林火阻隔带和阻隔体系研究进展

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20240141

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

气候变化和人类活动的加剧导致全球范围内林火频发的严重形势，对森林生态系统构成重要威胁。为有效防范和减缓林火蔓延，科学构建林火阻隔带和阻隔体系至关重要。首先，本研究阐述生物防火林带的阻火机理，包括树种选择、结构设计和火环境调控等方面，并探讨防火林带的选址、宽度设计、树种配置和空间布局等关键因素。其次，综述工程阻隔带的类型、作用及可燃物清理方法，并重点分析林区道路的规划与设计。再次，回顾阻隔带阻火效果的关键影响因素，并评估其潜在有效性，同时进一步分析不同评估方法的适用性和局限性。最后，从个5个方面对未来研究方向进行展望：生物防火林带多层复合设计；工程阻隔带多元化规划布局；绿色高效低成本的阻隔带可燃物管理技术；生物防火林带阻火效果评估技术；阻隔带最佳宽度和密度阈值确定方法。

关键词: 林火阻隔带, 林火阻隔体系, 生物防火林带, 工程阻隔带；可燃物管理；阻隔带效果评估

Abstract:

The intensification of climate change and human activities has led to a severe situation of frequent wildfires globally, posing a significant threat to forest ecosystems. Constructing effective firebreaks and firebreak systems is crucial for preventing and mitigating the spread of wildfires. This paper first outlines the mechanisms of biological firebreaks, including species selection, structural design, and fire environment regulation, and explores key factors such as site selection, width design, species configuration, and spatial layout for firebreaks. Secondly, the study reviews the types, functions, and methods of fuel removal for engineering firebreaks, with a focus on the planning and design of forest roads. Third, the study examines the key factors influencing the effectiveness of firebreaks and evaluates their practical efficacy, and further analyzing the applicability and limitations of different assessment methods. Finally, the study looks forward to future research directions in five specific areas: the multi-layered composite design of biological firebreaks; diversified planning and layout of engineering firebreaks; green, efficient, and low-cost fuel management technologies for firebreaks; assessment techniques for the fire-retardant effectiveness of biological firebreaks; methods for determining the optimal width and density threshold for firebreaks.

Key words: firebreak, firebreak system, biological firebreak, engineering firebreak; fuel management; firebreak effectiveness assessment

中图分类号:

S762

闫凯达,赵凤君,司莉青,舒立福,王明玉,李伟克,韩冬,李笑笑,周暖阳. 林火阻隔带和阻隔体系研究进展[J]. 林业科学, 2025, 61(1): 197-208.

Kaida Yan,Fengjun Zhao,Liqing Si,Lifu Shu,Mingyu Wang,Weike Li,Dong Han,Xiaoxiao Li,Nuanyang Zhou. Research Progress on Forest Firebreaks and Firebreak Systems[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2025, 61(1): 197-208.

图/表 2

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国家 Country	防火线 Firebreak construction	可燃物阻隔带 Fuelbreak construction	人工清理道路旁的可燃物 Manual clearance around roads	机械清理道路旁的可燃物 Mechanical clearance around roads	通过放牧降低可燃物载量 Grazing of cattle, sheep or goats	通过计划烧除清理可燃物 Prescribed burning for fuel reduction	牧场管理人员为放牧进行的烧除 Burning for grazing by shepherds	造林措施 Silvicultural treatments	电力电路下可燃物清理 Clearance under powerlines
法国 France	R	R	R	R	I	I	I	I	R
希腊 Greece	R	I	R	I	R	N	R	E	R
意大利 Italy	I	R	R	R	N	N-E	N	R-I	R
葡萄牙 Portugal	R	I	I	R	R	E	R	I	R
西班牙 Spain	R	R	R	R	R	I	R	I	R