海南油楠的重要生物学特性及产油特征

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20140421

林业科学 ›› 2014, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (4): 144-151.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20140421

海南油楠的重要生物学特性及产油特征

吴忠锋¹, 杨锦昌¹, 成铁龙², 尹光天¹, 许涵¹, 刘志龙³

1. 中国林业科学研究院热带林业研究所广州 510520;
2. 中国林业科学研究院科技管理处北京 100091;
3. 中国林业科学研究院热带林业实验中心凭祥 532600

收稿日期:2013-07-30 修回日期:2013-11-20 出版日期:2014-04-25 发布日期:2014-05-06
基金资助:
中国林业科学研究院基本科研业务费专项（CAFYBB2011005-8）；热林所基本科研业务费专项（RITFYWZX201206）。

Biological Characteristics and Oleoresin Production of Sindora glabra in Hainan Island

Wu Zhongfeng¹, Yang Jinchang¹, Cheng Tielong², Yin Guangtian¹, Xu Han¹, Liu Zhilong³

1. Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, CAF Guangzhou, 510520;
2. Division of Science & Technology, CAF Beijing 100091;
3. Experimental Center of Tropical Forestry, CAF Pingxiang 532600

Received:2013-07-30 Revised:2013-11-20 Online:2014-04-25 Published:2014-05-06
Contact: 杨锦昌

摘要/Abstract

关键词: 油楠, 资源分布, 产油特征, 种子大小, 结实习性

Abstract:

Sindora glabra belongs to genus Sindora of family Caesalpiniaceae and is one of Second Class Key Protected Wild Plants in China with multiple uses. In order to further understand its biological characteristics and promote the conservation and utilization of its resources, we investigated the germplasm resources, distribution habitat, community characteristics, seed characteristics, and growing habitat of seedlings and adult plants. The oleoresin production biology was studied by drilling trunk and regularly collecting the oleoresin. The results showed that S. glabra plants distributed mainly in an attitude range of 200-700 m downhill of the tropical lowland rain forest and the tropical ravine rain forest of Lingshui, Sanya, Wuzhishan, Ledong, Dongfang, Changjiang and Baisha. Most of them grew in yellow soil and laterite formed from granite without slope aspect preference. In the Jianfengling nature reserve S. glabra was scattered in the forest communities with the relative density of 0.43% and relative frequency of 0.87%. There was significant phenomenon of alternate bearing with mean fruiting period of 3.5 years. The average seed length, width, thickness and grain weight of S. glabra were 1.93 cm, 1.56 cm, 1.00 cm, 2.048 2 kg, respectively. Both seed size and grain weight were significantly different between populations and among individuals while the variation between populations was greater than that between individuals. Growth rate of one-year-old seedlings was less than 50 cm in height and about 0.50 cm in ground diameter, indicating the S. glabra seedlings grew slowly compared with other tropical tree species. Growth speed of adult plants varied in different introducing areas of S. glabra with annual increment range of 0.56-1.17 cm in DBH and 0.22-0.61 m in height, respectively. S. glabra in natural forests grew slightly slower with the DBH and height increment of 0.48 cm and 0.17 m per year compared with in introducing areas, however it had the moderate growth compared with other tropical tree species. The on-site oleoresin draining from perforated trunk was less than 20%, but the proportion from trunk perforated half year ago increased to more than 90%, suggesting that the perforation damage promoted oil-producing. The on-site oleoresin yield from perforated trunk varied dramatically among S. glabra individuals with the maximal yield of 46.57 L, and annual oleoresin yields fluctuated from less than 0.01 to 3.00 L among different individuals with the mean value of 0.55 L. The oleoresin yield increased with the diameter at breast height (DBH) from 0.23-1.08 L per tree with the peak value of 1.08 L in the DHB of 61-70 cm.

Key words: Sindora glabra, distribution of resources, oleoresin production biology, seed size, flowering habitat

中图分类号:

S718.41

吴忠锋, 杨锦昌, 成铁龙, 尹光天, 许涵, 刘志龙. 海南油楠的重要生物学特性及产油特征[J]. 林业科学, 2014, 50(4): 144-151.

Wu Zhongfeng, Yang Jinchang, Cheng Tielong, Yin Guangtian, Xu Han, Liu Zhilong. Biological Characteristics and Oleoresin Production of Sindora glabra in Hainan Island[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2014, 50(4): 144-151.

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[1]	杨锦昌;尹光天;吴仲民;李荣生;邹文涛;施国政. 海南尖峰岭油楠树脂油的主要理化特性[J]. 林业科学, 2011, 47(9): 21-27.
[2]	陈红马益新王海洋. 缙云山常绿阔叶林木本植物种子大小变异及成因探讨[J]. 林业科学, 2008, 44(3): 156-161.

海南油楠的重要生物学特性及产油特征

Biological Characteristics and Oleoresin Production of Sindora glabra in Hainan Island

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