HayчHo-иccлeдoBaTeлbcKHий инCTиTyT JлесHOгO XO3ЯйCTBa пpOBиHцHH XунaHb ШeлKoпpядA KaMелии масличной яBJляеTCя OдHиM и3 глаBHbIX BpeдиTeлеH KaMe лии MacJIличной.B ycловиях прOовинции Хунанв данвIи BpeдиTeлb иMeeT 3 поKoоле- Hия B roд． ЯйцeекладKa пepe3иMyeT． Гyceицa пepBoгo пOKOлeHия BылyпиTCя BO BTOpOй дeкaдe MapTa．A B пepBoй дeKaдe HюHя Oha 3HKyKлиBaeT B KOKOHe. B Tpe- Tbeй дeKaдe июHя B3pOCлbIй шeлkoпpяд BHOCиT яйцekлaдKy． B пepBoй и BTOpOй дeKaдax ryceHицa BTOpOгo пOKOлeHия пOяBлeTCя，KOTOpaя 3aKykлиBaeT B пepBOй и BTOpOй дeKaдax ceHTябpя и BHOCиT яйцeKлaдKy B TpeTbeй дeKaдe CeHTяб6pя． B пep- Boй и BTOpoй дeKaдax пOяBляeTCя гyceHицa TpeTbeгo поKOлеHия． ЧacTb и3 HиX B TeчeHиe гoдa иMeeT 2 пOKOлеHия，коTopaя B KOHцe ceHTябpя или B Haчaлe OKTябpя 3aKyKлиBaeT，a B3pocлый шeлKOпpяд BHOCиT яйцeKлaдKy B nepBoй полOBиHE Hoябpя， KOTOpaя пepe3иMyeT· ЯйцeKлaдKи шeлkoпpядa KaMeлии MaCлчHOй HaбюдaeTcя， KSK пpaBилO，Ha CпиHaX лиCTbeB Ha BыCOTe OT пOBepXHOCTи 3CMлH OK．1M．Под KpOHOй дepeBbeB，pac- TyщиX Ha OCBeщeHHыX CKлOHaX．ГyCeHицы жиByT KOллeKTиBHO．Пpи пOBышеHHOй TeMпpaType Bo3дyxa или CильHOM OCBeщeHии coлHцa OK．10 ч．дHя гyCeHицы гpyп- пaMи пepeceляюTcя B 3aTeHCHHыe или болee пpoxлaдHыe MeCTa и OK．17ч．дHя Ohи пOл3aюT Ha дepeBья и eдяT лHCTья．Ha3peBшиe гyceHицы CпycKaюCя C дepeBa пO CTBOлy или Ha шeлKe и 3aKyKлиBaюT Ha пOдCTилKe или B pbIXлOй пOчBe OK．дepeBa. B3pocлыe шeлKonpядbl CильHо CBeTOлюбиBыe．OcобeHHо B 23ч．дHя． СaMKa болee CBCTOлюбиBa，чeM caMeц,． Для боpbбы C дaHHblM BpедиTeлeM и3 XHMиKaTOB MOжHO пpиMeHяTb Dipterex и гeкcaxpopaH 666 и T．Д．3-xлeTHиe и Mлaдшe шeлкoпpядbI лиKBидиpyюTCя OдHO- poдHblM paCTBOpOM MeCTHOй peцenTы，a 4-XлeTHиe и cTapme шenKoпpsдbl лиKBиди- PYюTCя CMeCbю：MaCляHHOй зMyлbcиeй и T．Д．B пpaKTиKe зTOT BpeдиTeлb ЭффeK- TиBHO yHиqTожaeTCя MCXaHичeCKиM MeTодоM： cбоp яйцeKлaдOK， зHпашKа пOчBы BMCCTe C яйцeKлaдKaMи，пpиBлeчeHиe шeлKoпpядOB пpи пoMoши кOCTpa и T．Д．

The differences of moisture content in the wood of living trees of the three locality types of 1arch forest have been found． Moisture content in the wood of larch-broad-leaves mixed forest is the highest (155.03％，in sapwood)；while that of the larch-maple．Forest the medium(124.19％，in sapwood)，and that of the sphagnum high moor larch forest the lowest(120.72％，in sapwood)．The less moisture found in the wood of the a sphagnum high moor larch forest is closely related to the excessive water content in the soil of this locality type of larch forest． The vertical distribution of moisture is different in the three locality types of larch forest．In the sphagnum high moor larch forest，the moisture content of stems is 117.13％ at base，then gradually decreases to 78.27％from the base upward to height of 3.3m.，and then increases to the highest of 156.4l％at the top．In the larch-broad-leaves mixed forest， the moisture content of stems is 101.19％at base which is the highest，then decreases to 79.57％from the base upward to height of 15.3 m.，and then increases again．In the larch-maple-forest，the moisture content of stems is the highest at base，then graduaUy decreases．But at 9.3-15.3 m．Increases again． The lateral distribdon of moisture is probably the same in the three locality types of larch forest． It decreases gradually from the pith outward．But increases after 50-100 growth rings，and attains the highest near the bark． In the three locality types of larch forest，the moisture of the sapwood is usually higher than that in the innermost part (around pith)and heartwood．The higher moisture content in innermost part of wood is closely related With the structure of wood． No noticeable variation of the moisture content in the four directions of the cross section is found at all．The variama depend’s on the extensible area of crown cover in different direction． The moisture content of fresh leaves is different in the three locality types of larch forest． It varies with the different positions of the crown． According to the vertical and lateral distribution of moisture in wood of living trees， the speed of water conduction is: fast in the vertical direction，less so in tangential direc- tion，and slow in radial direction． The wood checking is probably owing to the speed of water movement and the uneven distribution of moisture along the radial direction． The dimension of trees has a great effect on the amount of the moisture．In general， difference in moisture content increases with the of height increment and the diameter increment．

1.И3 дpeBecиH KacTaHOпCиca и киTaйCKOгO KHшTaHa，coдepжaшиx OTделbHO CBы- ше 83.5％и 82.4％дOбpoKaчecTBeHHbIx TaHидOB，pyчHыM CпocoбOM эKcTpaKции и paCпblлиTeлbHOй cyшки пoлyчили BыCOKOKачecTBCHHые дyбилbHble эKCTpaKTы C coдep- жaHиеM эKCTpaKTOB B пopoшKax OTдeлbHO 81.68％и 78.05％и TaHHидHOCTbю-72.21％ и 73.31％．BbIдyблeHHaя дyбиTeлeM и3 киTaйcKoгo KaшTaHa Koжa OбиaдaeT xopoшee KачeCTBO． 2．Пpи иCпOль3OBaHии MeCTHblX MaTepиaлOB пocTpOилaCb пpocTaя KBaдpaTHaя cyшилKa Maлoгo Tипа C дepeBяHHO—KиpпичHOй KOHCTpyKциeй，KOTopaя пpигoдHa K пpoи3BOдCTBy пopoшKOBыX дyбилbHbIX эKCTpaKTOB．Пpи пOMOщи кaлopифepa，иэгOTOB- леHHOгO и3 TpeX жeлeзHbIX бOчeK и3-пoд бeHзиH．HaгpeBaюT cBeжий вO3дyx Ha TCM- пepaTypy 25-140°CO cKopocTью 2，500M³/чac． и3MeHиB BнyTpeHHий диaMeTp CTOлбчaToгO KpaHa и кopпyca цилиHдpa B 25MM． MOжHO пOBblCиTb дaBлeHиe neдaлbHOгO pyчHoгo pacпblлиTeля дo 40-50 Kг/CM². Пpи пpиMeHCHии эTиX пpOCTbIX oбopyдOBaHий для пpOи3BOдCTBa дyбилBHblX эKCT- paKTOB пO cpaBHeHию C пpиMеHeHиeM BaKyMcyшилbHOгO aппapaTa для иcпapeHия pacTBopa эKCTpaKTa MOжHO CэKOHOMиTь 3HачиTелbHoe KOличеCTBO KpacHoй Meди，Ctaль- HыX MaTepиaлOв и MexaHи3MOB. 3．Пpи и3гoTOBлeHии пopoшKOBыX эKCTpaKTOB пyTeM pacпblлиTeлbHOй cyшки HeoбXOдиMO TшaTелbHO OчишaTь жидKий эKCTpaKT и HarpeBaeT eгo дo TeMпepaTypы

B 1959r B dieeHblX MaCCHBaX Ba60，ЧжaMaшH H CgIHbMH，pacnonoжeHHblX B ropax ЧHляHbшaHя，HaIIlHM HtlCTHTyTOM 651210 npOBedeHO 06cneAoPaHl4e ecTecTBeHHOrO B0- 306HOBieHHI eJIH c KenblO BblgICHCHHH 3aKOHOMepHOCTH ero B KaHHOM paoHe． rooBa cpeAHa TeMnepaTypa B aHHOM pafioHe paBHa 1℃，Makcu maanaa (B HIOJIO)一27.1℃，MHHHMaJIBHfli (B anBape)一30°，2． FoAosbie aTM0eqbepHbIe ocaKH Oipee．0Tc400--500MM．H ROHReHTJIHpylOTCt B nepl40Ae 7—9 MeCLtaX· BeaMop03HblInepHo)I OoKaeTc40He．：BereTaHoHHbInepHo~paCTCHHS npH— MepHo THCTCS：I 120 Altefi． B 06c．7IeoBaHHoM pafioHe pacnpocTpaHSlOTCS B OCHOBHOM qHCTble edlosble Hacax<- ~eHHg H HdlOIKa~KaMH CMelHaHHble HacaeeHH3 Picea asperata，Betula iaponica，Be- tula alba．Sinensis；Picea asperata．Populus davideana；Picea asperata，Betula japonica， Betula alba．Sinensis H Populus davideana B e0061RecTBe．A BCC eJIbHHKH pacrlpOCTpaHeHbl Ha 3aTeHeHHblX CKJIOHaX (ceBepHblfi，ceBepoBocTOIIHbI14 ceBep03aaHbIC KpyTH3- Hofi 20—30 o．Ho BepTHKaJIBHOMy pacnpocTpaHetHtO Ha 851COTe 2640—3400 M。Ape- BeCHHB HMeeT xopomnfi pOeT nnO~OHOlUeHHe Hx HaqHHaeTC~I B B03pacTe 40-60 JIeT． CeMeHHblfi rosaeTyiiaeT qepe3 Ka)KbI4 rosa． Pe3yabTaTbI 06cJIeoBaHHOKa3aJIH，qTO eCTeCTBeHHOe B0306HOBJIeHHe He MOAKCT yoBJIeTBopHTb TpeOOBaHnIO B BoocTaHoBeHHH H paCLUHpeHHH rocaecOoHa- Ha 3aJIo>KeHHBIX 514 nnomaAoIHMCIOTCFI 217 nnouIaoK(nJIH 42，2％OT 06mero qHcJIa nJIOIJaAKH)，Ha KO．H<,．KOM 143 KOTOpbIX BCXO~bI CBblIlIe 10000，a 48 IldlOIuaAog (9，4％)HMeeT FIO 5000--10000 BCXO~B H 53(10，3％)naoma2Igl4 HMeeT[IO 1000--3000 BCXO,~OB． KInomazH 6e3 B0300HOBJIeHHfl(T．E．14JIOIILaAKI6e3 acxoam)paBHSlOTCgl 164，T．E．68，1％OT 06mero q14CdlD． Bcxobi paclpocTpaHoTcoqeHb He paBHOMepHo 14 CKoHKeHTJll4pyIOTCFI KypTHHaMH Ha TeHeBBIX CKJIOHaX C IIOHH}KeHHblM peabeooM． O~HOJIeTHl4e BCXO~bl COCTaBJI~IIOT 79，75％H eaa60 paCTyT，a AByxJIeTHHe paCTyT XO． Pomo，HO HX OqeHh HeMHOFO H COCT8BJI~ICT JIHIJII20，25％． aHHblelOKa3blBaIOT，qTO l(aqecTBo eCTeCTBeHHOrO B0306HoBJIeHH eJIH He TOJIbKO CB~13aHO C KaqeCTBOM H KOJll4qeCTBOM CeM~II-I，H0 H C yCJIOBHeM MecTOnpOn3pacTaHHH· 11pH CJIHIIIKOM 60nbmofi H MaJIOt~HOJIHOTaX xopomero eCTeCTBeHHOFO B0306HOBJIe HHFI eJiH He OHaeTc． IloA no~IOrOM nee3 npn IIOJIHOTe 0，81，0 XOTI HaOnlo aIOTCg 06HJIbHble B030tgHOBJIeHHf：t(23352 IHT．Ha ra)HO OHH He MOryT xopomo paCTl B yrHeTeHHOM COCTO~IItHl4 H HaKOHelL rn6HyT H3--33 He~IoCTaTKH CBeTa．Ha MCCTaX， re IIOJIHOTa HHKe 0，3，HB-3a HHTeHcHBHOrO cOiHeqHero OeBeUeHHS， cyXOCTH IIOqBbI H HeycTOqBOcTH BJIa}KHOCTH BCXO,RSI Tag~e HJIOXO pa3BHBaiOTC14JIH COBCeM OTCyCT ByюT. Пoд пOлOFOM лeca c noaHOTOй O,4—O,7 HaблюдaюTcя 0билbHbIe BCXOды (23271 шT/гa)，pacTy зHepгичHO． KpyTиaHa и зKCпOзиция： yдOBлeTBOpиTeлbHOe eCTeCTBeHHOe BOзOбHOBлeHиe eли BCTpeчaeTcя Ha TeHeBbIX и пOлyTeHeBblX CKлOHaX．Bcxoды Ha ceBepHOM CKлOHe B cpeдHeM Ha гa 55176 шT．ceBepo-BOCTOчHOM-25905 шT Ha гa и ceBepo-зaпaдHOM- 21350 шT．Ha гa． Ha OCBeшeHHblX и пOлyOCBeшeHHblX CKлOHaX H3-3а CилbHOгO OC- BeшeHия，cyXOCTи пOчBы，cлaбоro paCTиTeлbHOгO пoKpoвa xopoшeгo BозобHOBлeHия He HaблюдaeTcя．CpeдHee чиCлO BCXOдOB Ha BOCTOчHOM CKлOHe COCTHBляeTCя TOльKO 2078 шT.H8 г3，Ha 3aпaдHOM-3500 шT，Ha югo-BOCTOчHOM-137 шT．Ha гa и Ha юж- HOM и югo-3aпaдHOM-иX COBCeM HeT． Ha MeCTaX，гдe KpyTиaHa Hижe 30 °eCTeCTBeHHOe BOзOбHOBлeHиe yдOBлeTBOpи- TeлbHO(B cpeдHeM Ha гa 24407)． Пpи KpyTизHe Cbышe 31° и3-3a бOлbшoй Kpy- Tи3Hы，cлaбOгO paCTиTeлbHOгO пoкpoBa pa3BиTиe BCXOдOB TaKжe cлaбOe． 3aBиCиMOCTb eCTeCTBeHHOгO BO3OбHOBлeHия пoд пOлOгOM лeca OT Kлacca B03pacTa дpeBOCTOeB：С yBeличeHиeM BO3pacTa，HaчиHaя C Ш Kлacca BO3pacTa(41—60)，KO- личeCTBO BCXOдOB B03pacTaeT(29156 шT．Ha гa)，B Iy—yI клaccax BOзpacTa чиCлO BCXOдOB Ha гa дOCTигaeT；дo 35707 шT． Пocлe yⅢ клacca BO3pacTa KOличeCTBO BCXOдOB Ha гa peзKO пaдaeT и Ha гa иMeeTcя TOлbKO 6042 шT． Пoд пOлOгOM дpeBOCTOH IX Kлacca Bo3pacTa BCXOдOB He HaблюдaeTcя ПKpoB：oбильHый MOXOBOй пoKpoB и MOщHaя лecHaя пOдCTилKa BлияюT Ha yxyдшeHиe eCTeCTBeHHOгO Bo3oбHOBлeHия．Пpи 10CM.-Boй MOщHOCTи MXOB BCXOдbI BCTpeчaюTCя oчeHb peдKO(2500 шT．Ha гa)． Ecли MOшHOCTB MXOB MeHee 10CM． TO Ha гa иMeeTcя 17500 шT BCXOдOB． Пpи MOщHOCTи пoдcTилKч лecHOй 1—3cM． BCXOды COCTaBляюT 31417 шT．Ha гa，пpи 5CM.-6358 шT.，пpи 7—9cM．2625 шT． BыCOTa： B OбcлeдOBaHHbIx paйoHax eлbHиKи BepTиKaльHO pacnpocTpaHяюTcя OT 2640 M.дO 3400 M．Haд ypOBHeM Mopя．Ho xopoшee ecTeCTBeHHOe B0бHOBлeHиe BcTpeчaeTcя Ha BblCOTe 2800-3100 M．(B cpeдHeM иMeeTCя 34758 шT．Ha гa)．Ha sepxHeй и HижHeй oпyшKax лeca BO3OбHOBлeHиe плoxoe．Ha HижHeй oпyшKe лeca и3-3a Bыпaca CKOTa，pyбKи дpOB BCXOдB OчeHb MaлO и TpyдHO pacTeT (B cpeдHeM Ha гa 7202 шT.)Ha BepxHeй oпyшKe лeca и3-3a Hи3KOй TeMпepaTypы．KOpOTKOгO BeгeTaциOHHOгO пepиoдa，Hи3KOй TeMпepaTypы， 3axлaMлeHHOCTи， 3HaчиTeльHOгO KoличecTBa CyXOCTOя и BалeжHиKOB (пepecToйый eлbHиK YⅢ Kлacca BoзpacTa) и плOXOгO плOдOHOшeHия BO3OбHOBлeHиe пpoиcxoдиT плOXO (Ha га 4373 шT.)．Ha BыCOTe 3400 M．H BышeHaд ypOBHeM Mopя BO3OбHOBлeHиe OTCyTCTByeT． вbIpyбKи，гapи и oпyшKи OKa3blBaюT бOлbшoe BлияHиe Ha eCTeCTBeHHoe BO3Oб- HOBлeHиe eли.Ha BbIбOpOчHblX BblpyбKax，гapяx и oпyшKax лeca eCTeCTBeHHOe BO3OбHOBлeHиe пpOиCXOдиT xopoшo (22000 шT，18250 шT，и 15250 шT．Ha гa)．Ha пpoгaлиHax，пyCTOTaX，пacTьбax и cплOшH bIx BmpyбKax и3—3a cлaбoгo 3aTeHeHия и HecTaбильHOй BлaжHOCTи пoчB eCTeCTBeHHOe BO3OбHOBлeHиe eли идeT плOXO (Ha гa 6250 шT．BCXOдB)． вCOOTBeTCTBии C BышeCKa3aHныMи MOжHO CKа3аTb，чTO B иccлeдOBaHиOM paйo- He иMeюTCя дOCTaTOчHыe BO3OбиOBлeHия，HO и3—3a Hи3KOгO KaчecTBa Ohи He MOгyT xopoшo paCTH，cлeдoвaTeлbHO，He OбecпeчeHo CBOeBpeMeHHOe BO3OбHOBлeHиe eльHиKa и пO эTOй пpичиHe HeOбxoди MO пpиHяTь Mepы，чTOбы пyTeM coдeйCTBия eCTeCTBeH- HOMy BO3OбHOвлeHию BOCCTaHOBиTь и pacшиpяTb плoшaдb eльHиKa．

Для BblпOлHеHия пocTaBлeHHoй MиHиCTеpCTBOM。ЛеCHOгO ХO3яйcTBa 3aдачи：3a ближaйшиe 3 гoдa OблecиTb и 3а 5 леT O3елеHиTb бaccйHy peKи XyaHxэ и 3а 8 лeT пpeкpaTиTb эpO3зOHHblй пpoцecc и пOBbICиTь ypoжaй ceлbcKO-xO3яйcTBeHHbIx xyлb- Typ Ha BOдOCбOpHOй плOшaдH эTOй peKи．HeOжxoдиMO пpиMeHяTb cOOTBeTcTBeHHbIe opгaHичеCKиe MepoпpMяTия,yдeляя CaMOe 6OлbIшOe BHиMaHие Ha пapTийHOe pyкo- BOдCTBO и MOбили3иpOBaTb шиp0Kиe HapoдHbIе MaCCbI Ha лecoкyлbTypHyю paбOTy. B пpoцecы paбOTы HeOбxoдиMO CBOеBpeMeHHo CлeдиTb 3a XOдOM paбOTы и иCпOл- HCHиеM OpгaHичecKиx и TеXTичеCKиX yKа3аHий，a TaKжe нyжHo CBOeBpeMCHHO CиCTeMа- Tи3иpOBaTb OпыT，гTOбbI KaчёCTBeHHO BыпOлHиTb и пеpеBblпOлHиTb плaHbl． УчиTbI- Baя 3acyшилBOCTb и CилbHblй эpO3иOHHbIй лpoцecc B даHHOM paйoHe，пpи лecopa3- BeдеHии HeобxoдHMо： 1) пpOBOдиTB OбpaбOTKy пOчBbI пepeд nocaдKoй для HaKOплеHия ocaдOK； 2) BыбиpaTb 3acyxoycToйчBbIe， HeTpeб0BaTeлbHbIe K noqBeHHOMy ycлOBию и KOpHeOTnpbICKиBaюшиe дpеBеCHO-KycTapHиKOBme nopoдbl B CMeшeHHOй CXeMe Cme- шCHия； 3) onpeдeляTь OnTHMaлbHyю гycToTy c yчeTOM ycилия 3acyxoycToйчBocTH xyлs- Typ H CпOC0бHOCTи B б0pLбe C COpHяKOM． Пo ecTeCTBeHHOMy yCлOвию B бacceйHe peKи ХyaHxэ и OпblTаM．лecOpa3BeдeHия， npoBeCHHOFO HBMH 3a nOCлeдHиe гOдbl， KOличeCTBO BbIC8дKH KOnCOaCTCS B npeдeлe 400—1000 Ha My，HO OH0 onpeдeляeTcя B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT MeCTHblX yCnOBHй； 4) yCилиTь yxoд 3a KyabTypaMи Hа OCHOBSHHH OпbITOB 3a пocлeдHHe гoдbI B бacceйнe XyaHxэ H C yчeTOM yCnOBHS TpyAoBOй CHлbl B даHHOM paйoнe nyжHo npo- BOдHTb yxOд 3а KyлbTypaMH MHHHMyM B nepBOM roдy 3 pa3a，BO BTOpOM roдy 2 pa3a и B TpebeM гoдy 1—2 pa3a C pbIXлeHHeM пOчBы rayбинOй 7—10cM．(B nepBOM roдy MOAKHO п0 Meлчe)； 5) ycилиTb paбOTy гo npoeKTиpOBaHию H HayqHo-HCCледOBaTeлCKyю paб0Ty．