Abstract: Dalbergia fusca is a tree species belonging to the Papilionaceae, and an endemic species in the Xishuangbana area of Yunnan province This paper deals with its wood structure, physical and mechanical properties and uses.The heartwood of Dalbergia fusca is dark-brown to black in colour, extremely heavy and hard (air-dry density 1.13 g/cm³, hardness 1232 kg/cm² in the transverse plane), and small in volume shrinkage. Some qualities and uses of the wood are similar to imported rosewood. It is a valuable timber for making musical instruments, high-classed furnitures and carvings, etc. Some experimental results in factories are reported in this paper.