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林业科学 ›› 2017, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (3): 138-146.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20170315

• 论文与研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

电阻断层成像、应力波及阻抗仪3种无损检测方法对活立木腐朽程度的定量检测

岳小泉1,2, 王立海1, 王兴龙1, 荣宾宾1, 葛晓雯1, 刘泽旭1, 陈清耀2   

  1. 1. 东北林业大学工程技术学院 哈尔滨 150040;
    2. 福建农林大学交通与土木工程学院 福州 350002
  • 收稿日期:2015-12-01 修回日期:2016-02-23 出版日期:2017-03-25 发布日期:2017-04-25
  • 通讯作者: 王立海
  • 基金资助:
    948项目"便携式立木腐朽电阻断层成像关键技术引进"(2014-4-78);福建省教育厅科技项目(JA15155);福建省高水平大学建设专项基金(61201401801);国家自然科学基金项目(31300474);黑龙江省自然科学基金面上项目(C201410)。

Quantitative Detection of Internal Decay Degree for Standing Trees Based on Three NDT Methods-Electric Resistance Tomography, Stress Wave Imaging and Resistograph Techniques

Yue Xiaoquan1,2, Wang Lihai1, Wang Xinglong1, Rong Binbin1, Ge Xiaowen1, Liu Zexu1, Chen Qingyao2   

  1. 1. College of Engineering and Technology, Northeast Forestry University Harbin 150040;
    2. College of Transportation and Civil Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou 350002
  • Received:2015-12-01 Revised:2016-02-23 Online:2017-03-25 Published:2017-04-25

摘要: [目的] 应用电阻断层成像法、应力波断层成像法和阻抗仪法对活立木树干腐朽程度进行检测和定量表征,判断3种方法的可靠性,为野外立木健康情况检测提供基础数据和理论依据。[方法] 在黑龙江省哈尔滨市东北林业大学试验林场内,选取水曲柳和北京杨各25株(15株腐朽,10株健康)共50株100个截面,采用PICUS Tree Tronic型树木电阻断层成像仪、Arbotom应力波断层成像系统和Resistograph针式阻抗仪检测及木芯质量损失率估测4种方法对断面腐朽程度进行检测和定量表征。以木芯质量损失率计算的样木腐朽程度(Es)为真值,利用最小二乘法分别建立电阻测定的腐朽程度(Ed)、应力波测定的腐朽程度(Ey)及阻抗仪测定的腐朽程度(Ez)与真值(Es)之间的线性关系。[结果] 电阻断层成像、应力波和阻抗仪3种无损检测方法能在不同腐朽程度上表征活立木木材质量损失率;从整体上来看,电阻检测和应力波检测结果与腐朽程度真值的拟合程度低于阻抗仪检测结果与腐朽程度真值的拟合程度;从不同腐朽阶段来看,在Es<30%时,EdEs的相关系数最高(R=0.823,P<0.01);在30%≤Es<50%时,EyEs的相关系数最高(R=0.658,P<0.01);在Es≥50%时,EzEs的相关系数最高(R=0.914,P<0.01)。[结论] 电阻断层成像法对木材早期腐朽的检测比较敏感,而应力波断层成像法则相对在木材腐朽稍严重时更准确,阻抗仪法在腐朽各个阶段的检测结果都较为准确,且在腐朽严重时最准确,但会对木材造成微损伤。3种无损检测方法均能有效检测活立木腐朽,并有各自的特点,在实际腐朽检测中应根据实际检测需要来选择。

关键词: 质量损失率, 电阻断层成像, 应力波传播速度, 阻抗仪阻力损失值, 腐朽程度

Abstract: [Objective] Electric resistance tomography, stress wave imaging and resistograph were employed to detect and quantitatively characterize the internal decay for standing trees,then these three NDT(nondestructive testing)techniques were made comparisons in order to find out the appropriate technique matched with specific condition of standing trees in the forest field.[Method] An investigation about the accuracy of different NDT methods was carried out in the experiment forest of Northeast Forestry University in Harbin, Heilongjiang Province. 100 cross-sections of Fraxinus mandshurica and Populus×beijingensis standing trees were tested by four methods:electric resistance tomography, stress wave tomography, resistograph and estimation weight loss ratios of wooden increment cores. Taking wood core samples as research objects, testing results of three other kinds of NDT methods were compared. Es determined by estimating weight loss ratios of wooden cores was regarded as the truth value of decay extent. Using ordinary least square regression to analyze the relationship between Es and Ed(degree of decay determined by electric resistance tomography),Es and Ey(degree of decay determined by stress wave),Es and Ez(degree of decay determined by resistograph).[Result] Results showed that three NDT methods were able to estimate the different degree of decay for Fraxinus mandshurica and Populus×beijingensis standing trees; As a whole, the fitting degree of Ed and Es, Ey and Es were both lower than that of Ez and Es. In different decay degree, when Es<30%, Ed had a strong positive correlation with Es(R=0.823,P<0.01), while when 30%≤Es<50%, Ey have a significant positive correlation relationship with Es(R=0.658,P<0.01), electric resistance tomography had more sensitively reflect in incipient decay of standing trees, and stress wave had more accurate diagnosis on detecting middle decay of standing tress. Ez had a strong positive correlation relationship with Es, and when Es≥50%, Ez have a more positive correlation relationship with Es(R=0.914,P<0.01).[Conclusion] Electric resistance tomography showed better diagnosis than the other two methods for incipient decay of standing trees, while stress wave imaging method used in the middle stage of decay testing was best, and resistograph can be used in the different stages of decay. It was suggested that each technique could be employed in the practical internal decay testing for standing trees according to the decay stage and operational conditions.

Key words: mass loss rate, electric resistance tomography, velocity of stress wave, wood core resistance loss, decay extent

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