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林业科学 ›› 2013, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (11): 51-59.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20131107

• 论文与研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

垂柳和旱柳对镉的积累及生长光合响应比较分析

贾中民1,2, 王力1, 魏虹1, 冯汉茹3, 李昌晓1   

  1. 1. 西南大学生命科学学院 三峡库区生态环境教育部重点实验室 重庆 400715;
    2. 重庆市地质矿产勘查开发局川东南地质大队 重庆 400038;
    3. 重庆市凤鸣山中学 重庆 400037
  • 收稿日期:2012-09-18 修回日期:2013-03-05 出版日期:2013-11-25 发布日期:2013-11-26
  • 通讯作者: 魏虹
  • 基金资助:

    国家林业公益性行业科研专项（201004039）；国家教育部“留学回国人员科研启动金”（教外司留 [2010]1561号）；重庆市自然科学基金项目（CSTC-2010BB7003,CSTC2012jjA8003）；重庆市基础与前沿研究计划重点项目（CSTC2013JJB00004）。

Comparative Analysis of Salix babylonica and Salix matsudana for Their Cadmium Accumulation, Growth and Photosynthesis in Response to Cadmium Contamination

Jia Zhongmin1,2, Wang Li1, Wei Hong1, Feng Hanru3, Li Changxiao1   

  1. 1. Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region of Ministry of Education College of Life Science, Southwest University Chongqing 400715;
    2. Southeast Sichuan Geological Group, Chongqing Bureau of Geology and Minerals Exploration Chongqing 400038;
    3. Chongqing Fengmingshan Middle School Chongqing 400037
  • Received:2012-09-18 Revised:2013-03-05 Online:2013-11-25 Published:2013-11-26

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摘要：

以垂柳和旱柳插条为研究对象，采用营养液培养方式，设置0 （对照组），5，10，20，50 mg·L-1（以纯Cd计）5个不同条件处理组，研究垂柳和旱柳的生长、生物量、根系形态特征、光合作用及其镉含量。结果表明：1）由生物量和生长指标评价的耐性指数Ti （%）随着营养液镉浓度的增加而下降，垂柳和旱柳在镉浓度为5，10 mg·L-1时Ti分别为79.30，73.11和98.48，90.69，具有较高的镉耐受能力，且旱柳镉耐受能力大于垂柳。2）随着镉胁迫浓度的增加，垂柳根长和根表面积显著下降（P<0.05），垂柳根体积和旱柳根长、根表面积、根体积先增加后下降，而2树种根平均直径显著增加（P<0.05）。3）镉胁迫抑制垂柳和旱柳叶片生长发育过程中光合色素的合成，但对已成熟叶色素积累影响较小；垂柳幼苗净光合速率（Pn）在镉浓度5 mg·L-1时、旱柳幼苗净光合速率在镉浓度10 mg·L-1时与对照相比显著上升（P<0.05），而后开始显著下降（P<0.05），10 mg·L-1时垂柳幼苗Pn也具有对照植株的86.47%；垂柳和旱柳幼苗的气孔导度（Gs）、蒸腾速率（Tr）、胞间CO2浓度（Ci）与其净光合速率（Pn）变化一致，但未达到显著增大水平；垂柳光合参数显著下降时的镉胁迫浓度小于旱柳，说明旱柳对镉的光合适应能力大于垂柳，尤其是10 mg·L-1以下。4）垂柳和旱柳根镉含量大于地上部分镉含量，垂柳转移系数介于0.02~0.15之间，旱柳转移系数介于0.08~0.51之间，是垂柳的1.71~5.18倍，10 mg·L-1时垂柳和旱柳地上部分平均镉积累浓度分别达到130.42 mg·kg-1 DW和273.72 mg·kg-1 DW。综上所述，垂柳和旱柳萌条在镉浓度小于10 mg·L-1时具有较强的生长适应性和光合适应能力，镉耐受性较高，且旱柳镉耐受能力大于垂柳；同时旱柳地上部分积累镉的能力和向地上部分转移镉的能力均大于垂柳。研究证实，垂柳和旱柳可以用于土壤镉污染地区的修复，但旱柳具有更大的应用潜力。

关键词: 垂柳, 旱柳, 镉, 耐性, 积累, 生长, 光合响应

Abstract:

In this paper, a hydroponic experiment of Salix babylonica and S. matsudana was conducted to evaluate the phytoremediation capability to cadmium contamination. The rooted cuttings were exposed to 0, 5, 10, 20, 50 mg Cd·L-1 for four weeks in a growth chamber. Growth, biomass, photosynthesis and cadmium content distribution in various parts of the plants were measured. It was found that: 1) The tolerance indexes (Ti) (%) based on the dry biomass and growth parameters decreased with increasing cadmium concentration in culture solution. The Ti of S. babylonica and S. matsudana reached 79.30, 73.11 and 98.48, 90.69 in 5 and 10 mg·L-1, respectively. The two species were able to be defined as highly tolerant by a standard of (Ti>60), and S. matsudana had higher tolerance than S. babylonica. 2) The root length and surface area of S. babylonica decreased significantly with increasing cadmium, while the root length, surface area and volume of S. matsudana as well as the root volume of S. babylonica increased firstly, and then decreased. Root average diameter of the two species increased significantly with increased cadmium content. 3) Cadmium inhibited the chlorophyll biosynthesis of developing leaves of S. babylonica and S. matsudana, however had no significant effect on the pigments in mature leaves. The net photosynthetic rate (Pn) of S. babylonica seedlings in 5 mg·L-1 and S. matsudana seedlings in 10 mg·L-1 increased significantly (P<0.05), and then decreased significantly (P<0.05), compared with the control. But the Pn of S. babylonica seedlings in 10 mg·L-1 still had 86.47% of the controlled plants. The stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) of the two species had similar variation patterns to the Pn, but the variations were not significant except in 50 mg·L-1. Cadmium content at which the gas exchange of S. babylonica decreased significantly was lower than that of S. matsudana, indicating that tolerance of S. matsudana was higher than that of S. babylonica. 4) Cadmium accumulation in roots of the two species was higher than in the shoots in 5-50 mg·L-1 of cadmium. The cadmium translocation factor (Tf) of S. matsudana was 0.08-0.51, being 1.71-5.18 times than that of S. babylonica (0.02-0.15). The Cd concentrations in the aerial parts of S. babylonica and S. matsudana cultured in 10 mg·L-1 Cd reached to 130.42 mg·kg-1 DW and 273.72 mg·kg-1 DW, respectively. The results indicated that S. babylonica and S. matsudana had a higher adaptability of growth and photosynthesis to cadmium when Cd content in hydroponics was less than 10 mg·L-1, especially 5 mg·L-1, and thus had a high tolerance to cadmium. The capability of translocation and accumulation in aerial parts of S. matsudana was greater than that of S. babylonica. Therefore the two species hold promise for phytoextraction in cadmium-contaminated areas, especially S. matsudana. However a longer field-scale study on cadmium-contaminated soils is needed before their role in phytoremediation can be confirmed.

Key words: Salix babylonica, Salix matsudana, cadmium, tolerance, accumulation, growth, photosynthetic response

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