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林业科学 ›› 2015, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (7): 99-106.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20150711

• 论文与研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

履带自行式沙地灌木林平茬机的研制及应用

马阿娟1, 陈忠加1, 俞国胜1, 袁湘月1, 杜珂2   

  1. 1. 北京林业大学工学院 北京 100083;
    2. 北京起重运输机械设计研究院 北京 100007
  • 收稿日期:2015-02-24 修回日期:2015-06-04 出版日期:2015-07-25 发布日期:2015-08-14
  • 通讯作者: 陈忠加
  • 基金资助:

    林业公益性行业科研专项"木本灌木资源产业化促进沙荒地植被恢复技术研究"(200904007)。

Development and Application of Crawler Self-Propelled Desert Shrub Stumper

Ma Ajuan1, Chen Zhongjia1, Yu Guosheng1, Yuan Xiangyue1, Du Ke2   

  1. 1. School of Technology, Beijing Forestry University Beijing 100083;
    2. Beijing Materials Handling Research Institute Beijing 100007
  • Received:2015-02-24 Revised:2015-06-04 Online:2015-07-25 Published:2015-08-14

摘要:

[目的] 针对内蒙古科尔沁沙地作业环境及沙生灌木林的生长特点,提出灌木林平茬机切割装置地面仿形方法,并研制适于沙地作业的履带自行式灌木林平茬设备,为灌木资源的有效利用提供技术支持。[方法] 在对内蒙古科尔沁沙地进行实地考察的基础上,确定履带自行式沙地灌木林平茬机优化设计方案,运用三维造型技术、虚拟样机技术等设计方法完成悬挂式灌木林平茬机整体结构及关键零部件设计,并采用抽样调查方法对试验林地灌木林实际分布密度及生物量等参数进行统计计算。[结果] 考虑到灌木林生长特点和沙地整体环境,刀架外形根据灌木丛根部特点设计为倒V形,采用提升链及仿形支承轮结构使切割装置随地面浮动,以柔性连接方式实现刀具浮动切割及升降,并完成悬挂式割灌机的设计及研制,具体包括牵引和驱动方式的选择、切割装置及仿形机构的设计等。所设计灌木林平茬机结构形式为履带液压底盘前悬挂式,外形尺寸为长1 200 mm、宽900 mm、高1 150 mm,作业行驶速度3.5 km·h-1,移动行驶速度5 km·h-1,圆锯片刀具转速3 600 r·min-1,割茬高度为50 mm,切割装置最大离地间隙为900 mm。完成设计试制后在科尔沁沙地腹地内蒙古通辽市奈曼旗兴隆沼林场的灌木林地进行试验,该地区共营造小叶锦鸡儿灌木林26.67万hm2,林场拥有小叶锦鸡儿灌木林2 000 hm2,试验总面积900 m2(宽10 m、长90 m),同时对平茬的灌木丛数、枝条量进行了测量,统计计算得到该地区灌木林的实际分布密度为811 丛·hm-2,湿质量、干质量生物量分别为6 012.44 kg·hm-2和3 763.22 kg·hm-2,单株平均积沙量0.5 m3,冠幅直径3.1 m,平均高度1.9 m。通过对样品采用烘干的方式得出灌木枝条萌芽前的含水率为34.71%,为灌木林平茬复壮抚育剩余物的资源化或能源化利用提供基础数据。[结论] 通过对灌木林平茬机结构与工作原理的分析,设计、试制了以液力驱动橡胶履带底盘为动力的悬挂式灌木林平茬机。对样机在灌木林地进行试验的结果表明,该机作业效率243丛·h-1,留茬平均高度50 mm,留茬劈裂率低于3%。经当年夏、秋季的调查显示,平茬后的灌木新枝萌发数量是平茬前的5~10倍,当年生长高度超过1.2 m,满足沙地灌木林平茬复壮的要求。

关键词: 灌木平茬复壮, 灌木林, 灌木林平茬机, 机器研制

Abstract:

[Objective] According to the environment conditions and the growing characteristics of the bush, the function of ground surface following was required for cutting mechanism of bush stumper with flexible connecting and lifting. A crawler self-propelled desert shrub stumper was developed to provide technical support for the effective utilization of shrub resource. [Method] The optimized design scheme of crawler self-propelled shrub stumper was confirmed based on field trip of Kerqin Sandy of Inner Mongolia, and the design of the suspension cutting machine overall structure and key parts was accomplished with design methods of 3D solid modeling technology and virtual prototype technology etc. The sampling survey method was applied when doing statistical calculation of shrub distribution density and biomass in the forest experiments. [Result] Considering the characteristics of shrub and the overall environment of sand, the working head was designed into an inverted V-shape based on the characteristics of shrub root. The application of hoisting chain, support rollers and flexible connection makes the cutting device floating on the ground while going up and down. The design and manufacture of the suspension type shrub stumper were completed, including the selection of traction and drive mode, the design of cutting device and profiling mechanism, etc. The cutting device was suspended at the front of the hydraulic crawler tractor. Operating speed of this prototype, of which shape size is 1 200 mm long, 900 mm wide, 1 150 mm high, is 3.5 km·h-1, moving speed of it is 5 km·h-1. The rotating speed of circular saw blade cutting tool is 3 600 r·min-1. The maximum clearance from cutting device to the ground is 900mm, with a common cutting stubble height of 50mm. After finishing the design and manufacture, the test run of the prototype was launched in a forest farm named Xing Longzhao, landed on Kerqin sandy land in Tongliao City of Inner Mongolia. There are 266 700 hm2 of lobular caragana shrub. Moreover there are 2 000 hm2 of this shrub on this forest farm. The test area is 10 m wide and 90 m long, with a total area of 900 m2. At the same time, a statistical survey was conducted, the number of cut shrub and the amount of branches were measured. The statistical data shows that the actual distribution density of the bushes of the region is 811 bundle ·hm-2, the biomass wet weight and dry weight are 6 012.44 kg·hm-2 and 3 763.22 kg·hm-2, the average sediment deposition of each shrub is 0.5 m3, of which the crown diameter is 3.1m and the average height is 1.9m. The moisture content of shrubs before sprouting is 34.71% by the way of kiln dried. All the surveys above provided basic data for the resource and energy utilization of shrub tending slashes.[Conclusion] A prototype of shrub stumper powered by hydraulic driven rub crawler tractor was designed and manufactured. A shrub stumping trial using the machine was carried out in Kerqin sand area of Inner Mongolia. The test showed that efficiency of the machine shrub stumping was 243 shrubs·h-1 with 50 mm cutting height and less than 3% split of reserved stumps. The new sprouts of shrub stumps were five to ten times of reserved stumps and the new stumps glow more than 1.2 m in the summer and autumn investigation. The machine are suited the requirement of shrub stump reproduction in desert sand area.

Key words: shrub stump reproduction, shrub forest, shrub stumper, machine design and manufacture

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