木结构墙体热工性能协同提升技术

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20250419

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 针对木结构墙体在严寒地区应用中暴露出的热工性能不足（如木骨架组合墙体传热系数达0.692 W·m^?2 K^?1）、声桥/热桥效应显著等瓶颈问题，结合现行节能、防火规范和实际工程对墙体厚度的要求，阐明木骨架组合墙体和正交胶合木（CLT）墙体的热传递机制失效机理，提出兼顾热工与隔声性能的协同优化技术路径，为严寒地区装配式建筑提供高综合性能墙体解决方案。方法: 采用标定热箱法对11面足尺木结构墙体（幅面尺寸1.5 m×1.5 m）进行热阻测试，并开展热工性能理论计算。结合前期研究的墙体隔声数据，对比分析木/轻钢龙骨交错设计、隔声垫层创新（木骨架与定向刨花板间增设橡胶隔声垫、轻钢骨架与石膏板间增设压缩玻璃棉）、复合构造（CLT墙体覆面木骨架、内填玻璃棉）对墙体热工性能的影响规律和提升效率。结果: 木结构墙体的热工和隔声性能实现协同提升，其中交错木骨柱墙体的传热系数降至0.251 W·m^?2 K^?1，较常规木骨架组合墙体降低63.7%；交错轻钢骨柱墙体的传热系数降至0.524 W·m^?2 K^?1，较轻钢龙骨式复合墙体降低47.7%；覆面木龙骨形成的CLT复合墙体的传热系数降至0.587 W·m^?2 K^?1，较CLT单层墙体提升40.2%，与仅增加层板数量的CLT单层墙体相比，其在墙体厚度（155 mm v.s. 175 mm）和面密度（70.0 kg·m^?2 v.s. 91.0 kg·m^?2）增加以及计权隔声量（40 dB v.s. 37 dB）和传热系数（0.587 W·m^?2 K^?1 v.s. 0.623 W·m^?2 K^?1）改善等方面实现全面突破，满足建筑墙体对热工和隔声性能的双重需求。除轻钢龙骨式复合墙体传热系数计算误差因钉节点热桥（穿透覆面板加剧热损失）较高外，其余墙体传热系数理论计算值误差均<15%，具有较高的计算效率和精度。结论: 木龙骨的声桥/热桥效应是制约木骨架组合墙体综合性能的主要原因，通过木骨柱交错设计可同步延长声波传递路径和热传导通道，弱化其声桥/热桥效应的不利影响。采用该技术措施的交错木骨柱组合墙体体系以较小厚度和面密度增加（厚度208 mm，面密度39.1 kg·m^?2）突破隔声?热工权衡瓶颈，满足严寒地区使用要求。对于CLT单层墙体，覆面木龙骨并填充岩棉的技术措施，其效率优于仅增加CLT层板数量。

关键词: 木结构墙体, 热工性能, 骨架优化, 热桥效应, 协同提升

Abstract:

Objective: To address critical bottlenecks of timber wall systems in severe cold regions, including inadequate thermal performance (e.g., heat transfer coefficient K=0.692 W·m^?2 K^?1 in light wood frame walls) and significant sound/thermal bridging effects, combined with practical requirements of current energy efficiency and fire safety codes for wall thickness, this study aims to elucidate thermal transfer failure mechanisms in light wood frame and cross-laminated timber (CLT) walls and proposes synergistic optimization strategies for integrated thermal and acoustic performance, thereby advancing high-performance wall solutions for prefabricated buildings in harsh climates. Method: The calibrated hot box method was used to examine thermal resistance (R) on 11 full-scale wall specimens (1.5 m × 1.5 m), and conduct theoretical calculations of thermal performance. Based on the prior airborne sound insulation research data, this study compared and analyzed the impact of staggered design of wood/light steel studs, innovative sound insulation cushion layer [adding rubber pads between wood frames and oriented strand boards (OSB), and adding compressed glass wool strips between light steel frames and gypsum boards (GB)], and composite configurations (CLT walls sheathed with wood frames and filled with glass wool) on the thermal performance of the wall and improves efficiency. Result: The thermal and acoustic performance was synergistically improved. Light wood frame walls with staggered wood studs reduced K to 0.251 W·m^?2K^?1, which is 63.7% lower than that of conventional light wood frame walls. The heat transfer coefficient of light steel frame walls with staggered steel studs was reduced to 0.524 W·m^?2K^?1, which is 47.7% lower than that of the light steel keel composite wall. The heat transfer coefficient of the CLT composite walls (wood frame-sheathed + glass wool) attained K=0.587 W·m^?2K^?1, which is 40.2% lower than that of single-layer CLT walls. Compared with the CLT single-layer wall with only an increase in the number of layers, the CLT composite wall achieved comprehensive breakthroughs in increasing the wall thickness (155 mm vs. 175 mm) and surface density (70.0 kg·m^?2 vs. 91.0 kg·m^?2), and improved the weighted sound insulation (40 dB vs. 37 dB) and heat transfer coefficient (0.587 W·m^?2K^?1 vs. 0.623 W·m^?2K^?1), meeting the dual requirements of thermal and sound insulation performance for building walls. Except for light steel frame walls due to the high heat loss caused by the nail node thermal bridge (penetrating the cladding panel), the theoretical K calculations showed <15% error for other walls, which has high calculation efficiency and accuracy. Conclusion: Sound/thermal bridging in studs critically constrains wood frame wall performance. Staggered framing disrupts vibration transmission paths and elongates thermal conduction channels, mitigating bridging effects. The optimized light wood frame walls with staggered wood studs (208 mm thick, 39.1 kg·m^?2) overcome the insulation-soundproofing trade-off, meeting severe cold region requirements. For single-layer CLT walls, the technical measures of sheathing with light wood frame filled with glass wool proves more efficient than increasing lamina layers.

Key words: timber structure wall, thermal performance, frame optimization, thermal bridging, synergistic enhancement

中图分类号:

岳孔,程传琦,包宇轩,胡文杰,吴鹏,李权. 木结构墙体热工性能协同提升技术[J]. 林业科学, 2026, 62(7): 176-185.

Kong Yue,Chuanqi Cheng,Yuxuan Bao,Wenjie Hu,Peng Wu,Quan Li. Synergistic Enhancement Technology for Thermal Performance of Timber Structure Walls[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2026, 62(7): 176-185.

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热工性能测试中木结构墙体构造"

试件Specimen	墙体类型 Wall type	墙骨架构造 Wall frame construction	覆面板 Sheathing panel	图示 Illustration
W_WF	木骨架组合墙体 Light wood frame walls	38 mm×89 mm SPF木骨架（@346.5 mm，内填玻璃棉） 38 mm×89 mm SPF wood frame (@346.5 mm， filled with glass wool)	GB+OSB	图1a Fig. 1a
W_WF，R	设置隔音材料的木骨架组合墙体 Light wood frame walls with soundproofing material	38 mm×89 mm SPF木骨架（@346.5 mm，内填玻璃棉），橡胶隔音垫设置在木骨架和OSB之间，金属弹性横槽设置在木骨架和GB之间 38 mm×89 mm SPF wood frame (@346.5 mm, filled with glass wool), rubber pads between wood frame and OSB, resilient channels between wood frame and GB	GB+OSB	图1b Fig. 1b
W_WF，S1	交错木骨柱墙体 Light wood frame walls with staggered wood studs	交错SPF木骨架（@346.5 mm，内填玻璃棉），内部骨柱高度89 mm，边骨柱高度140 mm SPF wood frame (@346.5 mm, filled with glass wool) with staggered studs, 89 mm high internal studs, 140 mm high side studs	GB+OSB	图2a Fig. 2a
W_WF，S2	交错木骨柱墙体 Light wood frame walls with staggered wood studs	SPF木骨架（@346.5 mm，内填玻璃棉），内部骨柱高度89 mm，边骨柱高度184 mm SPF wood frame (@346.5 mm, filled with glass wool) with staggered studs, 89 mm high internal studs, 184 mm high side studs	GB+OSB	图2b Fig. 2b
W_WF，S3	交错木骨柱墙体 Light wood frame walls with staggered wood studs	橡胶隔声垫和金属弹性横槽分别设置在交错SPF木骨架（@346.5 mm，内填玻璃棉）两侧，内部骨柱高度89 mm，边骨柱高度140 mm Rubber pads and metal resilient channels positioned on both sides of SPF wood frame (@346.5 mm, filled with glass) with staggered studs, 89 mm high internal studs, 140 mm high side studs	GB+OSB	图2c Fig. 2c
W_SF	轻钢龙骨式复合墙体 Light steel frame walls	轻钢骨架@600 mm，内填玻璃棉 Light steel frame @600 mm, filled with glass wool	两侧单层GB Single-layer GB, both sides	/
W_SF，S	交错轻钢骨柱墙体 Light steel frame walls with stagger steel studs	内部骨柱高度75 mm，边骨柱高度100 mm，轻钢骨架 @362.5 mm，内填玻璃棉 75 mm high internal steel studs, 100 mm high side steel studs, and light steel frame @362.5 mm, filled with glass wool	两侧单层GB Single-layer GB， both sides	图3a Fig. 3a
W_SF，S，SM	设置隔音材料的交错轻钢骨柱墙体	金属弹性横槽设置在轻钢骨架一侧，内部轻钢骨柱高度75 mm，边骨柱高度100 mm，轻钢骨架@362.5 mm，内填玻璃棉 Resilient channels positioned on side of light steel frame, 75 mm high internal studs, 100 mm high side studs, and light steel frame @362.5 mm, filled with glass wool	两侧双层GB Double-layer GB， both sides	图3b Fig. 3b
W_C105	CLT单层墙体 Single-layer CLT walls	/	/	/
W_C175	CLT单层墙体 Single-layer CLT walls	/	/	/
W_C105，WF	CLT复合墙体 CLT composite walls	38 mm×89 mm SPF木骨架@352.8 mm设置在墙体一侧（木骨柱平放），内填玻璃棉 38 mm×89 mm SPF wood frame with flat studs @352.8 mm, filled with glass wool	GB	图4 Fig. 4

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试件 Specimen	厚度 Thickness/ mm	面密度Surface density/（kg·m^?2）	计权隔声量 Weighted sound insulation index(R_w)/dB	热阻Thermal resistance/(m²·KW^?1)		误差 Error (%)	传热系数 Heat transfer coefficient/ (W·m^?2K^?1)
试件 Specimen	厚度 Thickness/ mm	面密度Surface density/（kg·m^?2）	计权隔声量 Weighted sound insulation index(R_w)/dB	实测值 Tested value	计算值 Calculated value	误差 Error (%)	传热系数 Heat transfer coefficient/ (W·m^?2K^?1)
W_WF	113	28.3	43	1.453	1.446	0.5	0.692
W_WF，R	137	45.5	45	1.890	1.664	12.0	0.601
W_WF，S1	164	34.1	50	2.409	2.469	?2.5	0.405
W_WF，S2	208	39.1	/	4.605	3.984	13.5	0.251
W_WF，S3	188	51.3	/	2.592	2.695	?4.0	0.371
W_SF	99	18.6	/	0.794	0.999	?25.8	1.001
W_SF，S	124	19.9	/	1.508	1.536	?1.9	0.651
W_SF，S，SM	162	36.0	/	1.703	1.908	?12.0	0.524
W_C105	105	54.6	33	1.056	1.024	3.0	0.977
W_C175	175	91.0	37	1.847	1.606	13.0	0.623
W_C105，WF	155	70.0	40^c	1.806	1.704	5.7	0.587
CLT_w	114	49.0	/	0.80~0.99	/	/	1.010~1.250
泡沫混凝土墙体 Foam concrete wall	200	>100	45	/	/	/	0.43
ALC复合墙体 ALC composite wall	275	157	43	/	/	/	0.329
W₁₈₄	252	/	/				0.464

材料Material	密度 Densities/(kg·m^?3)	导热系数 Thermal conductivity/(W·m^?1K^?1)
OSB	680	0.103
SPF	460	0.091
GB	578.3	0.148
轻钢Light steel	7 850	58.2
玻璃棉 Glass wool	38	0.040
CLT	460	0.12
橡胶垫 Rubber pads	/	0.150