大兴安岭林区瞭望塔空间分布对雷电活动的影响

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20260019

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective: Lightning activity frequently occurs in the Daxing’anling region, and the spatial distribution of forest fire lookout towers plays an important role in shaping lightning characteristics. The revelation of this impact pattern is of great significance for optimizing tower siting and layout, improving lightning protection design, and reducing the risk of lightning-induced forest fires. Method: Based on three-dimensional lightning monitoring data (2018—2020), spatial distribution data of forest fire lookout towers, and geographic information data in the Daxing’anling Mountains, the inverse distance weighting (IDW) method in ArcGIS was applied to interpolate lightning density and current intensity, thereby revealing the spatial distribution characteristics of regional lightning activity. A circular buffer ranging from 0 to 1 km and annular buffer zones of 0–1, 1–2, 2–3, 3–4, 4–5, and 5–6 km were constructed around each fire lookout tower. Combined with spatial overlay, point distance analysis, and nearest neighbor analysis, the characteristics of cloud-to-ground lightning density and intensity within different buffer zones were quantitatively analyzed. Furthermore, towers were grouped according to elevation, and the characteristics of lightning activity around them under different elevation gradients were examined. One-way ANOVA was used to test the significance of differences in lightning parameters under varying buffer radii and elevation conditions. Result: 1) From 2018 to 2020, the annual mean cloud-to-ground lightning density in the Daxing’anling Mountains was 0.913 events·km^?2a^?1, and the lightning density generally showed a north-high and south-low spatial pattern, with most areas exhibiting an annual mean lightning current intensity greater than 20 kA. 2) Within the 0–1 km buffer zone of fire lookout towers, the mean lightning current intensity of negative flashes, positive flashes, and total cloud-to-ground flashes was 45.05, 27.11, and 28.97 kA, respectively, significantly higher than those in the outer buffer zones. No cloud-to-ground lightning events were detected within 23.26 m radius around the observation tower, reflecting to some extent the shielding effect of lightning protection devices. However, lightning intensity exhibited a clear enhancement in areas close to the towers. 3) The elevation distribution of fire lookout towers had a significant influence on surrounding lightning activity. Across all elevation ranges (200–1 800 m), the mean intensity of positive flashes was higher than that of negative flashes, while the frequency of negative flashes was significantly greater. When towers were located above 1 200 m, the mean lightning current intensity was significantly higher than that in other elevation ranges, reaching a maximum within the range of 1 600–1 800 m. Conclusion: The spatial distribution of forest fire lookout towers alters the characteristics of surrounding lightning activity to some extent, exhibiting both an attraction effect and localized enhancement effect on lightning. Lightning occurrence density and intensity within the 0–1 km buffer zone are higher than those in other zones, and lightning intensity is particularly pronounced around high-elevation towers. It is recommended to strengthen lightning protection facilities for towers located in high-elevation lightning hotspots and to incorporate lightning risk factors into tower planning and layout, thereby reducing the probability of lightning-induced forest fires and enhancing disaster prevention and mitigation capacity in forest regions.

Key words: fire lookout tower, lightning, cloud-to-ground lightning, elevation, buffer analysis; Daxing’anling Mountains

CLC Number:

S762.3

Junwei Gong,Anning Miao,Xuemeng Wang,Shangbo Yuan,Feng Chen,Xiaodong Liu. Influence of the Spatial Distribution of Forest Fire Lookout Towers on Lightning Activity in the Daxing’anling Forest Region[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2026, 62(8): 21-29.

Figures/Tables 5

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References 0

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省份 Province	区域 Region	地闪平均密度 Mean density of cloud-to-ground lightning/(times·km^?2a^?1)	地闪平均强度 Mean intensity of cloud-to- ground lightning/kA
黑龙江 Heilongjiang	阿木尔 Amur	1.01	29.70
	韩家园 Hanjiayuan	1.28	15.80
	呼玛县 Huma County	1.22	16.40
	呼中 Huzhong	1.17	12.80
	呼中自然保护区 Huzhong Nature Reserve	1.11	31.20
	加格达奇 Jiagedaqi	1.04	53.30
	漠河县 Mohe County	0.58	134.20
	南瓮河自然保护区 Nanwenghe Nature Reserve	1.78	24.80
	十八站 Shibazhan	0.85	22.10
	双河自然保护区 Shuanghe Nature Reserve	0.87	19.50
	松岭 Songling	0.92	11.70
	塔河 Tahe	1.29	12.70
	塔河县 Tahe County	1.45	14.90
	图强 Tuqiang	1.09	94.30
	西林吉 Xilinji	1.19	17.30
	新林 Xinlin	1.24	63.10

内蒙古 Inner Mongolia	阿尔山Arxan	0.32	32.20
	阿里河 Alihe	0.90	10.90
	阿龙山 Alongshan	0.94	29.10
	北大河 Beidahe	0.61	33.80
	毕拉河 Bilahe	0.55	35.50
	绰尔 Chuoer	0.42	41.50
	绰源 Chuoyuan	0.53	31.70
	大杨树 Dayangshu	0.75	33.10
	得耳布尔 De’erbuer	0.67	8.70
	额尔古纳 Erguna	0.46	95.40
	甘河 Ganhe	0.75	30.70
	根河 Genhe	0.71	47.80
	汗马 Hanma	0.92	10.70
	吉文 Jiwen	0.66	19.10
	金河 Jinhe	0.97	21.30
	克一河 Keyihe	0.84	21.00
	库都尔 Kudur	0.73	27.17
	满归 Mangui	1.08	12.30
	莫尔道嘎 Moerdaoga	0.79	11.70
	诺敏经营所 Nuomin Management Station	0.79	25.80
	奇乾 Qiqian	0.65	175.80
	图里河 Tulihe	0.64	15.00
	乌尔旗汉 Wuerqihan	0.65	31.00
	乌玛 Wuma	0.63	14.90
	伊图里河 Yitulihe	0.82	14.40
	永安山 Yonganshan	1.11	12.10

因子 Factor		正闪平均密度 Mean density of positive lightning/ (times·km^?2a^?1)	负闪平均密度 Mean density of negative lightning/ (times·km^?2a^?1)	地闪平均密度 Mean density of cloud- to-ground lightning/ (times·km^?2a^?1)	正闪平均强度 Mean intensity of positive lightning/ kA	负闪平均强度 Mean intensity of negative lightning/ kA	地闪平均强度 Mean intensity of cloud-to-ground lightning/kA
缓冲区范围	F	58.251 9	76.299 7	79.173 7	0.100 6	0.029 3	0.016 9
Buffer range	P	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.991 5	0.999 6	0.999 9
海拔	F	0.139 0	0.263 6	0.248 4	32.475	246.001	240.361
Elevation	P	0.994 5	0.964 4	0.969 8	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001

缓冲区范围 Ring buffer range/km	地闪次数 Number of cloud-to-ground	正闪次数 Number of positive lightning	负闪次数 Number of negative lightning	地闪平均密度 Mean density of cloud- to-ground lightning/ (times·km^?2a^?1)	正闪平均强度 Mean intensity of positive lightning/kA	负闪平均强度 Mean intensity of negative lightning/kA	地闪平均强度 Mean intensity of cloud- to-ground lightning/kA
0~1	6 565	684	5 881	1.07	45.05	27.11	28.97
1~2	17 651	1 918	15 733	0.96	42.33	26.43	28.16
2~3	29 327	3 223	26 104	0.95	42.39	26.44	28.20
3~4	40 141	4 405	35 736	0.93	43.02	26.28	28.12
4~5	50 165	5 518	44 647	0.91	41.87	26.41	28.17
5~6	56 882	6 238	50 644	0.84	42.26	26.45	28.18

雷电位置 Lightning location	正闪平均强度 Mean intensity of positive lightning/kA	负闪平均强度 Mean intensity of negative lightning/kA
距瞭望塔最近雷电 Lightning in the area closest to the watchtower	48.29	29.18
研究区所有雷电 All lightning in the study area	43.51	26.60

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Influence of the Spatial Distribution of Forest Fire Lookout Towers on Lightning Activity in the Daxing’anling Forest Region

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