Abstract: Macrotermes barneyi distributes in the provinces south of Changjiang River. It lives gregariously in caves underground. The depth and diameter of the nest is generally 50—200cm and 30—80cm respectively. The colony does not produce replacement reproductive. Eight years after the construction of the nest it begines to separate into smaller colonies, which is the main way to scatter. The longevity of the colony is over 30 years. Large, medium and small soldiers could be found in some colonies.The species eats variously. Because climate affects the damaging behaviour, the behaviour has three summit period, i. e. separating into smaller colonies, resurgence (out of nest to gather in rain) and storing food. The density of nests in forest has a close relationship to soil, but the damage index does not. It varies with vegetation, quantity of bush, the ingredient of the forest and forest management. Whether the afforested trees and main trees composing forest are eaten or not depends on if they contain good or superior nourishment.This termitecan be controlled with Baythion and other chemicals, or natural smoke agent such as Xanthium sibiricum. But the most effective lies in decreasing nourishment of the trees.