美’ ‘Greenbeauty’		‘阳光’ ‘Sunnyside’		‘冬绿’ ‘Wintergreen’
观测年份 Year	处理 Treatments	回归方程 Regression equation	变红临界值 Red critical value	回归方程 Regression equation	变红临界值 Red critical value	回归方程 Regression equation	变红临界值 Red critical value
2011—2012	100% SUL-叶片近轴侧Leaf adaxial side	y=-698.25x + 245.94	1.55	y=-249.82x + 91.771	4.33	y=-248x + 90.958	4.16
2011—2012	100% SUL-叶片远轴侧Leaf abanial side	y=-586.9x + 221.9	7.68	y=-372.62x + 145.42	9.41	y=-373.96x + 146.73	10.23
2012—2013	100% SUL-叶片近轴侧Leaf adaxial side	y=-647.26x + 227.21	0.67	y=-368.24x + 135.3	6.42	y=-304.54x + 111.57	4.98
2012—2013	100% SUL-叶片远轴侧Leaf abanial side	y=-226.7x + 93.766	5.25	y=-138.35x + 63.259	8.43	y=-162.44x + 72.42	9.41

观测年份 Year	处理 Treatments	‘绿美’ ‘Greenbeauty’		‘阳光’ ‘Sunnyside’		‘冬绿’ ‘Wintergreen’
观测年份 Year	处理 Treatments	回归方程 Regression equation	变红临界值 Red critical value	回归方程 Regression equation	变红临界值 Red critical value	回归方程 Regression equation	变红临界值 Red critical value
2011—2012	100% SUL-叶片近轴侧Leaf adaxial side	y=40.858x - 4.242 6	10.06	y=12.92x + 5.385 3	9.91	y=-1.681 1x + 10.605	10.02
2011—2012	100% SUL-叶片远轴侧Leaf abanial side	y=44.499x - 6.634 4	9.61	y=-12.715x + 14.884	10.24	y=-25.695x + 19.919	10.54
2012—2013	100% SUL-叶片近轴侧Leaf adaxial side	y=-146.63x + 59.855	8.53	y=-114.59x + 50.372	10.27	y=-157.36x + 65.14	10.06
2012—2013	100% SUL-叶片远轴侧Leaf abanial side	y=-130.16x + 57.316	9.81	y=-104.11x + 48.813	10.81	y=-98.924x + 47.268	11.16

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