欢迎访问林业科学,今天是

林业科学 ›› 2013, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (9): 8-15.

• 论文与研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

鼎湖山3种不同演替阶段森林凋落物的持水特性

刘效东1,2, 乔玉娜1, 周国逸1, 肖崟1,2, 张德强1   

  1. 1. 中国科学院华南植物园 广州 510650;
    2. 中国科学院大学 北京 100049
  • 收稿日期:2012-07-25 修回日期:2013-07-15 出版日期:2013-09-25 发布日期:2013-09-19
  • 通讯作者: 周国逸
  • 基金资助:

    国家重点基础研究发展规划(973计划)(2009CB421101)。

Water-Holding Characteristics of Litters in Three Forests at Different Successional Stages in Dinghushan

Liu Xiaodong1,2, Qiao Yuna1, Zhou Guoyi1, Xiao Yin1,2, Zhang Deqiang1   

  1. 1. South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510650;
    2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049
  • Received:2012-07-25 Revised:2013-07-15 Online:2013-09-25 Published:2013-09-19

摘要:

研究鼎湖山自然保护区内处于演替前期的马尾松针叶林(PF)、处于演替中期的马尾松针阔混交林(MF)和处于演替顶极阶段的季风常绿阔叶林(MEBF)3种群落的凋落物及其不同分解层的现存量、持水量、持水速率和持水率。结果表明:凋落物现存量表现为PF(21.96t·hm-2)>MF(14.59t·hm-2)>MEBF(10.40t·hm-2),顶极群落MEBF凋落物现存量最小;3种群落凋落物最大持水量为13.68~50.10t·hm-2,持水深表现为PF(5.0mm)>MF(2.8mm)>MEBF(1.4mm);PF凋落物已分解层持水量占凋落物持水总量比重大(44.3%),而MEBF已分解层的贡献仅为16.7%;凋落物及其各分解层的持水量均随浸水时间呈对数关系增加,其截持水过程主要发生在0.5~2h内,0.5h内平均持水速率表现为PF(4.35mm·h-1)>MF(2.22mm·h-1)>MEBF(1.19mm·h-1),均随浸水时间的增加按幂函数方程降低;凋落物最大持水率表现为PF(306.3%)>MF(289.0%)>MEBF(239.3%),且伴随PF→MF→MEBF的演替,半分解层及已分解层凋落物的持水率即持水能力明显降低;演替早期PF凋落物具有较高的降水截留能力,尤其是其凋落物的已分解层,而后期MEBF凋落物未分解层对整体截留能力贡献大。

关键词: 鼎湖山, 森林演替, 凋落物, 持水量, 持水特性, 水文效益

Abstract:

Water storage, water-holding capacity, water-absorption rate, and water-holding rate of the litters in three forests at different successional stages in the Dinghushan Biosphere Reserve in the subtropical region of southern China were studied using the field survey and laboratory soaking extraction methods. The three forests included a regional climax (monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest, or MEBF), a transitional forest (mixed Pinus massoniana/broad-leaved forest, or MF), and a pioneer forest (P. massoniana forest, or PF). The results showed that the litter water storage decreased along the successional gradient in the order of PF (21.96 t·hm-2) > MF (14.59 t·hm-2) > MEBF (10.40 t·hm-2). The maximum water-holding capacity of litters in Dinghushan was between 13.68-50.10 t·hm-2, in an order of PF(5.0 mm) > MF (2.8 mm) > MEBF (1.4 mm). The decomposed layer of litters took up a large portion of total water-holding capacity in PF (44.3%), while it was only 16.7% in late-succession stage MEBF. The total water-holding capacity and proportional water holding capacity of litters increased logarithmically with increasing immersion time. Additionally, the water-holding process of forest litters occurred mainly in 0.5-2 h, and the average water-holding rate in 0.5 h was 4.35 mm·h-1 in PF, 2.22 mm·h-1 in MF,1.19 mm·h-1 in MEBF, respectively. The rates decreased according to the equation WA = a·t -b with the increasing immersion time. The order of the maximum water-holding rate in the three forests was PF (306.3%) > MF (289.0%) > MEBF (239.3%), and with natural succession from planted PF to climax MEBF, the maximum water-holding rate which represented the water-holding ability of different litters decreased obviously. As described above, the PF litters, especially in the decomposed layer, had a higher water-holding ability compared to the other two forest types, while the un-decomposed layer of litters in late-succession stage MEBF played. a more important role.

Key words: Dinghushan, forest succession, litter, water-holding capacity, water-holding characteristics, hydrological benefits

中图分类号: