散养条件下野生双峰驼初冬活动时间分配及节律

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20150221

林业科学 ›› 2015, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (2): 169-174.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20150221

• 研究简报 • 上一篇

散养条件下野生双峰驼初冬活动时间分配及节律

薛亚东¹, 孙志成², 吴鹏^1,3, 张于光¹, 李迪强¹

1. 中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所国家林业局森林生态环境重点实验室北京 100091;
2. 甘肃敦煌西湖国家级自然保护区管理局敦煌 736299;
3. 西南林业大学竹藤研究所昆明 650224

收稿日期:2013-11-15 修回日期:2014-05-28 出版日期:2015-02-25 发布日期:2015-03-11
通讯作者: 李迪强
基金资助:
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(CAFYBB2011003); 国家科技基础性工作专项(2006FY110800; 2012FY111700)。

Time Budgets and Diurnal Activity Rhythms of Re-Introduced Wild Bactrian Camels in Semi-Free Environment during Early Winter

Xue Yadong¹, Sun Zhicheng², Wu Peng^1,3, Zhang Yuguang¹, Li Diqiang¹

1. Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of State Forestry Administration Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, CAF Beijing 100091;
2. Administrative Bureau of Gansu Dunhuang Wetland National Nature Reserve Dunhuang 736299;
3. Institute of Bamboos, Southwest Forestry University Kunming 650224

Received:2013-11-15 Revised:2014-05-28 Online:2015-02-25 Published:2015-03-11

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】对散养状态下野生双峰驼(下称野骆驼)昼夜行为时间分配及活动节律进行研究,旨在丰富野骆驼行为生态学基础资料,为其进一步保护和管理提供科学依据。【方法】2012年10—12月期间,采用目标动物取样法对在甘肃敦煌西湖国家级自然保护区进行试验性放归的4峰野骆驼(2雄2雌)进行昼间行为的观测。将野骆驼的行为分为6类:休息、警戒、运动、采食、反刍和其他行为。【结果】时间分配上雄性采食行为时间比例最高,为28.13%±10.42%,雌性野骆驼由于适应新的环境表现出警戒行为比例最高,为28.22%±10.74%。观察期间雌、雄性野骆驼行为时间分配无显著差异。随月份变化,野骆驼休息、警戒和反刍时间呈下降趋势,运动时间和采食时间呈上升趋势。野骆驼昼间警戒和运动行为存在晨昏活动的高峰,其采食行为有2个高峰时段,出现在当地时间日出之后(9:00—10:00)和日落之前(14:00—16:00),野骆驼的休息高峰出现在中午时分(11:00—13:00)。散养条件下野骆驼行为时间分配和活动节律与大多数有蹄类动物类似。【结论】散养条件下野骆驼行为时间分配和活动节律与大多数有蹄类动物相似,相关数据可为其进一步保护和管理提供参考。

关键词: 散养, 野生双峰驼, 行为时间分配, 活动节律

Abstract:

The wild Bactrian camel is a critically endangered species, and has high adaptability in extreme arid environments of Central Asia. Most researches about wild camel are limited on the field survey as the species is alert and distributed in arid and semi-arid areas. There are great knowledge gaps concerning the behavior ecology of the wild camels. From October to December in 2012, the behavioral time budget and diurnal activity rhythm of four released wild camels (two males and two females) in a semi-free environment were observed by the focal animal sampling method in Gansu Dunhuang Wetland National Nature Reserve. The behaviors were divided into six categories, resting, vigilance, moving, foraging, rumination and ‘the others’. The results showed that there was a significant difference in time expenditure on different behaviors by using the Kruskal-Wallis H test (P<0.01). However,there was no significant difference in time expenditure ratio on different behaviors between males and females by using Mann-Whitney U test (P>0.05). For the males, 28.13%±10.42% of diurnal time was spent on foraging, 23.63%±14.47% on moving, 22.15%±5.46% on vigilance, 18.84%±14.96% on resting, 4.79%±4.45% on rumination and 2.46%±1.98% on ‘the others’. For the females, due to the new environment, most of the time was spent on vigilance, accounting for 28.22%±10.74% of diurnal time, 24.47%±10.92% of diurnal time was on foraging, 19.68%±4.06% on resting, 18.29%±7.14% on moving, 5.48%±4.44% on rumination and 3.86%±2.26% on ‘the others’. As time passed, diurnal time expenditure on resting, vigilance and rumination showed a decreasing trend, on the contrary, time spent on moving and foraging expressed an increasing trend. For the males, the peaks of resting, vigilance and moving, foraging occurred at 13:00-14:00, 10:00-11:00 and 17:00-18:00, 11:00-12:00 and 15:00-16:00, respectively. For the females, the peaks of resting, vigilance and moving, foraging occurred at 14:00-15:00, 10:00-11:00 and 17:00-18:00, 11:00-12:00 and 16:00-17:00, respectively. Among different months, the resting, vigilance and foraging behaviors of females were significantly different (P<0.05). However, results of the Kruskal-Wallis H test suggested that there were no significant differences in all behaviors of males among different months. The behavioral time budget and diurnal activity rhythm of wild camels during initial releasing period expressed the similar strategy like most of ungulates. These results would be helpful to understand wild camels' behavioral ecology, and provide a guide for the conservation and management of wild camels.

Key words: semi-free environment, wild Bactrian camel, behavioral time budget, diurnal activity rhythm

中图分类号:

ST18.65

薛亚东, 孙志成, 吴鹏, 张于光, 李迪强. 散养条件下野生双峰驼初冬活动时间分配及节律[J]. 林业科学, 2015, 51(2): 169-174.

Xue Yadong, Sun Zhicheng, Wu Peng, Zhang Yuguang, Li Diqiang. Time Budgets and Diurnal Activity Rhythms of Re-Introduced Wild Bactrian Camels in Semi-Free Environment during Early Winter[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2015, 51(2): 169-174.

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散养条件下野生双峰驼初冬活动时间分配及节律

Time Budgets and Diurnal Activity Rhythms of Re-Introduced Wild Bactrian Camels in Semi-Free Environment during Early Winter

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