天山中部雪岭云杉林多功能权衡与协同关系

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20191102

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 分析森林供给（生产力）、调节（固碳释氧和涵养水源）、支持（生物多样性）功能间的权衡和协同性，为森林多功能经营提供理论依据。方法: 以新疆天山中部雪岭云杉林为研究对象，基于42块样地调查数据和板房沟林场森林资源二类调查1 170个小班数据，采用随机森林法对小班生产力、固碳释氧、涵养水源和生物多样性进行预测，分析林分4种功能间及平均林龄、平均树高、平均胸径、郁闭度、坡度、海拔、植被盖度和蓄积量8个林分因子与功能的关联特征。结果: 对生产力、涵养水源、固碳释氧、生物多样性影响较大的因子有林分平均胸径、蓄积量、植被盖度、平均年龄和郁闭度。林分平均年龄、平均树高、平均胸径、郁闭度、蓄积量与生产力、涵养水源、固碳释氧、生物多样性和综合功能间呈正相关，相关系数为0.225~0.917（P < 0.01）；坡度与涵养水源、固碳释氧和生物多样性间呈正相关，相关系数为0.167~0.393（P < 0.01）；海拔与生产力、涵养水源和综合功能间呈负相关，相关系数为-0.264~-0.143（P < 0.01）；植被盖度与涵养水源和生物多样性间存在正相关关系，相关系数分别为0.237和0.081（P < 0.01）。生产力、涵养水源、固碳释氧、生物多样性4种功能均存在不同程度正相关关系，相关系数为0.228~0.645（P < 0.01），其中生物多样性与固碳释氧间相关程度最高；林分功能间均呈协同关系。结论: 雪岭云杉林生产力、涵养水源、固碳释氧、生物多样性4种功能间呈协同关系，通过合理的森林经营可实现多种功能的协调。

关键词: 多功能, 权衡, 协同, 随机森林法, 雪岭云杉林

Abstract:

Objective: This paper was carried out to analyze the trade-offs and synergies among forest supply(productivity), regulation(carbon sequestration and oxygen release, water conservation)and support(biodiversity)functions in order to provide a theoretical basis for multi-functional forest management. Method: The study was implemented on Picea schrenkiana forests in the central Tianshan Mountains region of Xinjiang, based on the data from 42 sample plots and 1 170 sub-compartments in forest resources class Ⅱ survey of Banfanggou forest farm. Four functions, including stand productivity, carbon sequestration and oxygen release, water conservation and biodiversity, were predicted by using random forest method. The correlation analysis was made among the four functions of the stand, and the correlation of stand average age, stand volume, average tree height, average DBH, canopy density, slope, altitude, and vegetation coverage with these functions. Result: The main factors those have great influences on stand productivity, water conservation, carbon sequestration, oxygen release and biodiversity are stand average DBH, volume, vegetation coverage, average forest age and canopy density. The correlation coefficient is 0.225-0.917(P < 0.01)between stand average age, tree height, DBH, canopy density, stand volume and four functions, comprehensive function. The correlation coefficient is 0.167-0.393(P < 0.01)between slope and water conservation, carbon sequestration and oxygen release, biodiversity. The correlation coefficient between altitude and productivity, water conservation, comprehensive function is -0.264—-0.143(P < 0.01).There is a positive correlation between vegetation coverage and water conservation and biodiversity, the correlation coefficients are 0.237 and 0.081(P < 0.01), respectively. The correlation coefficient is 0.228-0.645(P < 0.01)with four functions, among which, the correlation between biodiversity and carbon sequestration and oxygen release is the highest. There is a synergistic relationship between the functions of the stands. Conclusion: There is a synergistic relationship among the four functions of Picea schrenkiana stands, harmonization of multiple functions could be achieved through rational forest management.

Key words: multi-functionality, trade-offs, synergies, random forest method, Picea schrenkiana stands

中图分类号:

S757

兰洁,雷相东,张毓涛. 天山中部雪岭云杉林多功能权衡与协同关系[J]. 林业科学, 2019, 55(11): 9-18.

Jie Lan,Xiangdong Lei,Yutao Zhang. Analysis on Trade-Offs and Synergies of Multiple Functions of Picea schrenkiana Forests in Central Tianshan Mountains[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2019, 55(11): 9-18.

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林分特征因子 Forest stand factors	最大值 Maximum value	最小值 Minimum value	平均值 Average value	标准差 Standard deviation
平均林龄Average forest age/a	71.00	30.00	48.43	12.94
平均树高Average tree height/m	16.10	3.30	10.50	3.06
平均胸径Average DBH/cm	33.80	9.40	19.40	6.93
郁闭度Canopy density	1.00	0.34	0.57	0.20
蓄积量Standing volume/(m³·hm^-2)	458.86	11.18	188.16	111.44
坡度Slope/(°)	38.00	5.00	22.50	9.17
海拔Altitude/m	2 680.00	1 884.00	2 245.31	240.36
植被盖度Vegetation coverage	0.90	0.01	0.35	0.21
生产力Productivity/(t·hm^-2a^-1)	9.20	0.22	2.65	2.32
涵养水源Water conservation/(t·hm^-2)	11 908.89	3 870.66	5 553.78	1 337.71
固碳释氧Carbon sequestration and oxygen release/(t·hm^-2)	9.42	0.25	3.34	2.25
生物多样性指数Biodiversity index	2.22	0.27	1.23	0.45

林分特征因子 Forest stand factors	生产力 Productivity	涵养水源 Water conservation	固碳释氧 Carbon sequestration and oxygen release	生物多样性 Biodiversity	综合功能 Comprehensive function
平均林龄 Average forest age	0.393^**	0.318^**	0.612^**	0.796^**	0.792^**
平均树高 Average tree height	0.642^**	0.428^**	0.768^**	0.815^**	0.917^**
平均胸径 Average DBH	0.560^**	0.325^**	0.693^**	0.841^**	0.895^**
郁闭度 Canopy closure	0.815^**	0.225^**	0.811^**	0.526^**	0.893^**
蓄积量 Standing volume	0.661^**	0.480^**	0.782^**	0.544^**	0.665^**
坡度 Slope	-0.197^**	0.393^**	0.167^**	0.186^**	0.015
海拔 Altitude	-0.264^**	-0.190^**	-0.042	0.142^**	-0.143^**
植被盖度 Vegetation coverage	-0.146^**	0.237^**	-0.021	0.081^**	0.005

功能 Function	生产力 Productivity	涵养水源 Water conservation	固碳释氧 Carbon sequestration and oxygen release	生物多样性 Biodiversity
生产力 Productivity	1	0.228^**	0.645^**	0.338^**
涵养水源 Water conservation		1	0.512^**	0.449^**
固碳释氧 Carbon sequestration and oxygen release			1	0.651^**
生物多样性 Biodiversity				1

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