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林业科学 ›› 2019, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (11): 63-72.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20191108

• 论文与研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于三维激光点云与断面轮廓曲线的树干材积计算

尤磊1,2,3, 哈登龙4, 谢明坤1, 张晓鹏2, 宋新宇5, 庞勇6, 唐守正6   

  1. 1. 信阳师范学院计算机与信息技术学院 信阳 464000;
    2. 中国科学院自动化研究所模式识别国家重点实验室 北京 100190;
    3. 信阳师范学院河南省教育大数据分析与应用重点实验室 信阳 464000;
    4. 河南鸡公山国家级自然保护区管理局 信阳 464133;
    5. 信阳师范学院数学与统计学院 信阳 464000;
    6. 中国林业科学研究院资源信息研究所 北京 100091
  • 收稿日期:2019-03-11 修回日期:2019-10-17 出版日期:2019-11-25 发布日期:2019-12-21
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目（31872704，31470641）；河南省高等学校重点科研项目计划（18A520009）；河南省教育大数据分析与应用重点实验室开放课题（2019ZDSYS02A）；国家重点研发计划（2017YFD0600404）；信阳师范学院"南湖学者奖励计划"青年项目。

Stem Volume Calculation Based on Stem Section Profile Curve and Three Dimension Laser Point Cloud

You Lei1,2,3, Ha Denglong4, Xie Mingkun1, Zhang Xiaopeng2, Song Xinyu5, Pang Yong6, Tang Shouzheng6   

  1. 1. College of Computer and Information Technology, Xinyang Normal University Xinyang 464000;
    2. National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190;
    3. Henan Key Laboratory of Analysis and Applications of Education Big Data, Xinyang Normal University Xinyang 464000;
    4. Jigongshan National Nature Reserve, Henan Province Xinyang 464133;
    5. College of Mathematics and Statistics, Xinyang Normal University Xinyang 464000;
    6. Research Institute of Forest Resource and Information Techniques, CAF Beijing 100091
  • Received:2019-03-11 Revised:2019-10-17 Online:2019-11-25 Published:2019-12-21

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摘要： [目的] 利用地面三维激光扫描仪获取的单木树干点云，提出一种基于断面轮廓曲线的树干材积计算方法，为准确测定单木树干材积提供参考。[方法] 首先，将树干点云按设定高度thick划分为若干等高垂直分段，对于一个垂直分段，将其树干点云投影至下断面得到一个平面点集，以该点集凸包点形成闭合凸多边形的质心为中心点，以角度参数θ对该平面点集角度分区，一个角度分区中所有点的重心点为该角度分区的轮廓点，根据角度分区在上下垂直分段上的相邻性和连续性修复无轮廓点的角度分区；然后，以当前垂直分段所有角度分区的轮廓点为插值点，构建一条闭合连续光滑的三次B样条曲线（称之为垂直分段的断面轮廓曲线），该曲线所围面积为断面积，断面积与高度thick之积为垂直分段体积，所有垂直分段体积累加得到树干材积。分别以可准确计算体积的圆柱体、圆台体和抛物线体的模拟点云与地面三维激光扫描仪获取的来自7个树种183个长度为1 m的树干点云为实测数据，开展模拟试验和实测试验。[结果] 模拟试验结果表明，对于圆台体和抛物线体的体积计算，断面轮廓曲线法在合适的thick与θ参数下计算精度高于拟合圆、拟合圆柱体和Bézier凸曲线法的计算精度。实测试验结果表明，与断面轮廓曲线法计算的材积（thick=2 cm，θ=2°）相比，拟合圆、拟合圆柱体和Bézier凸曲线法计算材积的平均绝对百分比误差（MAPE）分别为0.64%、433.65 cm3和0.54%，均方根误差（RMSE）分别为0.63%、429.06 cm3和0.53%，总相对误差（TRE）分别为11.88%、3 361.36 cm3和9.51%。[结论] 断面轮廓曲线法计算的树干断面积和材积最为精确，传统以横断面是圆为理论计算的树干断面积和材积均大于其真值。

关键词: 三维激光扫描技术, 树干材积, 树干断面, 断面面积, 轮廓曲线

Abstract: [Objective] In order to accurately calculate the stem volume, a stem volume calculation method based on the section profile curve, which using the stem point cloud scanned by the terrestrial laser scanner, is proposed in this paper.[Method] The method divided the stem point cloud into several vertical segments with identical length according to the height value thick. For each vertical segment, the method firstly projected the stem points of the vertical segment to the lower section plane to obtain a planar point set, and the convex points of the planar point set were obtained. The centroid of the closed convex hull polygon formed by the convex points was seemed as a center point, and the planar point set was angular partitioned by the angle value θ. The gravity of the points in an angle partition is the contour point of the angle partition. And the angle partition without a contour point was repaired by the adjacency and continuity in the same angle partition between the upper and lower vertical segments. Then the contour points of all angle partitions of the current vertical segment were used as interpolation points, and a cubic B-spline curve with smooth and continuous was interpolated on the interpolation points. The cubic B-spline curve is called as a section profile curve of a vertical segment. The area enclosed by the curve is the stem sectional area. The product of the cross-sectional area and height is the volume of the vertical segment, and the volume of all vertical segments is the volume of the stem. The simulated point cloud of cylinder, cone and parabolic bodies, the volume of which is accurately calculated by the volume formula, and 183 stems with the length of 1 m from 7 tree species were used as experimental materials for simulation and measured experiment.[Result] The simulation experiment showed that the accuracy of our method is better than that of the fitted circle, the fitted cylinder and the Bézier convex curve method for the volume calculation of the cone and parabolic bodies. The measured experiment showed that compared with the volume(thick=2 cm,θ=2°)calculated by the section profile curve method, the MAPE, RMSE and TRE of the stem volume calculated by the fitted circle, the fitted cylinder and the Bézier convex curve method are 0.64%, 433.65 cm3 and 0.54%, 0.63%, 429.06 cm3 and 0.53%, 11.88%, 3 361.36 cm3 and 9.51%, respectively.[Conclusion] Based on the calculation theory analysis and experimental verification of the four methods, it is concluded that the stem sectional area and stem volume calculated by the section profile curve methods are the most accurate, and the stem sectional area and stem volume calculated by the traditional methods are larger than its true value.

Key words: terrestrial laster scanning(TLS), stem volume, section, sectional area, profile curve

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