植物色彩对潮白河城镇河岸夏秋季景观视觉吸引力的影响

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20210492

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 探讨与辨识影响色彩斑块视觉吸引力的关键因子，为有效提升城镇河岸带植物色彩景观的视觉吸引力提供参考。方法: 在潮白河城镇河段河岸带，设置1000 m城镇人工河岸带植物景观样带，通过无人机拍摄记录与图片转换，选取23个样本的2个季节共46张图片。构建色彩分析程序，智能提取（辅助手动删除和补全错误与不完整区域）河岸带林冠景观；定义H（Hue色相）值区间，即 (25, 45] (45, 80] (80, 140] (140, 220] (220, 290] (290, 345] (345, 25]，以及归一化V（Value明度）值、S（Saturation饱和度）值区间,即[0, 0.33](0.33, 0.67](0.67, 1]，划分出63种颜色；识别得到其中25种颜色的38 745个色彩斑块，提取并统计所有色彩斑块的面积、位置等数据。招募30名志愿者进行眼动试验，获取样本图片的视觉热点，并以图片中色彩斑块与视觉热点间欧式距离度量色彩斑块的视觉吸引力。采用一般线性混合效应模型，控制样本为随机因子，分析植物色彩特征对视觉吸引力的影响。结果: 城镇河岸带植物景观共计25种颜色，包括橙色系4种、黄色系4种、黄绿色系8种、绿色系9种，其中绿色系与黄绿色系的面积比例超过80%。色彩斑块视觉吸引力存在不同色彩属性间差异，高明度或中饱和度的色彩斑块更趋向于较高的视觉吸引力。同时，色彩斑块的视觉吸引力存在较显著的季节差异，秋季的视觉吸引力高于夏季。另外，色彩明度和饱和度对视觉吸引力有显著作用，色相对色彩斑块视觉吸引力不产生直接的显著影响，但会通过与色彩斑块面积的交互作用产生显著影响。并且，不同色相与色彩斑块面积的交互作用存在差异，斑块色相值在 (345, 80]范围时，视觉吸引力随斑块面积增加而减小；斑块色相值在(80, 140]范围时，视觉吸引力随斑块面积增加而增加。结论: 强调绿色—黄绿色的渐变色景观是城镇化地区河岸植物的基本色彩风貌；区分基底和前景色，有助于理解不同渐变色彩景观视觉吸引力的差异。基于色彩斑块颜色属性和面积对视觉吸引力的影响特点，提出了色彩斑块尺度提高视觉吸引力的可能途径。

关键词: 城镇河岸带, 植物色彩, 视觉吸引力, 交互作用

Abstract:

Objective: Urban riparian is an important ecotone between the city land and aquatic zone, serving a variety of ecological and aesthetic functions, which need to be protected, and its landscape needs to be optimized. This study analyzed the effects of color on urban riparian landscape and identified the key factors to its visual attraction, in order to provide a reference for effectively improving the visual attractiveness of urban riparian vegetation color view. Method: In this study, Chaobai River, the most important river flowing through the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei metropolitan region, was targeted and its 1 000 m urban artificial riparian segment was selected as the research subject. A total of 46 images of 23 plots were taken by a drone in summer and autumn. The 63 color categories were defined by H (Hue) for (25, 45] (45, 80] (80, 140] (140, 220] (220, 290] (290, 345] (345, 25], normalized V (Value) and S (Saturation) for [0, 0.33], (0.33, 0.67], (0.67, 1]. According to this, 38 744 color patches of 25 color categories were extracted through a self-made program. The color patch characteristics were obtained, and their distances to the visual hotspot resulting from the eye movement experiment with 30 volunteers were used to measure the view attraction. At last, a linear mixed regression model was used to analyze the influence of color characteristics on visual attraction. Result: 1) A total of 25 color types of 4 categories, including 4 types of orange, 4 types of yellow, 8 types of yellow-green, and 9 types of green were found in urban riparian. Among them, the green and yellow-green categories accounted for more than 80% of total area proportions. 2) Visual attraction varied in different values, saturation, or hues. Color patches with high saturation belonging to (0.67, 1] or with medium value belonging to (0.33, 0.67] tend to have higher visual attraction. Meanwhile, there was a significant seasonal difference in the visual attraction of color patches, with autumn having a higher visual attraction than summer. 3) Color brightness and saturation had significant positive effects on visual attraction. Hue significantly impacted visual attraction through the interaction with color patches’ area. Moreover, this interaction varied in diverse hues. The more increase of color patch area, the higher the visual attraction only when the hue was within (80, 140]. Conversely, the visual attraction became lower when the hue range resulted in yellow-green, yellow, and orange categories. Conclusion: The gradient colorful scenery from green to yellow-green is emphasized to gain attention as a more common urban riparian vegetation landscape. Distinguishing between the base background color and foreground color is helpful to understand the visual attraction’ differentiation cross color attributes and season. Based on the influence of the color patch’s attribute and area on visual attraction, possible optimization suggestions through the color patch scale for visual attraction are proposed.

Key words: urban riparian, plant color, visual attraction, interaction

中图分类号:

S731.2

张昶,韩文静,王成. 植物色彩对潮白河城镇河岸夏秋季景观视觉吸引力的影响[J]. 林业科学, 2023, 59(8): 30-39.

Chang Zhang,Wenjing Han,Cheng Wang. Effects of Plant Color on Visual Attraction for Chaobai River’s Summer and Autumn Urban Riparian Landscape[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2023, 59(8): 30-39.

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主要冠层植物 Major canopy plants																		颜色种类 Color type	夏季面积比例 Summer area ratio	秋季面积比例 Autumn area ratio
A	B	C	D	E	F	G	H	I	J	K	L	M	N	O	P	Q	R	颜色种类 Color type	夏季面积比例 Summer area ratio	秋季面积比例 Autumn area ratio
																		1^#	LS-LV O	0.097	0.059
																		2^#	LS-MV O	0.012	0.017
																		3^#	LS-HV O	0.006	0.003
																		4^#	MS-LV O	0.407	—
																		10^#	LS-LV Y	0.057	0.074
																		11^#	LS-MV Y	0.004	0.177
																		12^#	LS-HV Y	0.001	0.001
																		13^#	MS-LV Y	0.512	1.983
																		19^#	LS-LV YG	1.556	0.707
																		20^#	LS-MV YG	10.950	5.362
																		21^#	LS-HV YG	0.006	0.006
																		22^#	MS-LV YG	0.736	0.023
																		23^#	MS-MV YG	0.002	0.228
																		24^#	MS-HV YG	—	0.013
																		25^#	HS-LV YG	17.648	14.132
																		26^#	HS-MV YG	—	0.016
																		28^#	LS-LV G	5.484	1.047
																		29^#	LS-MV G	0.421	38.344
																		30^#	LS-HV G	19.374	0.518
																		31^#	MS-LV G	1.856	0.501
																		32^#	MS-MV G	0.002	5.955
																		33^#	MS-HV G	—	0.372
																		34^#	HS-LV G	40.870	28.858
																		35^#	HS-MV G	—	1.399
																		36^#	HS-HV G	—	0.202

色彩属性 Color attributes		色彩斑块视觉热点距离中位数 The median color patch visual hotspot distance	p	色彩斑块视觉热点距离季节差异 Seasonal differences in color patch visual hotspot distance
色彩属性 Color attributes			p	夏季平均值-秋季平均值 Mean of summer-Mean of autumn	95%CI
饱和度S	低Low	590.79a	<0.01	15.41	15.38, 15.44
	中Medium	562.00b		91.04	90.98, 91.10
	高High	591.34a		23.45	23.42, 23.48
明度V	低Low	600.30a	<0.01	33.88	33.85, 33.91
	中Medium	574.01b		4.49	4.45, 4.52
	高High	549.75c		59.85	59.78, 59.92
色相H	橙Orange	589.10b	<0.01	57.53	57.25, 57.81
	黄Yellow	574.19b		75.04	74.89, 75.19
	黄绿Yellow-green	599.08a		12.66	12.63, 12.70
	绿Green	577.92b		35.24	35.21, 35.27

影响因子 Impact factor	M β（95% CI）	M_HA β（95% CI）	M_SA β（95% CI）	M_VA β（95% CI）
H	0.004 (?0.009, 0.010)	?0.002 (?0.012, 8.203)	0.001 (?0.009, 0.0103)	0.001 (?0.009, 0.010)
S	?0.047^* (?0.060, ?0.034)	?0.048^* (?0.060, ?3.562)	?0.047^* (?0.060, ?0.035)	?0.048^* (?0.061, ?0.036)
V	?0.073^* (?0.085, ?0.059)	?0.073^* (?0.085, ?5.987)	?0.072^* (?0.085, ?0.059)	?0.074^* (?0.085, ?0.060)
A	?0.081 (?0.017, 0.002)	0.012 (?0.010, 3.454)	?0.009 (?0.019, 0.001)	?0.007 (?0.017, 0.002)
H*A		?0.027^* (?0.054, ?8.946)
S*A			0.007 (?0.002, 0.016)
V*A				?0.009 (?0.019, 0.001)
Season	?0.059^* (?0.079, ?0.040)	?0.060^* (?0.080, ?4.055)	?0.060^* (?0.079, ?0.040)	?0.060^* (?0.079, ?0.040)

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