林业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (4): 100-116.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20220246
张新果1,2,张启翔1,*
收稿日期:
2022-04-15
出版日期:
2023-04-25
发布日期:
2023-07-05
通讯作者:
张启翔
基金资助:
Xinguo Zhang1,2,Qixiang Zhang1,*
Received:
2022-04-15
Online:
2023-04-25
Published:
2023-07-05
Contact:
Qixiang Zhang
摘要:
目的: 探究园林植物嗅景即植物气味及其引发的园林环境多维度交互感知对人体健康的影响,并深入分析园林植物相关的嗅觉、视觉及嗅视觉交互刺激对人体生理与心理反应的影响差异,为园林植物嗅景设计提供理论依据和新思路。方法: 采用同期随机对照的研究设计,以西北地区常见四类园林植物气味及其对应园景的全景影像为刺激材料,以312名大学生为研究对象,在虚拟仿真实验室内用NeuroSky脑波测试仪、OMRON上臂式电子血压计以及VISHEEW多参数生物反馈仪测定生理指标,采用状态焦虑量表以及嗅景情绪量表评估由嗅景引发的情绪以及对整体环境的感知程度。对于生理指标数据,采用单因素方差分析筛选出具显著差异的指标后,通过Spearman相关性分析检验各试验刺激因素与这些指标之间的相关性,进而运用多元线性回归方法分析各指标与不同刺激因素之间的关系,最后针对筛选出的指标数据两两比对进行单因素方差分析和LSD事后检验。心理指标中,对状态焦虑量表数据进行方差分析和LSD事后检验,针对嗅景情绪量表中各组形容词选项的平均分数据进行Wilcoxon秩和检验。结果: 生理测量结果显示1)在嗅觉刺激组中,青草、油松和月季组在刺激前后的α、β脑波振幅以及皮电(SC)均呈下降趋势,其中嗅闻松树气味使得α、β脑波振幅下降最大(松树气味组Δα =?24%,Δβ=?19.8%),而嗅闻月季气味后皮电值降幅最大(月季气味组ΔSC=?13.3%)。2)大多数试验组的视觉刺激引发α、β脑波振幅以及皮电显著升高,其中观赏月季景象使得α脑波振幅上升最大(月季视景组Δα=76.3%),观赏桂花景象使β脑波振幅和皮电均上升最大(桂花视景组Δβ=92.7%,ΔSC=90.8%)。3)月季和桂花的嗅视交互刺激引发α、β脑波振幅均显著升高,4种植物景观的嗅视交互刺激引发皮电均显著升高,其中边闻边看月季使α、β脑波振幅上升最大(月季嗅视组Δα=29.7%,Δβ=39.6%),边闻边看桂花使皮电升幅最高(桂花嗅视组ΔSC=22.6%)。心理测量结果显示,嗅视交互比单一嗅觉刺激更易增强受访者对环境的正向心理感知,如“吸引力”、“独特感”和“协调感”。结论: 与园林植物嗅景相关的嗅视交互作用可使人在一定程度上得到生理和心理的放松。嗅视交互刺激在中枢神经系统活动中表现出折中效应,在自主神经系统活动中表现出累加效应,并可普遍增强人们对环境的正向心理感知。未来园林植物嗅景设计应从多维度感知交互视角出发,充分发挥其健康效应。
中图分类号:
张新果,张启翔. 园林植物嗅景对人体健康的影响[J]. 林业科学, 2023, 59(4): 100-116.
Xinguo Zhang,Qixiang Zhang. Effects of Garden Plants Smellscape on Human Health[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2023, 59(4): 100-116.
图5
各组试验干预环节(3分钟)示意 每位被试者在测基线的1分钟内都处于以下条件:戴VR眼镜观看实验室白墙全景影像,同时嗅闻空白气味。嗅觉刺激组:戴VR眼镜观看实验室白墙全景影像的同时嗅闻4类植物气味(次序随机)。视觉刺激组:戴VR眼镜观看4类植物全景影像的同时嗅闻空白气味(次序随机)。嗅视交互刺激组:戴VR眼镜观看4类植物全景影像的同时嗅闻相应的植物气味(次序随机)。对照组:戴VR眼镜观看实验室白墙全景影像的同时嗅闻空白气味。Each subject was controlled to the following conditions for 1 minute at baseline measurement: wearing VR glasses to watch the panoramic image of the white wall of the laboratory, while smelling the blank smell. Olfactory stimulation group: wearing VR glasses to watch the panoramic image of white wall while smelling 4 kinds of plant smells (random order). Visual stimulation group: wearing VR glasses to watch the panoramic images of 4 types of plants while smelling blank odors (random order). Olfactory vision interaction stimulus group: wearing VR glasses to watch the panoramic images of 4 types of plants while smelling the corresponding plant smells (random order). Control group: wearing VR glasses to watch the panoramic image of white wall in the laboratory while smelling the blank smell."
表2
刺激方式与SBP、DBP、P、SC、α波振幅、β波振幅变化率的相关性①"
生理指标 Physiological index | ΔSBP | ΔDBP | ΔP | ΔSC | Δα波 Δα brainwaves | Δβ波 Δβ brainwaves |
相关系数 Correlation coefficient | 0.037 | 0.032 | ?0.007 | 0.349** | 0.290** | 0.349** |
双侧检验显著性 Significance of two-side test | 0.520 | 0.573 | 0.898 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
样本数 Sample size | 311 | 311 | 311 | 303 | 305 | 306 |
表3
不同气味与SBP、DBP、P、SC、α波振幅、β波振幅变化率的相关性①"
生理指标 Physiological index | ΔSBP | ΔDBP | ΔP | ΔSC | Δα波 Δα brainwaves | Δβ波 Δβ brainwaves |
相关系数 Correlation coefficient | 0.103 | 0.143* | ?0.114* | 0.288** | 0.297** | 0.286** |
双侧检验显著性 Significance of two-side test | 0.070 | 0.012 | 0.045 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
样本数 Sample size | 311 | 311 | 311 | 303 | 305 | 306 |
表5
多元线性回归结果"
因变量 Dependent variable | 项目 Item | 非标准化系数 Unstandardized Coefficient | 标准系数 Standardized Coefficient | t | 显著性 Significance |
B | β | ||||
ΔSC | (常量Constant) | ?0.206 | — | ?5.940 | <0.001 |
刺激方式 Stimulating pattern | 0.073 | 0.275 | 4.831 | <0.001 | |
植物气味 Plant smell | 0.031 | 0.152 | 2.666 | 0.008 | |
Δα | (常量Constant) | ?0.242 | — | ?3.216 | 0.001 |
刺激方式 Stimulating pattern | 0.092 | 0.162 | 2.799 | 0.005 | |
植物气味 Plant smell | 0.091 | 0.211 | 3.664 | <0.001 | |
Δβ | (常量constant) | ?0.237 | — | ?3.040 | 0.003 |
刺激方式 Stimulating pattern | 0.124 | 0.210 | 3.685 | <0.001 | |
植物气味 Plant smell | 0.087 | 0.194 | 3.400 | 0.001 |
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