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林业科学 ›› 2010, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (12): 15-22.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20101203

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

黄土沟壑区刺槐人工林的天然发育规律

邓磊1, 张文辉2   

  1. 1. 西北农林科技大学生命科学学院 杨凌712100;2. 西北农林科技大学西部环境与生态教育部重点实验室 杨凌712100
  • 收稿日期:2009-07-28 修回日期:2010-09-17 出版日期:2010-12-25 发布日期:2010-12-25
  • 通讯作者: 张文辉

Natural Development Pattern of Robinia pseudoacacia Plantations in Loess Hilly Region

Deng Lei1, Zhang Wenhui2   

  1. 1. College of Life Science,Northwest A & F University Yangling 712100;2. Key Laboratory of Environment and Ecology in West China of Education Ministry,Northwest A & F University Yangling 712100
  • Received:2009-07-28 Revised:2010-09-17 Online:2010-12-25 Published:2010-12-25

摘要:

为了鉴别黄土沟壑区不同生境刺槐林持续发育潜力,以延安地区纸坊沟和柳林镇公路山的刺槐群落为对象,对阴坡、阳坡生境造林后10,25和40年的刺槐人工林建群种径级结构、群落物种多样性、土壤养分水分状况进行对比分析。结果表明: 在黄土高原丘陵沟壑区阴坡和阳坡刺槐人工林在经过25年发育,林木达到成熟阶段,个体平均胸径、高度和林下物种多样性、土壤养分、水分达到比较稳定状态; 刺槐人工林造林后,随着时间推移,建群种树高、胸径增加迅速,体现群落生境质量参数也迅速增加,但25年以后增加不够明显。阴坡与阳坡生境的人工刺槐林比较,阴坡生境的林分,建群种在不同发育阶段个体生长发育良好,均具有足够数量萌生幼苗,林地物种多样性丰富,土壤养分水分相对优越,群落具有持续发育潜力。而阳坡刺槐人工林建群种个体发育不良,缺乏足够幼苗数量,林分物种多样性、土壤水分养分相对较差,不具备持续发育特征。未来该区域刺槐人工林培育,丘陵沟壑区应尽量避免在阳坡营造刺槐林,现有刺槐林也应该通过更换树种,改造成稀疏灌木-刺槐林。在现有阴坡刺槐林经营管理中,造林25年后就可以适当间伐一些劣质木、病虫木,促进幼苗萌生更新,促进群落向异龄方向发展。间伐中,应尽量减少对灌草层破坏,完善群落复层结构,提高生态效益。

关键词: 黄土沟壑区, 刺槐人工林, 不同恢复阶段, 群落稳定性, 天然化发育

Abstract:

In order to comprehend the sustainable developmental potential of Robinia pseudoacacia plantation in different habitats in Loess hilly region, diameter classes, species diversity, the soil moisture and nutrient were analyzed based on an investigation of R. pseudoacacia community in Zhifanggou and Liulinzhen of Yan’an Regions. The forests were planted 10, 25 and 40 years ago on the sunny and shady slope. The results showed that R. pseudoacacia plantations reached mature stage in 25 years, and the average diameter, height, understory species diversity, the soil moisture and nutrient reached stable state on both the sunny and shady slope. Height, diameter as well as other parameters, which reflect environment quality, increased quickly, but they did not show obvious increase after 25 years. On shady slope, the trees grew better and had adequate regenerated seedlings, there was rich species in the community, the soil moisture and nutrient were relatively abundant, and in general the R. pseudoacacia community had sustainable developmental potential. On the contrary,on sunny slope, the individuals were maldevelopment, there was no enough seedlings and lower species diversity in the community, the soil moisture and nutrient were relatively deficit, R. pseudoacacia community did not have sustainable developmental characters. In the future, it should be avoided to plant R. pseudoacacia on the sunny slope, and transformed the existing R. pseudoacacia plantations into R. pseudoacacia -sparse shrubs plantations in the loess region. In order to stimulate the regeneration of seedlings and promote the community evolving into an uneven-aged stand, some ungraded woods and diseased woods should be removed in the R. pseudoacacia plantations over 25 years old on shady slope. During the thinning process, the shrub layer should be protected by which the community complex structures are consummated to improve the ecological benefit.

Key words: loess hilly region, locust tree (Robinia pseudoacacia) plantation, different stages of recovery, community stability, natural development

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