墨西哥落羽杉×落羽杉杂交的生殖与发育解剖学特征

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20220174

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective: This study aims to understand the reproductive and developmental anatomical characteristics of Taxodium mucronatum × T. distichum. Method: In this study, the changes in morphology and anatomy structure of ovulate strobilus of T. mucronatum were systematically observed throughout its whole developmental process from flower bud initiation to seed maturation. Result: The results showed that the period of megasporogenesis and development of female gametophytes was from January to May. The meiotic division of the megasporocyte produced four megaspores, among which the megaspore near the chalaza developed into a functional megaspore, while the other three megaspores near the micropyle degenerated. The archegonia complex was composed of 13 to 19 archegonia covered by a layer of jacket cells with two nucleuses, and positioned terminally without ventral canal nucleus. Fertilization took place in the middle of June. With the growth of the pollen tube, the spermatogenous cell enlarged continuously and before fertilization, it divided into two homotypic sperms, and one of the sperms fertilized the egg to form a zygote. The fusion of sperm and egg occurred mainly in the center and upper of the archegonium. The proembryony development was from late June to early July, early embryo development was from mid-July to early August, and mature embryo development was from mid-August to mid-September. The proembryony of T. mucronatum belongs to the standard type of coniferales. Simple polyembryony and cleaved polyembryony were found frequently, and the development of the embryo was not synchronous. The mature embryo is linear, with 4~9 cotyledons, and no pith in the embryonal axis. Conclusion: This study for the first time has observed the cytological process of megasporogenesis, female gametophyte development of T. mucronatum, reproductive fusion and embryo development of T. mucronatum × T. distichum, which would provide a reproductive biological basis for interspecific hybridization breeding of T. mucronatum × T. distichum.

Key words: Taxodium mucronatum, Taxodium distichum, megasporogenesis, gametophyte development, embryo development

CLC Number:

S722
S718.4

Ziyang Wang,Yuwu Xiong,Ying Yang,Yunlong Yin,Chaoguang Yu. Reproductive and Developmental Anatomical Characteristics during Cross Breeding between Taxodium mucronatum and Taxodium distichum[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2023, 59(2): 96-106.

Figures/Tables 7

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Table 1

External morphological changes and internal features in the development process of ovulate strobilus of T. mucronatum"

时间Time	外部形态External morphology of ovulate cone	内部发育特征Internal features of ovulate cone
1月初Early January	苞鳞紧包，外部数层苞鳞红褐色Bracts tightly packed together and the outer bracts reddish brown	珠心原基分化期 Division of nucellar primordia
2月初Early February	苞鳞展开，胚珠分泌出传粉滴 Ovuliferous scales are all spread out and the ovules secrete pollination drops	珠心和珠被形成期 Formation of nucellus and integument
2月中旬Mid-February	传粉滴收缩，花粉进入胚珠内 Pollen grains enter the ovule along with the pollination drop withdrawal	孢原细胞形成期 Formation of archesporial cell
3月中旬Mid-March	苞鳞增厚、向后弯曲 Ovuliferous scale thickened and bent backward	大孢子母细胞形成期 Formation of megaspore mother cell
3月下旬—5月上旬 Late March—early May	大孢子叶球近球形，相邻苞鳞基部合生Ovulate strobilus becomes subglobose, and the adjacent ovuliferous scales connate basally	雌配子体游离核分裂期 Division of free nucleis of megagametophyte
5月中旬Mid-May	苞鳞间的缝隙被颗粒状组织完全填充 The gaps between ovuliferous scales are completely filled with granular tissue	雌配子体游离核细胞壁形成期 Cell wall formation of free nucleis of female gametophyte
6月中旬Mid-June	大孢子叶球卵圆形，并开始木质化，苞鳞扁平，基部楔形，先端尖 Cones are oval and begin to lignify. Ovuliferous scales flat with base cuneate and apex acute	卵细胞成熟期和受精期 Mature egg cell and fertilization
7月上旬Early July	大孢子叶球外观与颜色无明显变化 Cones have no change in shape and color	原胚发育期 Development of proembryony
7月中旬Mid-July	大孢子叶球颜色开始变为黄褐色，苞鳞先端枯萎或脱落 Cones color begin to turn yellowish brown, and the apex of ovuliferous scales begins to wither or fall off	柱状胚发育期 Development of columnar embryo
8月上旬Early August	大孢子叶球完全木质化并轻度开裂 Cones become completely lignified and slightly dehiscent	子叶胚初期 Initial cotyledon embryo
9月中旬Mid-September	外观无明显变化，种子成熟 Cones have no significant change in shape，mature seeds form inside	胚成熟期 Formation of mature embryo

Table 1

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Reproductive and Developmental Anatomical Characteristics during Cross Breeding between Taxodium mucronatum and Taxodium distichum

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