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›› 1988, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (3): 275-281.

• 论文及研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

中国沙棘花部形态学和胚胎学研究——Ⅰ.雄花的形态发育

李文钿 朱彤   

  1. 中国林业学研究院林业研究所
  • 收稿日期:1987-01-21 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:1988-08-25 发布日期:1988-08-25

FLORAL MORPHOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY STUDY OF HIPPOPHAE RHAMNOIDES L.SUBSP.SINENSIS ROUSI I.MORPHOGENESIS OF MALE FLOWER

Li Wendian,Zhu Tong   

  1. Forest Research Institute,Chinese Academy Of Forestry
  • Received:1987-01-21 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:1988-08-25 Published:1988-08-25

摘要: 本文报道了中国沙棘(Hippophae rhamnoides Linn.subsp.sinensisRousi)雄花的形态发育。雄花序芽属混合型,花后整个脱落。雄花小,无花瓣,花萼2裂,雄蕊4,开花时花萼裂片呈缝隙状张开或全部张开。花药壁由表皮、药室内壁、中层和绒毡层组成。表皮在花药开裂时枯萎,药室内壁形成带状加厚,中层是短命的。绒毡层细胞双核。腺质绒毡层,延迟至双细胞花粉时在原位退化。绒毡层内切向壁和径向壁上分布有乌氏体,乌氏体和花粉壁之间存在带状的“桥”。小孢子母细胞减数分裂同步或不同步。胞质分裂为同时型,小孢子四分体为四面体形和左右对称形。小孢子发生过程中胼胝质的沉积始于小孢子囊靠近花丝维管束的一方,渐向远离花丝维管束的方向扩展,并由小孢子母细胞的角隅处和切向壁向径向壁积累。成熟花粉为二细胞的,扫描电镜图像为圆球形,沿赤道有一环状棱脊,把花粉分为上下两半,每一半各具三沟相对会合于赤道棱脊,并突出成喙。花粉壁具疣状雕纹。

Abstract: The male inflorescence bud is mixed type,dropping as a whole after anthesis. The male flower is minute,apetalous,calyx 2-lobed,stamens 4. As it is in flower,the calyx lobes open only at the sides and meet at the top but seldom open fully. The anther wall comprises an epidermis followed by a layer of endothecium,1 middle layer and a single-layered tapetum.The epidermis withers as the anther splits.The endothecium develops fibrous thickenings and the middle layer is ephermeral.The cells of the glandular tapetum become 2-nucleate and degenerate at the 2-celled pollen stage.On the inner tangential walls and radial walls are studded Ubisch bodies stripe-like"bridge" appear between Ubisch body and pollen wall. Meiosis of microspore mother cells is synchronous or unsynchronous. Simultaneuous cytokinensis in the microspore mother cells follows meiosis and the microspore tetrads are tetrahedral or isobilateral.The changes in the callose accumulation during microsporogenesis start on the corner and the periclinal walls of the microspore mother cell close to the vascular bundle of the filament,and gradually extends to the far end of the bundle. Pollen grains are 2-celled when shed,about 22.5μ in diameter.In SEM micrograph,the pollen grain is spherical,with an annular ridge around the equator which seems to divide the pollen into two halves and each half is tricolpate.The colpi bulge to form three beaks meeting at the equator.Pollen wall is decorated with warty dots.