According to continuty equation three process models of throughfall, stemflow and canopy interception were deduced with the method of system theory. These were constant coefficient differential equations of (n+1) th order. The processes of throughfall and stemflow were presented by the equation to describe the distribution feature and dynamic law. Relative errors between simulation results of model and experiment were lower than 2%, and between model and field observation lower than 6 % by the example of throughfall.Writer found that the process equations of both throughfall and stemflow through forest canopy which is porous medium are the same type as equation of thansient course of R-L-C circuit in electricity.

Castanopsis is a genus of important forest plant in tropical and subtropical regions of China. They are grouped into 3 subgenus, 4 sections, 3 subsections and 12 series as following:Subgen. Ⅰ. CastanopsisSect. (Ⅰ) CastanopsisSubsect. (1) Echinocastanopsis: Ser. 1.Concinnae, Ser. 2. Dentatae, Ser.3. Mekongenses, Ser. 4. Chinenses, Ser. 5. Tribuloideac, Ser. 6. Carlesanae.Subsect. (2) Castanopsis: Ser. 7.Argyrophyllae, Ser. 8. Castanopsis, Ser.9. Rhamnifoliae.Subsect. (3) Chlamydobalanus.Sect. (Ⅱ) Multiflorae: Ser. 10. Rockanae, Ser. 11. Ceratacanthae, Ser. 12.Callaeocarpus.Subgen. Ⅱ. Limlia.Subgen. Ⅲ.PseudocastanopsisSect. (Ⅲ) FissaeSect. (Ⅳ) Sclerophyllae

The division of site types and appraisal of growth were studied with data from 118 sample plots on Chinese pine in the calcareous mountain areas. Shanxi Province. The main site factors on growth are elevation, soil depth and slop direction, which consist of 24 combined sites. Each combined site is thought of a site type. Using the optimization division mathod, the 24 combined site types can be divided into 4 groups of site type. The wood growth was appraised and forcasted by the standerd of rafter on the basis of the correlation analysis between superior and ordinary plant.

Control Method is one of the intensive management method used in uneven-aged forest management. Based in the appliance of this method from 1987 to 19921 the diameterdistributions, species compositions, stock structures, selection intensities and stock increments of the experimental stands were systemalically analyzed. These stands were compared with some artificial plantations and some other selective cutting stands on stock increments and economical incomes. The use of this method not only made standing stock increment be 9.6m³/ha·a^-1, but also gave full play to multiple forest effects. It was shown that with appliances of this method the stands could get sustained development and that in same conditions this system would be better than the clear cutting system usually used in artificial forests. Whole-stand tally, traditionally used in abroad when appling the Control Method, was substituted with sampling survey, and the stand growth processes were simulated and predicted with the integration of one parameter prediction method and one mathematical programming method. All these would strengthen the practicality of Control Method and make it be a management manner to be widely used in forestry production.

The method and significance of analysis of the plant species for urban afforestation is studied by analyzing the following three aspects: the structure of plant species, the floristic components and the aesthetical pattern of the plant species in, Hainan cities. The important value of plant species for urban afforestation is described by taking the sum of the relative density, the relative presence and the relative coverage of the plant species, and the relationship between the characteristic of the artificial vegetation of urban afforestation and region is also analysed by studing floristic components of plants in cities. However, it is pointed out that the principle of urban afforestation is right in Hainan, and prominence should be given to the theme, and various patterns of the plants should also be embellished for the rational distribution of the afforestation plants in Hainan.

The pathogen has been examined by Koch's postulates as Alternaria tenuis Nees of red blight of old juniper. It caused a lot of blight needles and tender shoots to die down after artificial inoculation to the seedlings of 2-3 years Sabina chinesis and Platycladus orienta, it was proved that pathogen has very high pathogenicity to the host plants, it also infects some varietis of poplar. Incubation period of the disease is 5-6 days. Some researches on the biological characteritics of the pathogen was also done. The optimum temperature and relative humidity for spores geminetion and hyphae growth are about 25℃ and 90%. The optimum pH value for hyphae growth is 6.Glucose, starch, tryptone. Glutamic acid are good C and N sources in axenic culture of the pathogen.

More bird species abundance, everage densities and more bird species diversities were found in middle age stands of masson pine (Pinus massoniana)plantation. But by the analysis of multiple comparison, only the everage densities were apparently denser than the young loblolly pine (P. taeda) and slash pine (P. elliottii) plantation (about 10 years old), the bird species diversities were higher than the young loblolly pine and common Chinese fir (Cunninghamia laceolata) plantation (2-3 years old). The difference of bird species abundance between the two young stands was not obvious, but both of the bird species abundance in young stands, were evidently lower than those of middle age masson pine stands in winter. The rufous-headed crowtit (Paradoxornis webbianus) and the great tit (Parus major) were the most important birds according to the important value (300≥Ⅳ≥99) either in middle age or in young stands, in the former stands the main birds were the hwa-mei (Garrulax canorus), red-billed blue magpie (Cissa erythrorhyncha) and same emigrant species, in the latter stands, the main bird was the long-tailed bunting(Emberiza cioides) except the rufous-headed crowtit and the great tit.

An electron microscopic study was undertaken on the pit structure of 15 families, 28 genera and 45 spelles in hardwoods of China using ultrathin section and direct carbon replicas. Intervascular pit membranes with torns were found to be present in 10 species from 8 genera belonging to 4 families, but pit membranes were flat in the remainder. Microfibrils orientation on the pit membranes could be classified in 3 type:random; radio; paralled orientation. The vestures and warts in intervascular pit chamber separately ware fourd in 5 and 19 species. The above-mentioned characters have a value for the classification of wood. The intervascular pit membranes of bordered and half bordered pits in 17 fresh and delignified woods contain distict openings which diameter were 0.04-0.19μm. Plasmothesmata and fine pore were present on the simple pit membrand of fresh woods. The variation in phylogeny of the pit membrane of bordered pits in hardwoods was also discussed.

Five trees from each of three level of diseased Masson Pine (Pinus massoniana Lamb.)stand affected by air pollution and acid rain were collected from LiuZhou of Guangxi Autonomy, China. The results of wood structural characteristics of the seriously diseased (S_II) trees as compared to the slightly diseased (S_I) and no diseased (S₀) trees obtained from the study were as follows:1. The width of sapwood: S_II (7.62cm) < S_I(8.57cm) < S₀(9.30cm);2. The width of annual ring: S_II(3.48cm) < S₀(4.82mm) < S_I(5.00mm);3. The percentage of latewood: S_II (37.6%)>S_I (36.7%)>S₀(36.2%);4. The percentage of traicheid wall: S_II(48.13%)>S_I(47.51%)>S₀(46.08%);5. The ratio of tissueThe tracheid: S_II(91.9%) < S_I(92.69%) < S₀(92.80%);The ray: S_II(7.34%)>S₀(6.78%)>S_I(6.55%);The resin canal: S_II (0.68%) >S_I (0.57%) >S₀ (0.52%);6. The Morphology of tracheidThe length of tracheid: S_II(3828μm) < S_I(3966μm) < S₀(4372μm);The tangential diameter of tracheid: S_II(36.11μm) < S₀(37.28μm) < S_I(37.72μm);The tangential diameter of tracheid Iumen: S_II(24.91μm) < S₀(24.95μm) < S_I(26.12μm);The tangential wall thickness: S_II(5.06μm) < S_I(5.25μm) < S₀(5.7μm);The radial diameter of tracheid: S_II(35.08μm) < S_I(37.51μm) < S₀(38.10μm);The radial diameter of tracheid lumen: S_II(24.97μm) < S₀ (26.69μm) < S_I(27.07μm);The radial wall thickness of tracheid: S_II(5.6μm) < S_I(5.8μm) < S₀(6.17μm);7. The fibrillar angle: S_II: S₀ (7.0°) < S_I(7.3°);Diferent analysis indicated that the differences among the width of sapwood, the width of annual ring and the radial diameter of tracheid of seriously diseased trees and that of slightly diseased trees and no diseased trees were significant, but the others were insignificant.

The serious soil drification, which is being confronted in the course of construction of artificial vegetation represented by artificial plantation in the northern regions of China, is put forward in this paper. Soil desiccation is the mainly expressive form of soil deterioration of artificial vegetation in northern regions where there is less precipatation, the principal characteristic of soil desiccation is critical deficit of soil water continuously for a long time in the affecting scope of plant root system because of extra transpration of plant. The precipitation cannot compensate for water consumption effectively, surface soil crusts and soil compactness increases, which results in obvious declination of plant growth, even make plant shivelled and dead in the range of large area. The soil desiccation has become seriously potential danger of the construction of artificial vegetation in tills region. In my opinion, the direct reason, which causes soil desiccation of artificial vegetation, is the improper selection of vegetation type, too high community density and too high community productivity. The prevention and control strategy is as the follows:In the guidance of correct thought of vegetation construction, according to local bio-climatic productivity, vegetation type is selected in the light of local condition, community density is decreased subtantially, community productivity is adjusted and controled rationally, the final purpose is to keep balance between water consumption by plant transpiration and compensation of soil water, to further keep continuous stability and high yield of community.

The problems of Taylor's power law in examing insect population spatial pattern, were systematically studed. The results were as follows: ①the different combination types of a and b (the parameters in V=am^b), and the law of spatial patterns of insect population were not completely determined by the values of a and b, but by the values of V/m=am^b-1 within the limits [m_a, m_b], the combination types of a and b are nine. ②the parameters of a and b were used for decribing the relation between V and m, none of them do not possess particular bionomics meaning, the b is not the aggregation index to describing insect population inherent charater too. When the sample size in the sampling quadrat are changed, and X_ij'/X_ij≠a, the value of b is certain changed too. ③ when the m≠1, the b=(ar>, or < ) 1-lg(a)/lg(m) can be used to examinig insect population spatial patterns.

This paper describes an efficient approach for labelling images using a combination of pipeline and host processing. The output of the algorithm is a coordinate list of labelled object pixels that facilitates further high level operations. It is an efficient labelling algorthm that measured wood surface defects by computer vision method.