雷击火高发的呼中地区瞭望塔配置的可视性评价

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20220917

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective: The Huzhong area of the Daxing’anling Mountains is a region with a high incidence of lightning wildfires in China, and lookout tower monitoring is the most important means for fire prevention and control. In this study, we analyzed and evaluated the lookout tower monitoring system in the Huzhong area, in order to improve the local lookout tower layout and construction, and effectively enhance the local forest fire prevention and control capability. Method: In this study, Huzhong area of the Daxing’anling Mountains was targeted. Based on the geographical information data, the visibility of the existing 36 lookout towers in Huzhong area was analyzed by using ArcGIS, Origin and other analysis tools. In addition, the fire monitoring capability of the lookout towers was also evaluated combine with the historical forest fire data from 1990 to 2020 in the study area. Result: More than 96% of the forest fires in the study area were caused by lightning wildfires, most of which occurred from noon to evening in summer. The southern part of Huzhong National Nature Reserve, the central part of Huyuan forest farm, the western, central and northern part of Huzhong forest farm, and the junction of Bisui forest farm and Huzhong forest farm were the areas with high incidence of lightning wildfires. Lightning wildfires were mostly distributed on the gentle slope, southeast slope and south slope of the mountain with an altitude of 700?1 100 m. The overall visibility of the lookout tower system in Huzhong area was good, and the visibility of the lookout tower system between different forest farms was basically the same. However, there were significant differences in visibility between the individual lookout towers, among which the visibility level of each lookout tower in Huzhong National Nature Reserve was relatively high and the most average. Overlay analysis showed that 72.73% of forest fires fell in the visible area of the lookout tower, while the fires that fell in the monitoring blind area were mainly distributed in the southwest of Huzhong Forest Farm and the southeast of Bishui Forest Farm. There was a significant difference in the slope direction of fires that fell in the visible and invisible areas of the lookout tower. The former was mainly distributed in the southeast and south slope, while the latter was mainly distributed in the north, northeast and east slope. Conclusion: The overall visibility level of the lookout tower system in Huzhong area is good, higher than the national average level. However, the visibility of individual lookout towers varies greatly, and there are obvious monitoring blind areas. In particular, the fire monitoring ability at shady and semi-shady slopes is relatively weak, which needs to be strengthened.

Key words: lightning wildfire, forest fire prevention, lookout tower, visibility, Huzhong area

CLC Number:

S762

Mingyu Wang,Weike Li,Lifu Shu,Liqing Si,Fengjun Zhao,Wei Li,Xiaoxiao Li. Visibility Evaluation of the Lookout Tower Configuration in Huzhong Area Where Lightning Fires Frequently Occur[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2023, 59(10): 9-21.

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序号 Serial No.	区域 Area	瞭望塔编号 No. of lookout towers	纬度 Latitude/(°)	经度 Longitude/(°)	海拔 Altitude/m	监测半径 Monitoring radius/km
1	碧水林场 Bishui forest farm	1	52.077 597	124.056 022	991	15~20
2		2	52.098 056	123.699 167	968	15~20
3		3	52.138 111	124.094 039	809	15~20
4		4	52.242 294	124.000 406	640	15~20
5		5	52.345 842	123.818 056	809	15~20
6		6	52.061 367	123.711 936	1 056	15~20
7		7	52.368 794	124.140 817	850	15~20
8	呼中林场 Huzhong forest farm	1	51.883 897	123.449 439	1 221	15~20
9		2	51.889 233	123.765 656	1 167	15~20
10		3	51.967 214	123.203 439	1 050	15~20
11		4	52.002 103	122.817 711	1 335	15~20
12		5	52.013 611	123.352 778	1 089	15~20
13		6	52.065 903	122.665 978	1 202	15~20
14		7	52.103 992	123.174 408	1 248	15~20
15		8	52.168 719	122.861 878	1 128	15~20
16		9	52.276 992	123.321 061	1 030	15~20
17		10	52.309 667	123.165 633	1 189	15~20
18		11	52.085 833	123.047 222	1 163	15~20
19		12	51.835 033	123.137 183	1 225	15~20
20		13	51.953 461	123.970 086	1 021	15~20
21		14	51.897	122.741 997	1 270	15~20
22		15	52.237 5	123.411 842	1 123	15~20
23	呼源林场 Huyuan forest farm	1	51.290 028	123.488 394	1 266	15~20
24		2	51.392 508	123.532 867	1 147	15~20
25		3	51.445 694	123.304 497	1 209	15~20
26		4	51.620 972	123.529 489	1 404	15~20
27		5	51.468 922	123.658 975	1 044	15~20
28		6	51.559 564	123.592 064	1 238	15~20
29		7	51.759 206	123.801 75	1 129	15~20
30	呼中国家级自然保护区 Huzhong National Nature Reserve	1	51.417 778	123.152 703	1 317	15~20
31		2	51.7496 5	123.233 728	1 266	15~20
32		3	51.763 744	122.837 097	1 239	15~20
33		4	51.895 925	122.976 617	1 252	15~20
34		5	51.635 044	122.946 189	1 205	15~20
35		6	51.296 992	123.127 014	1 528	15~20
36		7	51.530 767	123.182 625	1 110	15~20

区域 Area	一般森林火灾数量 Number of general forest fire		较大森林火灾数量 Number of larger forest f1re		重大森林火灾数量 Number of major forest fire		特大森林火灾数量 Number of extra-large forest fire		总计 Total
区域 Area	不可见区域 Invisible area	可见区域 Visible area	不可见区域 Invisible area	可见区域 Visible area	不可见区域 Invisible area	可见区域 Visible area	不可见区域 Invisible area	可见区域 Visible area	总计 Total
碧水林场 Bishui forest farm	5	9	3	9	0	1	0	0	27
呼中林场 Huzhong forest farm	7	14	13	24	0	4	0	1	63
呼源林场 Huyuan forest farm	5	12	6	18	1	3	0	4	49
呼中国家级自然保护区 Huzhong National Nature Reserve	0	7	3	8	2	3	0	3	26
总计 Total	17	42	25	59	3	11	0	8	165

区域 Area	瞭望塔编号 No. of lookout towers	可视区域面积 Visible area/hm²	可视区域面积比例 Proportion of the visible area(%)	平均值 Average of proportion of the visible area	区域 Area	瞭望塔编号 No. of lookout towers	可视区域面积 Visible area/hm²	可视区域面积比例 Proportion of the visible area(%)	平均值 Average of proportion of the visible area
碧水林场 Bishui forest farm	2	36 579.48	19.85	13.30		13	23 196.47	6.56
	6	33 771.31	18.32			9	19 036.81	5.38
	1	32 621.70	17.70			6	16 757.41	4.74
	7	20 312.75	11.02			14	16 271.77	4.60
	4	17 211.27	9.34		呼源林场Huyuan forest farm	4	59 305.08	25.70	11.81
	3	16 580.25	9.00			6	33 227.45	14.40
	5	14 513.83	7.87			3	27 361.17	11.86
呼中林场 Huzhong forest farm	7	51 626.83	14.59	9.22		2	22 161.50	9.60
	1	44 302.31	12.52			1	20 522.38	8.89
	5	43 472.53	12.29			7	17 946.80	7.78
	4	42 679.45	12.06			5	10 251.73	4.44
	2	39 756.36	11.24		呼中国家级自然保护区 Huzhong National Nature Reserve	5	28 279.64	16.94	14.35
	15	36 152.33	10.22			3	26 088.06	15.62
	10	35 759.75	10.11			1	25 554.38	15.30
	11	34 031.44	9.62			7	23 895.73	14.31
	12	31 916.05	9.02			6	22 762.53	13.63
	3	29 284.83	8.28			2	21 515.89	12.89
	8	24 875.69	7.03			4	19 592.77	11.73

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Visibility Evaluation of the Lookout Tower Configuration in Huzhong Area Where Lightning Fires Frequently Occur

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