我国西部边疆地区水生态安全评价——以西双版纳澜沧江流域为例

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20250353

林业科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (5): 168-178.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20250353

我国西部边疆地区水生态安全评价——以西双版纳澜沧江流域为例

王昌海¹,李奥²,张蔚³,高跃婷^4,*()

1. 中国社会科学院大学政府管理学院　北京 102488
2. 中共新疆生产建设兵团第七师委员会党校　胡杨河834034
3. 中国社会科学院大学应用经济学院　北京 102488
4. 云南农业大学经济管理学院　昆明 650201

收稿日期:2025-06-03 修回日期:2025-08-12 出版日期:2026-05-10 发布日期:2026-05-12
通讯作者: 高跃婷 E-mail:gaoyt@ynau.edu.cn
基金资助:
云南省乡村振兴研究院重点项目“我国新时代西部边疆地区生态安全评价研究”（ZXY20240416）；中国社会科学院习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想研究阐释工程2025年度重点项目“习近平生态文明思想原创性、标识性概念研究”（2025XYZD02）。

Assessment of Water Ecological Security Assessment in Western Border Areas of China: A Case Study of Lancang River Basin in Xishuangbanna

Changhai Wang¹,Ao Li²,Wei Zhang³,Yueting Gao^4,*()

1. School of Government, University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences　Beijing 102488
2. Party School of the Communist Party of China Committee of the 7th Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps　Huyanghe 834034
3. School of Applied Economics, University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences　Beijing 102488
4. College of Economics and Management, Yunnan Agricultural University　Kunming 650201

Received:2025-06-03 Revised:2025-08-12 Online:2026-05-10 Published:2026-05-12
Contact: Yueting Gao E-mail:gaoyt@ynau.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 科学评价我国西部边疆地区水生态安全状况，明确当前水生态安全面临的问题及其成因，为制定有效的流域水生态安全保护和管理措施、促进流域可持续发展提供理论依据。方法: 以西双版纳澜沧江流域为例，采用压力?状态?响应（PSR）模型作为理论框架，构建包括水资源、水环境、水生态系统以及社会经济等方面的综合评价体系。选取2012—2022年相关统计和监测数据，运用熵值法确定各指标权重，采用综合指数法分别计算压力、状态、响应3类子系统分值及整体水生态安全综合指数，识别流域演化特征并划分水生态安全等级。结果: 2012—2022年，西双版纳澜沧江流域水生态安全水平呈“低位—跃升—稳定”的趋势，提升近80%，流域水生态安全状况总体向好。压力指数整体呈“下降—回升—再降”的波动趋势，生态负荷仍具有长期性。状态指数在2019年前后2个时期均保持上升，反映出生态系统健康水平稳步恢复。响应指数自2015年后增长显著，反映出地方政府在国家生态文明政策推动下，治理正从外部投入驱动转向制度内生调节。结论: 基于PSR模型构建的水生态安全综合评价体系能够有效揭示西双版纳澜沧江流域水生态安全的演化路径，流域水生态系统健康状态持续改善，治理响应与生态状态协同演化趋势显著，制度性内生动力逐步显现，生态产品价值加速实现。然而，生态压力缓解仍存瓶颈，治理体系的韧性和统筹能力需进一步提升。本研究提出强化生态压力识别与源头调控、构建复合型治理体系、筑牢国家生态安全屏障等政策建议，为提升区域水生态系统治理效率、增强系统韧性提供科学参考，也为其他边疆河谷区域开展水生态安全评价提供理论基础和经验范式。

关键词: 西部边疆地区, 水生态安全, 西双版纳澜沧江流域, 压力?状态?响应模型, 综合指数法

Abstract:

Objective: This study aims to scientifically assess the water ecological security status of the Xishuangbanna Lancang River Basin, and identify the current problems and their causes, so as to provide a theoretical basis for formulating effective measures to protect and manage watershed water ecological security and promoting sustainable development in the basin. Method: This study was conducted in the Xishuangbanna section of the Lancang River Basin. The pressure-state-response (PSR) model was adopted as the theoretical framework, to construct a comprehensive evaluation index system that includes water resources, water environment, aquatic ecosystems, and socioeconomic conditions. With the statistical and monitoring data from 2012 to 2022, the entropy weight method was applied to determine the weights of each indicator. The comprehensive index method was used to calculate subsystem scores of three subsystems: pressure, state, and response, as well as the overall water ecological security index. The evolutionary characteristics of the basin were identified, and the water ecological security levels were then classified. Result: From 2012 to 2022, the water ecological security level of the Lancang River Basin in Xishuangbanna exhibited a “low-rapid rise-stabilization” trend, with an overall increase of nearly 80%, indicating a generally improving ecological condition. The pressure index showed a “decline-rebound-decline again” pattern, indicating that ecological stress remains long-term characteristics. The state index steadily increased before and after 2019, reflecting a gradual improvement in ecosystem health. The response index has grown significantly since 2015, reflecting that under the promotion of national ecological civilization policies, local governments are shifting their governance from external input driven to endogenous institutional adjustment. Conclusion: The PSR-based evaluation system can effectively reveal the evolutionary path of water ecological security in the Lancang River Basin, Xishuangbanna. The health status of the basin’s water ecosystem continues to improve, and there is a trend of significant synergy evolution between governance response and ecological status. The endogenous institutional dynamics is gradually emerging, and the value of eco-products is accelerating realization. However, there are still bottlenecks in relieving ecological pressure, and the resilience and coordination ability of the governance system needs to be further improved. Therefore, the study proposes policy recommendations including strengthening pressure identification and source control, building a composite governance system, and reinforcing the national ecological security barrier. These insights offer theoretical and practical guidance for similar river valley regions in China’s border areas undertaking water ecological security assessments.

Key words: western frontier region, water ecological security, Lancang River Basin in Xishuangbanna, pressure-state-response (PSR) model, composite index method

中图分类号:

X826

王昌海,李奥,张蔚,高跃婷. 我国西部边疆地区水生态安全评价——以西双版纳澜沧江流域为例[J]. 林业科学, 2026, 62(5): 168-178.

Changhai Wang,Ao Li,Wei Zhang,Yueting Gao. Assessment of Water Ecological Security Assessment in Western Border Areas of China: A Case Study of Lancang River Basin in Xishuangbanna[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2026, 62(5): 168-178.

图/表 4

表1

表2

西双版纳澜沧江流域水生态安全状况指数分级标准"

等级 Grade		指数分值Index score range	西双版纳澜沧江流域水生态安全特征 Characteristics of water ecological security in the Lancang River Basin of Xishuangbanna
Ⅰ	非常安全 Very safe	0.8~1.0	水生态系统结构完整、功能健全，水资源供需高度协调，水质指标全面达标，流域生态状态优良，生态服务能力稳定，治理体系高效，是流域水生态的理想状态 The water ecosystem has an intact structure and sound functions. Water resource supply and demand are highly coordinated, all water quality indicators meet the standards, and the ecological status of the basin is excellent. Ecological service capacity is stable and the governance system is efficient, representing the ideal state of water ecological security
Ⅱ	安全 Safe	0.6~0.8	水生态系统结构完整、总体稳定，资源承载与人类活动基本协调，生态服务能力稳定，治理体系完善，是流域水生态的良好状态 The ecosystem structure is intact and generally stable. Resource carrying capacity is basically in balance with human activities. Ecological services are stable, and the governance system is well-developed, representing a good ecological condition of the basin
Ⅲ	一般安全 Moderately safe	0.4~0.6	水生态系统总体稳定，韧性有限，资源承载与人类活动存在结构性矛盾，生态服务产出具有不确定性，治理措施相对到位，是流域水生态的普通状态 The ecosystem is generally stable but has limited resilience. Structural conflicts exist between resource carrying capacity and human activity. Ecological service output is uncertain, and governance measures are relatively in place, representing an ordinary state of water ecological security
Ⅳ	不安全 Unsafe	0.2~0.4	水生态系统处于亚健康状态，资源开发超载、水环境污染较为突出，生态结构受损、服务功能下降。治理体系响应滞后，生态恢复缓慢，面临较高系统性风险 The ecosystem is in a sub-healthy state, with overloaded resource exploitation and significant water pollution. Ecological structure is damaged and service functions are declining. The governance system responds slowly and ecological restoration progresses poorly, posing considerable systemic risks
Ⅴ	非常不安全 Very unsafe	0~0.2	水生态系统严重退化，资源承载力失衡，水质普遍不达标，生态系统功能崩解，难以维持基本生态安全底线。治理机制失效或缺位，局部区域生态灾害频发，处于高风险状态 The ecosystem is severely degraded, resource carrying capacity is out of balance, and water quality generally fails to meet standards. Ecological functions are collapsing, making it difficult to maintain even basic ecological safety. The governance mechanism is ineffective or absent, with frequent localized ecological disasters and high overall risk

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表3

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目标层 Target level	准则层 PSR component	指标层 Indicator	单位 Unit	指标属性 Indicator type	权重 Weight
西双版纳澜沧江流域水生态安全状况 Water ecological security situation of Lancang River Basin in Xishuangbanna	压力 Pressure	人口密度 Population density （C₁）	km^?2	负 Negative	0.086 2
		游客接待量 Number of tourists received （C₂）	10⁴ person	负 Negative	0.072 8
		用水总量 Total volume of water use （C₃）	10⁸ m³	负 Negative	0.031 4
		废水排放总量 Total volume of waste water discharged （C₄）	10⁴ t	负 Negative	0.044 4
		化肥施用量 Consumption of chemical fertilizer （C₅）	10⁴ t	负 Negative	0.070 2
		农药使用量 Pesticides usage （C₆）	10⁴ t	负 Negative	0.053 6
	状态 State	人均可支配收入 Per capita disposable income （C₇）	yuan	正 Positive	0.071 6
		人均水资源量偏离指数 Deviation index of per capita water resources （C₈）	%	正 Positive	0.097 0
		地表水环境质量 Surface water environmental quality （C₉）		正 Positive	0.065 7
		全州森林覆盖率 Forest coverage rate of the whole prefecture （C₁₀）	%	正 Positive	0.089 3
	响应 Response	城市污水处理率 Urban sewage treatment rate （C₁₁）	%	正 Positive	0.052 2
		万元GDP用水量 Water consumption per 10 000 RMB of GDP （C₁₂）	m³	负 Negative	0.038 2
		第三产业增加值比重 Proportion of added value in tertiary industry（C₁₃）	%	正 Positive	0.092 4
		造林总面积 Total afforestation area （C₁₄）	10⁴ hm²	正 Positive	0.135 2

指数Index	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
P	0.25	0.23	0.25	0.23	0.21	0.19	0.20	0.19	0.22	0.22	0.20
S	0.05	0.06	0.09	0.13	0.18	0.23	0.27	0.15	0.19	0.19	0.23
R	0.02	0.03	0.05	0.11	0.18	0.24	0.17	0.19	0.18	0.16	0.16
I	0.32	0.32	0.40	0.47	0.56	0.65	0.64	0.54	0.58	0.58	0.58

我国西部边疆地区水生态安全评价——以西双版纳澜沧江流域为例

Assessment of Water Ecological Security Assessment in Western Border Areas of China: A Case Study of Lancang River Basin in Xishuangbanna

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