The characteristics of rainfall interception of the main forest ecosystems were quantitatively analyzed and compared among forests according to three spatial lyyers, i. e. canopy, litter and soil, that play an important role in ecohydrological function within a forest ecosystem. A wide range of materials and published papers were collected and arranged from a variety of forests distri buting in different graphical regions in China. The main forest ecosystems in China include cold temperate and temperate mountains deciduous and conifer forest or ever-green conifer forest, subtropic and tropic eastern or western mountains ever-green conifer forest, subtropic mountains ever-green broadleaf forest or deciduous and broadleaf mixed forest, subtropic bamboo. Forst, etc.Based on the results of comprehensive analysis made in this study, a preliminary suggestion for the further improvement of forest ecohydrological functions and for sound management of water reservoir forests and watershed was put forward in the present paper.

The results from a quantitative study on the nutrient characteristics of the forest trees in a 15-year-old Pinus taeda plantation, located in Xiashu Forest Farm, Jiangsu Province by experimental control fixed position observation, and analysis of nutrient elements, show that (1) There is only a significant difference in P element among different layers of tree corwn, and in K element among various individual plants; (2) The seasonal dynamics changes in the contents of N, P, K, and Mg elements have a pattern of increase-decrease, however the cont entof Ca element enhance slightly.The contents of N, P, K in new shoots are relatively high, that of Ca, Mg is low, hereafter the contents of N, P, K have a pattern of incresae-constant-decrease, the content of Mg has a pattern of increase-relatively constant, Ca element is in a sustained increase status; (3) There is a significant seasonal change in the contents of nutrient elements in branch, stem, bark and root; (4) The nutrient element contents in different parts of forest tree are in a rank of leaf > branch > root > stem > bark.

A large number of Populus simonii vigorous protoplasts were isolated from embryonic cell suspension culture. The yield of these protoplasts amounted to 3.8 × 10⁷g^-1FW. The protoplasts were cultured in a Km8p liquid medium containing 2, 4-D 3.0mg/L, NAA 0.2mg/L, and KT 0.2mg/L, and in higher density (3 × 10⁶/mL) and thinner layer, which have been proved to be favourable to the division and growth of the protoplasts. When glucose was used in the medium as the only carbon source, it was of benefit to the sustained division of protoplasts. The protoplast plating effeciency increased when the medium contained organic nitrogen. It could be favourable for further division to decrease osmotic pressure and separate mass into several dishes when cell colonies formed from protoplast. There is a evident difference in differentiation frequency of the calli on various differentiation media. The isoenzyme analysis results showed that the phosphopentose pathway and TCA cycle were more active in the calli with high ability of shoot formation, and the activities of GOT, EST, and PEROX were higher. The shoots of 2 - 3cm in height were cut off from the calli and rooted on 1/2 MS medium.After transplantation into pots, the regenerated plants grew vigorously in greenhouse.

The experimental results of fertilization at eight seed orchards in four provinces from 1983-1992 show that the best result is from the poor soil. The sorts of fertilizer and its prescription should be made up according to the local soil. The soil with a medium fertility or above, should be fertilized mainly with P, K fertilizer, but one with poor fertilizer should be added more N fertilizer. The best time for fertilization is between June to July so as to coordinate with the seed development rhythm and its flower bud differentiation, and another time is Autumn or Spring (April). Therefore it is better to fertilize two times for one growth season. The differences in the amount of fertilizer is based on the ages and sizes of trees. Generally, during the middle period of producing fruit it is 40-70gN, 100-250gP₂O₅, 50-150g K₂O once for one tree. It is also suggested that the chemical fertilizer should combine with the organic fortilizer. The seed production will be increased by 30-100% by using the best prescription of fertilization, and the seed setting rate, weight per 100 kernels, and germination percent also be enhanced.It is found that there are some differences in response to fertilization among different clones. A suitable fertilization can increase the chlorophyll content in needles, the number of female flower bud, and promote vegetative growth slightly.

This paper deals with a new species of the genus Sinopasma Güntter from Hainan Province, China. Holotype is deposited in the insect collections of Beijing Forestry University and paratype is deposited in Beijing Agritutural University.Sinophasma conicum sp. nov. (fig. 1)This new species is allied to Sinophasma mirabile Günther, but it differs from the latter in:1. Posterior margin of subgenital plate without rod-like prominence;2. The base of Cercus distinctly swelled;3. Posterior margin of anal segment concavus slightly.Body 44.0mm; pronotum 2.2mm; mesonotum 9.4mm; fore femur 12.4mm; middle femur 8.0mm; hind femur 13.0mm; 7th abdominal tergite 1.8mm; 8th abdominal tergite 2.4mm; anal segment 1.4mm.Female: unknown.Holotype ♂, paratype 1♂. Jianfengling, Hainan Province, Dec. 14, 1974, collected by Li Fasheng.

The toxicity, persistence of two kinds of insecticide formulation, microcapsule and emulsifiable concentrate (EC) made from one or two kinds of insecticide, were studied for controlling the larvae of Apriona germari Hope, Monochamus alternatus Hope, Bactocera horsfieldi Hope, and Dendrolimus punctatus Walker. The results showed that either in indoor tests or in field tests microcapsule had better effectiveness, longer duration and lower toxicity to environment than EC. For example, having studied the released quantities in a unit of time and the highest effective contents of SBM-20 microcapsule and SBE-20 emulsifiable concentrate, and the regularity of the change of effective content of insecticide in different formulations and in different times, the authors found that the controlled-release microcapsule had constant release and durable characteristics

This paper reports the chemical constituents resistant to Bactocera horsfieldi in different kinds of Populas deltoides. We discovered that the resistance of Populas deltoides was not related to nutritious substance but related to phenol componemts and tannin, 31 phenol constituents were determined by GS/MS/DS. A few constituents are discovered in Populas deltoides. At times, 13 constituents are also determined by HPLC.

A Study on the wood properties of 10-year-old loblolly pine with 18 provenances which intruduced from America grown at same location(Guang Xi, China) was conducted. It include (1) provenancial variation of the wood properties, (2) the geographic variation patterns of the wood properties as well as the relationship between the wood properties and indigenous annual rainfall and average temperature, (3) the correlation analyses among wood properties and between the wood properties and growth and from factors.These researches can help China introduce loblolly pine seed form America and work out suitable tree improvement program of loblolly pine.

On the base of the data of wood color and wood gloss from 110 Chinese wood species, the relationship between the parameters of wood VPM were studied, and their intrinsic connection were discussed. By a series of major component analysis and companion, a more efficent method to simplify the parameters of wood VPM was determined. The simplified major components possessed the relatively independent meaning of specialty. This method makes the research on this field more convenient.

In the paper the formulas of computing the grabing force about the wood grab in central drive form at two working conditions are deduced.The optimal design about it is studied and discussed, and the program is worked out. Some practical results are obtained.

Exotic forestry has become a very important subject in the field of modern forestry and played a more important role than ever before in the development of plantation forestry, wood production, improvement of the living environment for human beings and gene conservation of forest resources. Even though having rich genetic resources of indigenous species, China still use a great number exotic tree species in plantation forests, which is estimated to be of a total area of 8 million ha for more than a quarter of the area of whole plantation forests in the country.A strategy for a long term tree introduction and domestication wherewith exotic forestry is developed. The strategy is essentially composed of the establishment of base population, development of land race and improvement of the land races with wide enough genetic base. Indigenous species which never be grown under silvicultural conditions should be included in the strategy to get naturalized. In the experimental design for field trials of the exotic species or provenance, a certain consideration should be given to the seed production and gene conservation for tree breeding in the future.

The restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of cpDNA among five larch species were detected by using six endonucleases and eleven probes (cloned fragments from cpDNA of P. contorta). The results showed that there are differentiation in cpDNA among the larch species one another. Polymorphisms were largely concentrated on the combinations of enzyme Dral, Be1l, HindIII, and probes H132, H273, H157 and K140. The estimates of the number of cpDNA nucleotide substitutions per site (d) based on all 193 characters between all pairs of species ranged from 0.00017 to 0.00873. The phylogenrtic tree conducted with d values suggested that there are three groups of evolution phylogeny. L. gmelinii and L. kaempfora belong to one group with miner differentiation between them. L. sibiraca and L. laricina were the Pair of species with a close relationship, though there were evident polymorphisms between them. This relationship provided a new information for the polygeny of larch species between Eurasian and America. Having a great differentiation in cpDNA with other species suggested that L. griffithiana was one of the most primary species in Larix genus.

This study evaluates the potential and feasibility of measuring, mapping and monitoring of forests damage caused by pine caterpillars (Dendrolimus punctata Walker) using Landsat Thematic Mapper(TM) data. The composite images using TM5/TM4, TM4/TM3 band ratios with TM2 band are rich in vegetation and forest damage information. The TM5/TM4 band ratios difference data set was found to be strongly correlated with ground-based measurements of forest damage in Zhejiang province. Therefore, it is proved that Landsat Thematic Mapper(TM) data is sufficient to monitor and detect forest damage caused by insect and diseases.