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林业科学 ›› 2009, Vol. 12 ›› Issue (3): 40-48.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20090308

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

天山中部3种自然生境下天山雪莲的光合生理生态特性

刘 华1,2 臧润国2 张新平3 丁 易2 江晓珩3 张炜银2 郭仲军3 白志强3 张毓涛3   

  1. (1. 安徽农业大学林学与园林学院 合肥230036; 2.中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所 国家林业局森林生态与环境重点实验室 北京100091; 3.新疆林业科学研究院森林生态研究所 乌鲁木齐830000)
  • 收稿日期:2008-02-29 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:2009-03-25 发布日期:2009-03-25

Photosynthetic and Ecophysiological Characteristics of Snow Lotus (Saussuea involucrata)in Its Natural Conditions in the Central Part of Tianshan Mountains

Liu Hua 1,2,Zang Runguo2,Zhang Xinping3,Ding Yi2,Jiang Xiaoheng3,Zhang Weiyin2,Guo Zhongjun3,Bai Zhiqiang3,Zhang Yutao3   

  1. (1. School of Forestry & Landscape Architecture,Anhui Agricultural University Hefei 230036;2. Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment,State Forestry Administration Institute of Forest Ecology,Environment and Protection,CAF Beijing 100091; 3. Institute of Forest Ecology,Xinjiang Academy of Forestry Urumqi 830000)
  • Received:2008-02-29 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:2009-03-25 Published:2009-03-25

摘要:

摘 要: 2006年8月2—8日的连续晴天中,在天山中部的国家林业局天山森林生态系统定位站野生天山雪莲自然分布区3种生境(分布下限区2 630 m,中部区2 740 m,上限区2 890 m),利用便携式光合测定仪LI6400测定天山雪莲野生植株的光合生理生态特性。分布下限区、中部区和上限区天山雪莲的光补偿点(LCP)分别为(15.69±0.31),(15.94±0.05)和(19.93±0.12)μmol·m-2s-1,光饱和点(LSP)在1 550~1 610 μmol·m-2s-1之间,3者之间无差异性,而3者间的最大净光合速率(Pmax)差异显著。表观量子效率(AQY)在3个生境之间差异不显著,但在上限区处的羧化效率(CE)分别与下限区和中部区处的差异显著。相同生境下天山雪莲的光呼吸速率值(R p)要高于暗呼吸速率值(Rd),且下限区处的光呼吸速率分别与中部区和上限区处的有显著的差异。下限区全天接受日光直接照射的天山雪莲的净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率
(Tr)和气孔导度(Gs)的日变化为单峰曲线,在中部区和上限区未接受到太阳直接
辐射时段的P n值随时间迅速下降,T r下降缓慢,而Gs则有所上升。随着海拔的升高,天山雪莲Pn的日均值降低,但光能利用率(PE)却显著增加。不同生境下天山雪莲的水分利用效率(WUE)和气孔限制值(L s)没有显著差异。天山雪莲的P n与叶温(T l)、大气温度(Ta)和光照强度(PAR)具有极显著的正相关,与海拔高度(E)呈显著的负相关,但与空气相对湿度(RH)和大气CO2浓度(Ca)之间的相关性均不显著。Tr与T a,Tl和PAR具有极显著的正相关性,与RH之间存在显著的负相关。G s只与C a浓度之间呈极显著的负相关,与其他因子之间相关性不显著。Pn与Tr,Gs和叶温下蒸汽压亏缺(Vpdl)分别具有极显著的正相关性,与C 呈极显著的负相关。通过对不同海拔高度内光合生理参数与光、温等生态因子关系的对比分析表明: 天山雪莲具有一定的对高山自然环境变化的温度和光强有明显的生态适应性。

关键词: 关键词: 雪莲, 净光合速率, 蒸腾速率, 气孔导度, 天山

Abstract:

Abstract: Saussuea involucrata is a rare and endangered alpine species, and it is widely used utilization in traditional Chinese medicine. It naturally distributes in the elevation range of 2 400~4 000 m in the Tianshan Mountains of northwest China. Its adaptability to the natural environmental conditions is the basis for its conservation and reproduction,but this aspect has rarely been studied. In this paper,we selected typical plants of S. involucrata in three elevation (the low,middle and high) zones of its natural distribution,measured and compared the photosynthetic and relevant ecophysiological characteristics. Through analysis of these characteristics,we can further understand the adaptability to its natural environment,and lay scientific basis for the conservation and sustainable utilization for this rare and endangered species. We divided the natural distribution habitats of S. involucrate into three zones,i.e. the low elevation zone (2 600~2 650 m),the middle elevation zone (2 651~2 850 m),and the high elevation zone (≥2 851 m). The photosynthetic and relevant ecophysiological characteristics for each one leaf from each of the five plants of S. involucrate were selected in each zone. The photosynthetic and related ecophysiological characteristics of S. involucrata were measured by Portable LI6400 Photosynthesis System from 2 August to 8 August,2006. The results showed that light compensation point(LCP) of S. involucrate in the three zones was (1569±031)μmol·m-2s-1,(1594±005)μmol·m-2s-1,and (19.93±0.12)μmol·m-2s-1,respectively. Light saturation point (LSP) of them were 1 550~1 610 μmol·m-2s-1,without significantly difference among the three elevation. There was no significant difference in apparent quantum requirement (AQY) of S. involucrate among the three zones,while significant difference existed among the maximum net photosynthetic rate (Pmax) among the three. However, carboxylation efficiency (CE) of S. involucrate in high elevation zone was significantly different with those in the lower middle elevation zones respectively. In the same site,photosynthetic respiration rate (Rp) of S. involucrate was higher than dark respiration rate (Rd). From 8: 00 O'clock to 20: 00 O'clock,the diurnal changes of Pn,Tr,and Gs were single peak in the low elevation zone. When S. involucrate did not receive direct sunlight radiation,Pn decreased quicklyTr decreased slowly while Gs increased. This showed that stomatal characteristics of S. involucrate had strong sensitivity to light. From low or high elevation mean value of Pn in a day decreased with elevation,while PE increased with elevation. But the changes of WUE and Ls had no significant relationship with elevation. Pn of S. involucrate was significant and positively correlated with T l,Ta,and PAR,negatively correlated with E,and had no significant correlation with RH and C a. The Tr of S. involucrate significantly and positively correlated with Tl,Ta,and PAR,negatively correlated with RH. The Gs of S. involucrate negatively correlated with Ca. The Pn of S. involucrate significantly and positively correlated with Tr,Gs and Vpdl,negatively correlated with Ci.

Key words: Key words: Saussuea involucrata, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration, stomatal conductance, Tianshan Mountains