油橄榄成花诱导与花芽分化期间侧芽内源激素含量变化

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20151105

摘要/Abstract

摘要： [目的]研究油橄榄成花诱导与花芽分化期间侧芽内源激素含量变化,探讨内源激素对油橄榄花芽形成及大小年结果的调控作用。[方法]以16年生油橄榄'鄂植8号'和'莱星'为试材,在划分成花诱导期与花芽分化期的基础上,分析花芽形成中侧芽玉米素核苷(ZR)、赤霉素(GA₃)、生长素(IAA)和脱落酸(ABA)含量变化及大、小年树间含量差异。[结果] '鄂植8号'成花诱导期从9月23日开始,至次年2月18日结束,约持续150天; '莱星'成花诱导期从8月21日开始,至次年2月18日结束,约持续180天。尽管2个品种成花诱导期起始时间存在一定差异,但其成花诱导关键期(11月18日至次年1月15日)和成花诱导结束期(开花当年2月15日)却基本一致。成花诱导与花芽分化期间,2个品种侧芽ABA含量大年树基本维持稳定,小年树在成花诱导关键期出现高峰;成花诱导关键期小年树ABA含量显著高于大年树。2个品种侧芽ZR含量在成花诱导期总体呈下降趋势,在花芽分化期大年树略有上升,小年树呈逐渐上升趋势('鄂植8号')和在较高水平上略有下降趋势('莱星');成花诱导初期和花芽分化期小年树ZR含量显著高于大年树。2个品种侧芽GA₃含量在成花诱导期呈下降趋势,在花芽分化期大年树先快速升高后略有下降,小年树略有升高;成花诱导初期和花芽分化期,大年树侧芽GA₃含量显著高于小年树。成花诱导期侧芽IAA含量'鄂植8号'基本维持稳定趋势,'莱星'先升高后下降,峰值出现在成花诱导关键期;花芽分化期,2个品种大年树呈上升趋势,小年树'鄂植8号'基本维持稳定,'莱星'略有上升;小年树侧芽IAA含量在成花诱导期显著高于大年树,在花芽分化期显著低于大年树。成花诱导关键期,2个品种小年树侧芽ABA/GA₃,IAA/GA₃和(ABA+IAA)/GA₃明显高于大年树;花芽分化期,2个品种小年树ZR/GA₃,ZR/ABA和ZR/IAA明显高于大年树。[结论]高水平的ABA,IAA,ABA/GA₃,IAA/GA₃和(ABA+IAA)/GA₃有利于油橄榄成花诱导;高水平的ZR,ZR/GA₃,ZR/ABA和ZR/IAA有利于油橄榄花芽分化。

关键词: 油橄榄, 成花诱导, 内源激素, ZR, GA₃, IAA, ABA

Abstract: [Objective]This experiment was done to analyze the changes of endogenous hormones in lateral buds of olive trees(Olea europaea) during floral induction and flower-bud differentiation, and to investigate the regulation of endogenous hormones on olive flower bud differentiation and alternate fruit bearing. [Method]On the base of dividing period of floral induction and flower-bud differentiation, we analyzed dynamics of endogenous hormones in lateral buds of 16-year-old 'Ezhi 8' and 'Leccino' olive trees during their flower buds formation.[Result]The time of floral induction of 'Ezhi 8' olive was from September 23 to February 18 in the following year, lasting about 150 days, and the 'Leccino' olive was from August 21 to February 18 in the following year, lasting about 180 days. Though the starting date for floral induction of 'Ezhi 8' and 'Leccino' olive trees was somehow different, the critical period and the ending date of floral induction were closely coincided. During the floral induction and flower-bud differentiation, the free abscisic acid (ABA) content in lateral buds was kept stable for the'on'-year trees and peaked for the 'off'-year trees, and the ABA content in the 'off'-year trees was significantly higher than that in the'on'-year trees during the critical period. During the floral induction, the Zeatin Riboside (ZR) content in lateral buds displayed a downward trend for both varieties. During the flower-bud differentiation, the 'on'-year trees showed a slight increase and the 'off'-year trees showed a gradual increase in the variety 'Ezhi 8' and a slight declining after reaching a higher level in the variety 'Leccino'. The ZR content was significantly higher in the 'off'-year trees than in the'on'-year trees during the initial period of floral induction and the whole period of flower-bud differentiation. Gibberllins (GA₃) content in lateral buds displayed a downward trend during the floral induction, and a trend of rapid increase followed by a slight decrease in the 'on'-year trees and a slight increase in the 'off'-year trees during the flower-bud differentiation. GA₃ content was significantly higher in the 'off'-year than in the 'on'-year trees during the initial period of floral induction and whole period of flower-bud differentiation. The content of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in lateral buds displayed a general stable trend in 'Ezhi 8', and a rise-decline trend in 'Leccino' during the floral induction with a peak appearing during the critical period. During flower-bud differentiation the IAA content showed an increase trend in the'on'-year trees for both varieties, and in the 'off'-year trees a stable trend for 'Ezhi 8' and a slight increase for 'Leccino'. The IAA content was significantly higher in the 'off'-year trees than in the'on'-year trees during the floral induction, but significantly lower than in the flower-bud differentiation. During the critical period of the floral induction, the ratios of ABA/GA₃, IAA/GA₃ and (ABA+IAA)/GA₃ in the lateral buds were significantly higher in the 'off'-year than in the'on'-year trees for both varieties. During the flower-bud differentiation, the ratios of ZR/GA₃, ZR/ABA and ZR/IAA in lateral buds were significantly higher in the 'off'-year than in the'on'-year trees for both varieties.[Conclusion]Higher levels of ABA, IAA, ABA/GA₃, IAA/GA₃ and(ABA+IAA)/GA₃ benefit the floral induction of olive trees, and higher levels of ZR, ZR/GA₃, ZR/ABA and ZR/IAA benefit the flower-bud differentiation.

Key words: Olea europaea, floral induction, endogenous hormones, ZR, GA₃, IAA, ABA

中图分类号:

S718.43

朱振家, 姜成英, 史艳虎, 陈炜青, 陈年来, 赵梦炯, 吴文俊. 油橄榄成花诱导与花芽分化期间侧芽内源激素含量变化[J]. 林业科学, 2015, 51(11): 32-39.

Zhu Zhenjia, Jiang Chengying, Shi Yanhu, Chen Weiqing, Chen Nianlai, Zhao Mengjiong, Wu Wenjun. Variations of Endogenous Hormones in Lateral Buds of Olive Trees(Olea europaea) during Floral Induction and Flower-Bud Differentiation[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2015, 51(11): 32-39.

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