温带典型森林树种的萜烯类化合物排放及其与环境要素的相关性

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20161103

摘要/Abstract

摘要： [目的] 确定植物源萜烯类化合物的排放种类、相对含量和速率，为建立植物源挥发性有机物（VOCs）成分谱库和优化城市森林配置提供理论依据。[方法] 采用便携式光合仪Li-6400、Tenax吸附管和采样泵相结合的半闭合循环采气方式，在北京鹫峰国家森林公园进行植物源VOCs采集，探究温带5种典型森林树种（针叶：油松、侧柏；阔叶：毛白杨、栓皮栎、色木槭）VOCs的排放差异，分析植物源VOCs排放与环境因素和植物生理特征因素的关系。[结果] 5种典型森林树种均排放烯烃类、烷烃类、多环芳烃类、酸酯类等化合物。油松和侧柏2种针叶树种主要排放单萜类物质，其中α-蒎烯分别占到总挥发性物质的34.16%和25.05%；毛白杨、栓皮栎和色木槭3种阔叶树种主要排放异戊二烯，分别占排放总量的76.47%，55.25%和32.61%。在萜烯类物质排放日变化上，5种树种排放异戊二烯呈现单峰分布，在11：00—12：00排放量最大，峰值出现在10：00—13：00，在17：00—18：00出现谷值。毛白杨单位叶面积挥发性有机物排放速率最大，高达52.81 nmol·m^-2s^-1，其次为油松。侧柏排放α-蒎烯和柠檬烯速率较高，分别为4.16，3.82 nmol·m^-2s^-1；油松的α-蒎烯和月桂烯释放速率较大，分别为22.14，10.3 nmol·m^-2s^-1。阔叶树种单位叶面积排放异戊二烯速率较高，而针叶树种排放单萜烯速率较高。监测期间不同树种排放的萜烯类物质相对含量与温度和光照成正相关，与相对湿度呈负相关；与净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率呈极显著正相关。[结论] 阔叶树种排放异戊二烯较多，针叶树种排放单萜烯类物质较多。植物排放萜烯类物质相对含量随温度、光照的升高而增加，随着相对湿度增加而降低。净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率等植物生理特征因素的变化与萜烯类物质相对含量的变化规律一致性较强。

关键词: 森林树种, 挥发性有机物, 异戊二烯, 单萜烯, 排放速率

Abstract: [Objective] Determining the emission types, relative content and rate of terpene compounds from plant source could provide the theoretical basis for establishing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) composition library of plant source and optimal deployment of urban forest.[Method] Half-closed cycling air collection model was used with Li-6400 portable photosynthesis system,Tenax absorption tube and gas pump together to collect plant volatile organic compounds in Beijing Jiufeng National Forest Park,and used to explore the differences of biogenic VOCs emission emitted by different tree species (coniferous species: Pinus tabulaeformis, Platycladus orientalis; broad-leaved species: Populus tomentosa, Quercus variabilis, Acer mono) and to analyze the relations between the VOCs emission and environmental and physiological factors.[Result] All the 5 typical forest tree species emitted alkanes, olefine, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and halogenated-hydrocarbons. From the aspect of volatile relative content, Platycladus orientalis and Pinus tabulaeformis emitted mainly monoterpene, to which alpha-pinene contributed about 34.16% and 25.05% respectively. Populus tomentosa, Q.variabilis and A.mono mainly emitted isoprene, accounting for 76.47%, 55.25% and 32.61% respectively of the total emission. As for the diurnal variation pattern, isoprene emission from the 5 tree species displayed a single-peak distribution with the peak appeared between 11:00 and 12:00. The peak value of monoterpene was between 10:00 and 13:00, and valley value was between 17:00 and 18:00. The VOCs emission rate of the unit leaf area of Populus tomentosa was the largest, reaching 52.81 nmol·m^-2 s^-1, followed by Pinus tabulaeformis. The emission rate of alpha-pinene and cinene of Platycladus orientalis were the largest, up to 4.16 nmol·m^-2 s^-1 and 3.82 nmol·m^-2 s^-1 respectively. The emission rate of myrcene and alpha-pinene of Pinus tabulaeformis were large, up to 22.14 nmol·m^-2 s^-1 and 10.3 nmol·m^-2 s^-1 respectively. Overall, the isoprene emission rate of unit leaf area of broad-leaved species was higher, while the monoterpene emission rate of unit leaf area of coniferous species was higher. During the period of monitoring, the relative content of terpene was significantly positively correlated with temperature and photosynthetic intensity, but negatively correlated with relative humidity. The relative content of terpene was significanly positvely correlated with the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular carbon dioxide concentration and transpiration rate.[Conclusion] Broad-leaved trees emit more isoprene, coniferous tree species emit more monoterpene. The relative content of terpene emitted by plant was increased with the temperature and photosynthetic intensity and reduced with relative humidity. The variation of net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpisration rate showed a great consistence with the relative content of terpene from tree species.

Key words: forest tree species, volatile organic compounds, isoprene, monoterpene, emission rate

中图分类号:

X173

花圣卓, 陈俊刚, 余新晓, 毕华兴, 付妍琳, 陈静, 孙丰宾. 温带典型森林树种的萜烯类化合物排放及其与环境要素的相关性[J]. 林业科学, 2016, 52(11): 19-28.

Hua Shengzhou, Chen Jungang, Yu Xinxiao, Bi Huaxing, Fu Yanlin, Chen Jing, Sun Fengbin. Correlation between Terpenes Emission from Typical Forest Tree Species and Environmental Elements in Temperate Zone[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2016, 52(11): 19-28.

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