Abstract: This paper is a synopsis of the Chinese Diprionidae.At present 6 genera and 29 species belonging to 2 subfamilies are known in our country.Of these species 7 are new to science and 3 are recorded for the first time from China.All the type-specimens are preserved in the insect collection of the Division of Forest Entomology,the Forest Research Institute,the Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing,China. 1. Nesodiprion deqenicus Xiao et Zhou n.sp.(figs.3-12,5-30) The new species is closely allied to Nesodiprion yananicus Huang et Zhou,but differs from the latter in having the head and thorax with bluish purplish lustre,posterior angle of pronotum bright yellowish white,mesoscutellum with sparse coarse punctures abdominal tergite I only central part with punctures;apices of ventral lobes of annuli 2—4 slightly immarginate;central part of velviceps projecting dorsally and ventrally,about 8 spines on ventral projecting portion,ergot definite. Holotype ♀,Yunnan,Deqen Zang Aut.Pr.,Zhongdian Co.,1983.Ⅳ.20,3320 m.Li Zhi xin leg.,Allotype♂,same data as for holotype; paratype 4♀,1♂ same data as for holotype. 2. Gilpinia baiyinaobaoa Xiao et Huang n.sp.(fig.4-21) This species is closely related to Gilpinia virens (Kl.),but differs from the latter in having each antenna yellowish brown with its both sides blackish,base of pterostigma blackish brown,and lancet with 10 annuli. Holotype ♀,Nei Mongol (Inner Mongolia) (Baiyinaobao),1958.Ⅶ. 10 Wang Geicheng leg. 3. Gilpinia pinicola Xiao et Huang n.sp.(fig.4-26) The female of the new species is easily distinguished from that of other species in the genus by the first two segments of antenna,pronotum,mesopleuron and legs yellow,and by the anterior margin of clypeus moderately immarginate,arcuate. Holotype ♀,Heilongjian (Dailing),1959.Ⅳ.10,Zhou Shi-xiu leg. 4. Gilpinia lipuensis Xiao et Huang n.sp.(figs.3-18,4-24) The new species resembles Gilpinia socia (Klug),but distinguishes from the latter by female yellowish brown without black spots,antenna shorter than width of head,mesoscutellum with sparse coarse punctures,lancet with 12 annuli,median portion of annulus 1 without tooth,ventral lobes of annuli 2 and 3 quadrate in shape;penis valve slender,apex of valviceps forked. Holotype ♀,Guangxi,Lipu Co.,1981.Ⅳ.25,Hu Chaofeng leg.;Allotype♂,same data as for holotype;paratype 34♀,2♂,same data as for holotype. 5. Neodiprion guangxiicus Xiao et Zhou n.sp.(figs.3-20,5-32) The new species is close to Neodiprion huizeensis Xiao et Zhou,but differs from the latter in having mesoscutellum,mesoprescutum,mesoscutum with same coloration,cenchrus deep yellow,wing veins blackish brown,central portion of pterostigma subhyaline,scopal pad blackish yellow with its lower part more acute,lacent generally with 9 annuli;penis valve relatively straight with a small spine on its apex. Holotype ♀,Guangxi,Bobai Co.,1981.Ⅺ.23,Lu Xian-wen leg.;Allotype♂,same data as for holotype,except for date "1981.Ⅹ.31";paratype 8♀,9♂,same date as for holotype and allotype respectively. 6. Neodiprion piceae Xiao et Zhou n.sp.(figs.3-19,5-34) The new species recembles Neodiprion tsugae Midd.,but distinguishes from the latter by female reddish brown,spots on abdominal tergite Ⅰ mostly and on Ⅱ entirely black or blackish brown,lancet with 10 annuli;apex of penis valve truncate. Holotype ♀,Hebei,Fengning Co.,1982.Ⅶ.15,Wang Da-zhou leg.;Allotype♂,same data as for holotype except for date "1980.Ⅳ.";paratype 3♀,2♂,same date as for holotype and allotype respectively. 7. Neodiprion dailingensis Xiao et Zhou n.sp.(fig.5-33) The female of the new species is very similar to that of Neodiprion sertifer (Geoffroy),but differs from the latter in having the lancet with only 8 annuli. Holotype ♀,Heilongjiang (Dailing),1959.Ⅸ.9,Zhou Shi-xiu leg.;paratype 35♀,1956.Ⅷ.3;Ⅸ.14,same data as for holotype. 8. Gilpinia fennica (Fors.) Host:Picea sp. Distribution:Heilongjiang Prov.(Dailing);South Finland. 9. Gilpinia virens (K1.) Host:Picea koraiensis Nakai Distribution:Heilonjiang Prov.(Dailing);From Europe to Siberia. 10. Gilpinia tohi Takeuchi Host:Picea Koraiensis Nakai Ditribution:Heilongjian Prov.(Dailing);Hokkaido,Japan.