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林业科学 ›› 2016, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (1): 1-9.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20160101

• 论文与研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

湖北木林子保护区大样地的木本植物多样性

姚兰1,2, 崔国发1, 易咏梅2, 黄永涛2, 冯广2, 刘峻城2, 艾训儒2   

  1. 1. 北京林业大学自然保护区学院 北京 100083;
    2. 湖北民族学院林学园艺学院 恩施 445000
  • 收稿日期:2015-02-05 修回日期:2015-12-13 出版日期:2016-01-25 发布日期:2016-02-26
  • 通讯作者: 艾训儒
  • 基金资助:
    湖北省林学重点(特色)学科及楚天学者计划项目(2015XKJS_10517);国家自然科学基金(地区项目)"清江流域生态环境保护与动植物资源管理问题的数学研究"(11261017)。

Species Diversity of Woody Plants in Mulinzi Nature Reserve of Hubei Province

Yao Lan1,2, Cui Guofa1, Yi Yongmei2, Huang Yongtao2, Feng Guang2, Liu Juncheng2, Ai Xunru2   

  1. 1. College of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University Beijing 100083;
    2. School of Forestry and Horticulture, Hubei University for Nationalities Enshi 445000
  • Received:2015-02-05 Revised:2015-12-13 Online:2016-01-25 Published:2016-02-26

摘要: [目的] 分析亚热带常绿落叶阔叶混交林大样地(森林动态监测样地)物种多样性特征,阐明亚热带常绿落叶阔叶混交林物种多样性的时空变化规律,为探索物种多样性维持、群落动态、环境异质性和生态系统功能调控机制等奠定基础。[方法] 参照CTFS大样地建设与监测技术规范,于2014年在湖北木林子国家级自然保护区亚热带常绿落叶阔叶混交林中建立15 hm2森林动态监测样地,调查并鉴定样地内DBH≥1 cm的所有木本植物,分析其物种多样性特征。[结果] 15 hm2大样地内共有木本植物228种84189株,分属于112属61科,其中以10 cm为起测径级的木本植物130种11863株,分属于71属44科;以30 cm为起测径级的木本植物67种1721株,分属于40属29科;以1 cm为起测径级和以10 cm为起测径级的木本植物在0~3 hm2范围内物种数随取样面积的增大而快速增加,在6 hm2时包含的物种数均超过了总物种数的80%,以30 cm为起测径级的木本植物在0~0.2 hm2范围内物种数随取样面积的增大而快速增加,在8 hm2时包含的物种数超过了总物种数的80%;样地内个体数量超过1000的物种有18种,占样地所有物种数的7.89%,但个体数量之和占样地总个体数量的70.63%;样地上层乔木以小叶青冈和多脉青冈为主,中、下层的翅柃个体数量最多,重要值最大;样地内稀有种比例极高,有116种,占物种总数的50.88%,但个体数量仅占总个体数量的0.14%;群落物种组成中最主要的科为壳斗科和山茶科;样地中共有萌生木本植物137种18880株,分属于76属42科,分别占样地总物种、个体数量、属及科数的60.1%,22.4%,62.8%和65.6%,其中,以10 cm为起测径级的萌生木本植物有64种,分属于43属26科,共计1073株,以30 cm为起测径级的木本植物17种,分属于15属和9科,共计46株。[结论] 木林子自然保护区亚热带常绿落叶阔叶混交林中木本植物种类丰富,主要由壳斗科和山茶科组成,稀有种及萌生物种所占比例高。该样地大量萌生物种的出现可能与保护区建立以前的人为干扰及区域特殊生境条件密切相关。

关键词: 木林子森林动态样地, 常绿落叶阔叶混交林, 物种丰富度, 萌生, 稀有种, 物种-面积曲线, 物种-多度曲线

Abstract: [Objective] The study was intended to understand characteristics of species diversity in forest dynamics plot (FDP) which located in subtropical evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest community in Mulinzi National Nature Reserve, Hubei Province, and to analyze patterns of temporal and spatial changes of species diversity of subtropical evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest, and further to provide a basis for exploring maintenance of species diversity, community dynamics, environmental heterogeneity and regulation of ecosystem functions.[Method] The 15 hm2 (300 m×500 m) forest dynamics plot was established according to the protocol of the CTFS for field plots establishment in 2014 in Mulinzi National Nature Reserve, Hubei Province. All woody plants with diameter at breast height (DBH)≥1 cm were mapped and identified, and the species diversity were analyzed.[Result] In the 15 hm2 FDP there were 84 189 individuals belonging to 228 species, 112 genera and 61 families. There were 11863 individuals belonging to 130 species, 71 genera and 44 families when 10 cm was the minimum measured diameter at DBH, and there were 1 721 individuals when 30 cm is minimum measured diameter, belonging to 67 species, 40 genera and 29 families. Species richness rapidly increased with the expansion of sampling area in the 0-3 hm2 when 1 cm and 10 cm were minimum measured diameters, and over 80% of the total species were presented in 6 hm2 size. Species richness also quickly increased with sampling area in the range of 0-0.2 hm2 when 30 cm was the minimum measured diameter, and there was also over 80% of the total species were at 8 hm2. The number of individuals was over 1000 from 18 species accounting for 7.89% of the total number of species, but the number of individuals of these species accounted for 70.63% of the total numbers in plot. These parameters would provide a scientific basis in determining the minimum sampling area of subtropical evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest community. Cyclobalanopsis myrsinifolia and C. multinervis dominated the forest canopy, and the importance values were ranked the second and third. Eurya japonica occupied most of the understory, and showed the highest abundance. There was a high proportion of rare species in the plot, a total of 116 species, accounting for 50.88% of the total number of species, but the number of individual trees of rare species accounted for only 0.14% of the total number of individuals. Fagaceae and Theaceae were the important families in evergreen broad-leaved forest in Mulinzi. There were total 18 880 woody plants of 137 sprouting species, belonging to 76 genera and 42 families in the plot, accounting for 22.4%, 60.1%,62.8% and 65.6% of the total number of individuals, species, genera and families, respectively. All these woody plants, there was 1 073 individuals of 64 species, belonging to 43 genera and 26 families when 10 cm was the minimum measured diameter, and 46 individuals of 17 species, belonging to 15 genera and 9 families when 30 cm was the minimum measured diameter.[Conclusion] There were abundant species in subtropical evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forests in Mulinzi National Nature Reserve, mainly composed of Fagaceae and Theaceae. There were high proportions of rare species and sprouting species. The large number of sprouting species was probably closely related to human disturbance and special habitat conditions before establishment of the nature reserve.

Key words: Mulinzi forest dynamics plot, evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest, species richness, sprout, rare species, curve of species richness against area, curve of species against richness

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