1. There are two types of stamens.The fertile produces normal pollen grains and then splits,while the sterile produces abnormal pollen grains and does not split.The great mass of normal pollen grains make pollination possible. 2. The chalazal megaspore of a linear or T-shaped tetrad develops in a Polygonum type of embryo sac. 3. Pollen tube enters into the ovule through micropyle(porogamy). 4. The embryogeny conforms to the "Onagard type". 5. The "cotton" of the seeds develops from the epidermal cells of the placenta. 6. A schedule of time in relation to reproductive phase is given.

Hedysarum scoparium is a common xerophytic shrub of Papilionaceae, found in Shapetou region in the south-eastern part of Tengeli desert. (1) The xeromorphism of Hedysarum scoparium is shown by the following characteristics.Large reticulat water-storing tissue is only found on the abaxial sides of the leaf when section paralled to the leaf surface are examined.The water-storing tissue is between the epidermis on the abaxial side and the palisade tissue.In cross-section,cells of the water-storing tissue are round or oblate and separated or only slightly attached to one another, while in section parallel to the leaf surface,these cells are seen to be reticulat.In addition,below epidermis of the adaxial surface or between the mesophyll cells are large cylindrical or conical idioblasts.Water contained in the reticulat water-storing tissue and the idioblasts may check the passage of water. (2) The special pattern of the time course of transpiration observed in this plant is considered as an adaptive evidence for withstanding condition unfavourable to stomatal behavior or transpiration,by increasing income and decreasing expenditure of water. (3) Physiologically,Hedysarum scoparium showed high osmotic pressure, and high bound and free water ratio.This may be due to the high tanning content of the large idioblasts and the reticulat water-storing tissue,its drought resistance is,therefor,evidently increased.

A preliminary analysis of plant biomass and production of stem,bark, branches,foliages,and roots in 20 years old Pinus massoniana stand naturally regenerated in Huitong county of Hunan province is presented.The following regression equations were derived from the standing crop of the destructive trees: log W_s=0.95861log(D²H)-1.77859 log W_(Bk)=0.95724log(D²H)-2.75449 log W_B=1.22251log(D²H)-3.29930 log W_F=1.30291log(D²H)-3.78252 log W_R=1.12908log(D²H)-2.86012 The total biomass and net production in middle stand were,103.93 ton/ha and 5.45 ton/ha·yr respectively.These data show that the biological productivity of Pinus massoniana stand is higher than that in Pinus sylvestris stand of the same age.

The temperature of wheat leaves on growing plants in experiment blocks in and out of a shelterbelt system were measured by the extra-red thermometer.Datas showed the following results:1) Shelterbelt appearred a "cooling" effect on the leaves of the plants in the system under dry season or in drought areas.2) A change of the air current strength was made to induce a corresponding variation of eco-enviromental factors which caused a difference between leaf temperature of wheats in and out of a shelterbelt.3) After the strength of a hot,dry air current attended over a definite level,the difference value in front or back of a shelterbelt had a decreasing tendency.4) The mean temperature on leaves of the wheats after the shelterbelt are 1.3℃ which was lower than those in the open field,during jointing stage to maturity.Their accumulated temperature was less than 49.5℃ which equalled to about two days in total.And the date of maturity of those wheats after the shelterbelt was delayed about 2—3 days.

In this paper,the authors intend to make use of the Cutout Aggregation Classification Method of Fuzzy Mathematic for the purpose of studying the Classification of Picea neoveitehii Formation distributing over Xinglong Mountain some forty five kilometers from Lanzhou.Four associations have been divided.There are Picea neoveitehii-Sinarundinaria nitida-Carex sp.Association,P.neoveitehii-Sinarundinaria nitida Assoc.,P.neoveitehii-Carex sp. Assoc.and P.neoveitehii-Shrubs Assoc.The result of such a study shows that it is a simple and exact method to apply the Fuzzy Mathematic in classifying the communities of forest especially to the division of the lower units of classification.The authors consider that such a method can be extended generally in the classification of forest communities below the unit of Formation.Methods of classification of units above Formation have been also discussed in this paper.

The bamboo-shoot noctuid(Oligia apameoides Drt.),a destructive pest of bamboo,was found at a bamboo garden located in the region of Wanshan Brigade,Nanxiangdian Commune,Gungshan County,Honan Province in June 1964.There was no record of this pest in our country in the past. Studies on its bionomics and control measures have been conducted for more than ten years.The results show that there is one ge leration a year.It overwinters in the egg stage.There are altogether 16 hosts,which it can feed on and 7 kinds of natural enemies,which prey on it. An integrating control program of four words:"thinning,eliminating, dusting and spraying"has been worked out.Rate of preservation of bamboo shoot in the treated plots reached 95%.

The scal-insect Quadraspidiotus gigas(Thiem et Gerneck)is one of the important pests of popular trees in China,injuring chiefly Populus berolinensis and P.simonii in such an extent that the insect often completely covered their main trunk and limbs and devastated the planted forest over considerable areas. In Wangkui county of the Heilongjing province the scale insect has one generation a year and overwinters at the 2nd instar larval stage under much thicker scale.The adults emerge in the middle of May.The female deposits under scale about 93 eggs as an average.The newly hatched larvae appear in the middle of June and become abundant during late to early July. Its important natural enemies are the predacious ladybird beetle Chiloeorus kuwanae Silvestri and a parasitic aphidcholcid Prospalella sp. Several insecticides were tested for their control in the fields.In case of newly hatched larvae effects of insecticides may be arranged in following order:Calcium polysulfide >Abielic acid>Omethoale>Fussol.From late June to early July spraying the main trunk of infested trees with 5°Be.Calcium polysulfied has been proved to be must effective in killing the newly hatched larvae.

18 one-year-old seedlings of Paulownia fortunei,a fastgrowing timber species in China,were selected to represent the 3 classes of seedlings in the nursery,viz.small seedlings (S),medium seedlings (M) and big seedlings (B). Anatomical investigation revealed that the fibre length increases from top (3/4 height) downwards to ground level,and increases from pith to periphery at different heights:ground level,1/4 and 3/4 of the height.The difference of fibre length between any two of the three seedling classes is statistically significant:B>M>S.Fibre percentage (%) decreases while parenchyma % increases from S to B,but the difference between any two of the three seedling classes are statistically non-significant.It was concluded that fast growth yields more and longer fibres in spite of a decrease in fibres by 10%,and that there exist some possibilities of early evaluation of wood quality,of early selection of plus trees by using their root cuttings for vegetative propagation,and of early utilization of the species.

During the last decades advanced in forest industries countries developed various mobile logging machines(feller-buncher,harvester,processor)in order to realize full mechanization.This paper gives a brief account of such sophisticated mobile logging machinery. China has imported some of such heavy logging machinery from overseas, which are being tested at present.First results indicate that this heavy machinery is not suitable for the present stage of developement in China.In the social-economic point of view,for the moment it is not desirable to introduce such expensive and sophisticated machines,due to the abundant availability of manpower resources at extremely low cost.We should give priority to appropriate technology,which requires less investment and brings more benefits.