西宁市油松人工林生长季水量平衡特征

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20220890

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective: This study was aimed to deeply understand and quantitatively evaluate the hydrological effects of plantations ofPinus tabuliformis, an important afforestation tree species in Xining City, Qinghai Province of China, for providing scientific basis for the coordinated forest-water management. Method: Representative sample plots of middle-aged and closed stands of P. tabuliformis plantations were selected in the Huangshui Forest Farm, Xining City. During the growing season of 2021 (June-October), the variations of precipitation in open field, canopy intercession, stemflow, throughfall, tree transpiration, forest floor evapotranspiration, and soil moisture were monitored simultaneously, and the water yield from sample plots was calculated based on water balance. Result: The study showed: 1) The precipitation in the growing season amounted to 396.5 mm, while the canopy interception, tree transpiration, forest floor evapotranspiration amounted to 117.6, 109.4, 187.5 mm, respectively, accounting for 29.66%, 27.59%, 47.29% of precipitation during the same period, and showing an obvious monthly variation of firstly increase and then decrease. 2) The water storage of 0-100 cm soil layer was increased by 130.2 mm, showing an extra water input of 189.3 mm from outside (deep soil layers and upslope). The volumetric soil moisture of 0-100 cm soil layer varied as a consumption period from June to August, showing an overall decrease trend with values of volumetric soil moisture of always below 10%, indicating the existence of soil drought stress; while as a recovery period from September to October, showing a fluctuating upward trend with values of volumetric soil moisture of always above 9.3%. 3) The total evapotranspiration in the growing season amounted to 414.5 mm, which was 18.0 mm higher than the precipitation. After considering the influences of extra water input and soil water storage changes, the net water yield from the stand plot was calculated as ?18.0 mm, indicating that the plantation did not contribute to, but used/decreased the water yield from hillslope or watershed. Conclusion: In conclusion, even if the precipitation in the growing season of 2021 was higher than the mean annual precipitation of Xining City, the evapotranspiration of the closed stand of P. tabuliformis plantation cannot be satisfied by the natural precipitation under the semi-arid climate of Xining City. Therefore, it is necessary to maintain the stand stability against drought stress by lowering the tree density (canopy density) to reduce stand evapotranspiration or by appropriate irrigation to make up the water deficit, so as to ensure the desired dominant functions of urban landscape plantations.

Key words: plantations of Pinus tabuliformis, water balance, canopy interception, tree transpiration, forest floor evapotranspiration, water yield from forestland, Xining City

CLC Number:

S715.5

Wenhao Liu,Xiao Wang,Wenbiao Duan,Pengtao Yu,Yanhui Wang,Yipeng Yu. Water Balance Characters of Pinus tabuliformis Plantation in Xining City of China[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2023, 59(4): 46-56.

Figures/Tables 9

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样地 Plots.	经度 Longitude(E)	纬度 Latitude(N)	海拔 Elevation/ m	坡度 Slope/ (°)	坡向 Aspect	坡位 Slope position	林龄 Age/ a	林分密度 Stand density/ hm^?2	郁闭度 Canopy density	平均树高 Mean tree height/ m	平均胸径 Mean DBH/ cm	草本层 Herb layer
样地 Plots.	经度 Longitude(E)	纬度 Latitude(N)	海拔 Elevation/ m	坡度 Slope/ (°)	坡向 Aspect	坡位 Slope position	林龄 Age/ a	林分密度 Stand density/ hm^?2	郁闭度 Canopy density	平均树高 Mean tree height/ m	平均胸径 Mean DBH/ cm	平均高 Mean height/ cm	盖度 Coverage (%)
固定样地 Fixed plot	101°41′37.18″	36°38′12.43″	2 349	27.8	阴坡 Shady	坡中 Mid slope	40	1 350	0.85	9.04	13.82	18.6	50
临时样地1 Plot 1	101°41′30.45″	36°38′02.83″	2 445	23	阳坡 Sunny	坡中 Mid slope	40	1 750	0.60	5.58	8.11	12.3	42
临时样地2 Plot 2	101°41′22.27″	36°38′00.33″	2 480	22.4	阳坡 Sunny	坡上 Upslope	30	2 350	0.50	5.23	7.89	11.2	38

土层 Soil layers/ cm	土壤密度 Bulk density/ (g?cm^?3)	总孔隙度 Total porosity (%)	毛管孔隙度 Capillary porosity (%)	非毛管孔隙度 Non-capillary porosity(%)	饱和持水量 Saturation moisture capacity(%)	毛管持水量 Capillary moisture capacity(%)
0~10	1.11	54.45	48.05	6.41	49.01	43.26
10~20	1.31	47.60	41.34	6.26	36.28	31.51
20~40	1.28	47.05	40.52	6.53	36.69	31.59
40~60	1.30	49.35	42.80	6.56	38.11	33.05
60~80	1.24	52.40	44.17	8.23	42.28	36.02
80~100	1.21	53.55	46.56	7.00	44.85	38.99
0~100	1.25	50.68	43.75	6.93	40.92	35.41

雨量级 Rainfall classes/mm	次数 Times	降水量 Rainfall/mm	穿透雨 Throughfall		干流 Stem flow		林冠截留 Canopy interception
雨量级 Rainfall classes/mm	次数 Times	降水量 Rainfall/mm	雨量 Depth/mm	穿透雨率 Ratio(%}	干流量 Depth/mm	干流率 Ratio(%)	截留量 Depth/mm	截留率 Ratio(%)
≤5	10	31.4	11.44	36.43	0	0	19.96	63.57
5~10	8	58.0	32.67	56.24	0.03	0.05	25.30	43.62
10~20	10	145.3	92.87	63.92	0.31	0.21	52.12	35.87
>20	5	161.8	140.82	87.03	0.76	0.47	20.22	12.50
合计Sum	33	396.5	277.80	70.06	1.10	0.28	117.60	29.66

月份 Month	次数 Times	降水量 Rainfall /mm	穿透雨 Throughfall		干流 Stem flow		林冠截留 Canopy interception
月份 Month	次数 Times	降水量 Rainfall /mm	数量 Depth/mm	比率 Ratio（%）	数量 Depth/mm	比率 Ratio（%）	数量 Depth/mm	比率 Ratio（%）
6	4	56.7	38.9	68.66	0.23	0.41	17.6	30.93
7	4	67.8	50.9	75.06	0.20	0.29	16.7	24.65
8	10	107.6	79.7	74.12	0.24	0.22	27.7	25.66
9	9	127.2	83.6	65.75	0.39	0.31	43.2	34.03
10	6	37.2	24.7	65.19	0.04	0.11	12.4	33.44
合计 Sum	33	396.5	277.8	70.06	1.10	0.28	117.6	29.66

时段 Periods	降水量 Precipitation/ mm	林冠截留 Canopy interception/ mm	林分蒸腾 Tree transpiration/ mm	林下蒸散 Floor evapotranspiration/ mm	总蒸散 Total evapotranspiration/ mm	土壤储水变化 Soil water change/ mm	平衡项 Balance item/ mm	额外输入 Outside input/ mm	毛产流 Gross water yield/ mm	净产流 Net water yield/ mm
6.1~6.10	0.0	0.0	4.7	9.9	14.6	?6.2	?8.4	8.4	0.0	?14.6
6.11~6.20	29.7	9.3	6.1	12.5	27.9	?7.3	9.1	0.0	9.1	1.8
6.21~6.30	27.0	8.3	6.6	12.5	27.4	?8.4	8.0	0.0	8.0	?0.4
7.1~7.10	28.2	12.8	7.0	15.2	35.0	?7.2	0.4	0.0	0.4	?6.8
7.11~7.20	0.0	0.0	4.3	8.4	12.7	?4.4	?8.3	8.3	0.0	?12.7
7.21~7.31	39.6	3.9	8.8	19.0	31.7	16.6	?8.7	8.7	0.0	7.9
8.1~8.10	34.6	2.0	10.5	16.7	29.2	0.7	4.7	0.0	4.7	5.4
8.11~8.20	38.2	4.3	7.8	11.5	23.6	?4.3	18.9	0.0	18.9	14.6
8.21~8.31	34.8	21.4	10.1	15.3	46.8	5.4	?17.4	17.4	0.0	?12
9.1~9.10	45.2	11.9	9.6	16.2	37.7	36.5	?28.9	28.9	0.0	7.5
9.11~9.20	64.8	23.5	8.5	13.8	45.8	48.0	?29.1	29.1	0.0	19.0
9.21~9.30	17.2	7.8	8.6	11.7	28.1	?9.4	?1.5	1.5	0.0	?10.9
10.1~10.10	20.8	9.1	6.4	8.2	23.7	23.8	?26.7	26.7	0.0	?2.9
10.11~10.20	14.2	1.7	5.3	7.7	14.7	48.0	?48.5	48.5	0.0	?0.5
10.21~10.31	2.2	1.6	5.1	8.9	15.6	?1.6	?11.8	11.8	0.0	?13.4
累计值 Sum	396.5	117.6	109.4	187.5	414.5	130.2	?148.2	189.3	41.1	?18.0

Water Balance Characters of Pinus tabuliformis Plantation in Xining City of China

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