电阻断层成像、应力波及阻抗仪3种无损检测方法对活立木腐朽程度的定量检测

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20170315

摘要/Abstract

摘要： [目的] 应用电阻断层成像法、应力波断层成像法和阻抗仪法对活立木树干腐朽程度进行检测和定量表征，判断3种方法的可靠性，为野外立木健康情况检测提供基础数据和理论依据。[方法] 在黑龙江省哈尔滨市东北林业大学试验林场内，选取水曲柳和北京杨各25株（15株腐朽，10株健康）共50株100个截面，采用PICUS Tree Tronic型树木电阻断层成像仪、Arbotom应力波断层成像系统和Resistograph针式阻抗仪检测及木芯质量损失率估测4种方法对断面腐朽程度进行检测和定量表征。以木芯质量损失率计算的样木腐朽程度（E_s）为真值，利用最小二乘法分别建立电阻测定的腐朽程度（E_d）、应力波测定的腐朽程度（E_y）及阻抗仪测定的腐朽程度（E_z）与真值（E_s）之间的线性关系。[结果] 电阻断层成像、应力波和阻抗仪3种无损检测方法能在不同腐朽程度上表征活立木木材质量损失率；从整体上来看，电阻检测和应力波检测结果与腐朽程度真值的拟合程度低于阻抗仪检测结果与腐朽程度真值的拟合程度；从不同腐朽阶段来看，在E_s＜30%时，E_d和E_s的相关系数最高（R=0.823，P<0.01）；在30%≤E_s＜50%时，E_y和E_s的相关系数最高（R=0.658，P<0.01）；在E_s≥50%时，E_z和E_s的相关系数最高（R=0.914，P<0.01）。[结论] 电阻断层成像法对木材早期腐朽的检测比较敏感，而应力波断层成像法则相对在木材腐朽稍严重时更准确，阻抗仪法在腐朽各个阶段的检测结果都较为准确，且在腐朽严重时最准确，但会对木材造成微损伤。3种无损检测方法均能有效检测活立木腐朽，并有各自的特点，在实际腐朽检测中应根据实际检测需要来选择。

关键词: 质量损失率, 电阻断层成像, 应力波传播速度, 阻抗仪阻力损失值, 腐朽程度

Abstract: [Objective] Electric resistance tomography, stress wave imaging and resistograph were employed to detect and quantitatively characterize the internal decay for standing trees,then these three NDT(nondestructive testing)techniques were made comparisons in order to find out the appropriate technique matched with specific condition of standing trees in the forest field.[Method] An investigation about the accuracy of different NDT methods was carried out in the experiment forest of Northeast Forestry University in Harbin, Heilongjiang Province. 100 cross-sections of Fraxinus mandshurica and Populus×beijingensis standing trees were tested by four methods:electric resistance tomography, stress wave tomography, resistograph and estimation weight loss ratios of wooden increment cores. Taking wood core samples as research objects, testing results of three other kinds of NDT methods were compared. E_s determined by estimating weight loss ratios of wooden cores was regarded as the truth value of decay extent. Using ordinary least square regression to analyze the relationship between E_s and E_d(degree of decay determined by electric resistance tomography),E_s and E_y(degree of decay determined by stress wave),E_s and E_z(degree of decay determined by resistograph).[Result] Results showed that three NDT methods were able to estimate the different degree of decay for Fraxinus mandshurica and Populus×beijingensis standing trees; As a whole, the fitting degree of E_d and E_s, E_y and E_s were both lower than that of E_z and E_s. In different decay degree, when E_s<30%, E_d had a strong positive correlation with E_s(R=0.823,P<0.01), while when 30%≤E_s<50%, E_y have a significant positive correlation relationship with E_s(R=0.658,P<0.01), electric resistance tomography had more sensitively reflect in incipient decay of standing trees, and stress wave had more accurate diagnosis on detecting middle decay of standing tress. E_z had a strong positive correlation relationship with E_s, and when E_s≥50%, E_z have a more positive correlation relationship with E_s(R=0.914,P<0.01).[Conclusion] Electric resistance tomography showed better diagnosis than the other two methods for incipient decay of standing trees, while stress wave imaging method used in the middle stage of decay testing was best, and resistograph can be used in the different stages of decay. It was suggested that each technique could be employed in the practical internal decay testing for standing trees according to the decay stage and operational conditions.

Key words: mass loss rate, electric resistance tomography, velocity of stress wave, wood core resistance loss, decay extent

中图分类号:

岳小泉, 王立海, 王兴龙, 荣宾宾, 葛晓雯, 刘泽旭, 陈清耀. 电阻断层成像、应力波及阻抗仪3种无损检测方法对活立木腐朽程度的定量检测[J]. 林业科学, 2017, 53(3): 138-146.

Yue Xiaoquan, Wang Lihai, Wang Xinglong, Rong Binbin, Ge Xiaowen, Liu Zexu, Chen Qingyao. Quantitative Detection of Internal Decay Degree for Standing Trees Based on Three NDT Methods-Electric Resistance Tomography, Stress Wave Imaging and Resistograph Techniques[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2017, 53(3): 138-146.

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