石羊河流域下游干涸湖底不同下垫面的风沙流输沙通量

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20211202

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective: Different underlying surfaces in typical aeolian sand areas were selected in the dry-up Qingtu Lake to carry out the observation of sediment transport flux of wind-sand flow, the spatial differences of sediment transport flux and the particle size distribution characteristics of wind-sand flow were analyzed, in order to characterize sediment transport flux of saline alkali sediments and to provide a basis for the effective management of saline alkali desertification at the bottom of the lake. Method: Wind-sand flow meter was used to measure the sediment transport flux of wind-sand flow on the nine underlying surfaces in Qingtu Lake and its relationship with wind speed was studied, and the size distribution pattern of wind-sand flow particles was analyzed. Result: The average sediment transport flux of wind-sand flow in the range of 0-50 cm on different underlying surfaces showed as follows: lake shoal>Kalidium foliatum community in lake bed > moving Nitraria tangutorum shrub >Haloxylon ammodendron forest in saline sandy > K. foliatum community in the wasteland> semi-fixed N. tangutorum shrub >H. ammodendron forest in shifting sandy land> stable N. tangutorum shrub>fixed N. tangutorum shrub. The average sediment transport flux of wind-sand flow of different underlying surfaces were positively correlated with the average wind speed greater than 5.0 m·s^-1 in an exponential function with different extents of correlation. The particle size of wind-sand flow at the bottom of the lake was fine sand, the largest average particle size was the lake shoal, and the smallest was the K. foliatum community in the barren land. Conclusion: Among the 9 underlying surfaces, the sediment transport flux of lake shoal, K. foliatum community in lake bed and moving N. tangutorum shrub was larger, indicating that they are important area of wind sand movement at the bottom of the lake. Engineering and biological measures should be actively taken to control the flow of sand sources in the area. The particle size of wind-sand flow on the ground surface of K. foliatum community in the barren land was small, easier to be blown up by strong wind, increasing the content of air aerosol and pollution of the atmospheric environment. It was recommended to grow salt and alkali resistant shrubs to improve vegetation coverage, reduce surface wind speed and reduce dust emission. For the other 5 underlying surface types, the surface vegetation coverage was higher or the surface crust was relatively stable and the sediment transport flux was small, therefore closure of the sites can be adopted to allow natural restoration.

Key words: Shiyang River, bottom of dry lake, wind-sand flow, sediment transport flux

CLC Number:

S157

Shujiang Guo,Zihui Yang,Qiangqiang Wang,Duoze Wang,Fei Wang,Baoli Fan,Yijun Zhang,Yijun Li,Fubo An. Sediment Transport Fluxes of Wind-Sand Flows on Different Underlying Surfaces of Dry Lake in the Lower Reaches of Shiyang River Basin[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2021, 57(12): 13-21.

Figures/Tables 6

Table 1

Basic situation of sample plots"

编号 No.	样地类型 Plot type	经度 Longitude(E)	纬度 Latitude(N)	主要植物种 Main plant species
a	流动白刺灌丛 Moving Nitraria tangutorum shrub	103°34′31.14″	39°09′16.42″	白刺(Nitraria tangutorum)、盐生草(Halogeton glomeratus)、猪毛菜(Salsola collina)、沙蓬(Agriophyllum squarrosum)、驼蹄瓣(Zygophyllum fabago)
b	半固定白刺灌丛 Semi-fixed N. tangutorum shrub	103°33′42.8″	39°09′5.54″	白刺(N. tangutorum)、盐生草(H. glomeratus)、猪毛菜(S. collina)、沙蓬(A. squarrosum)、驼蹄瓣(Z. fabago)、芦苇(Phragmites australis)
c	固定白刺灌丛 Fixed N. tangutorum shrub	103°36′1.51″	39°09′41.8″	白刺(N. tangutorum)、黑果枸杞(Lycium ruthenicum)、盐爪爪(K. foliatum)、盐生草(H. glomeratus)、驼蹄瓣(Z. fabago)、芦苇(P. australis)、戟叶鹅绒藤(Cynanchum sibiricum)
d	稳定白刺灌丛 Stable N.tangutorum shrub	103°38′9.39″	39°08′18.99″	白刺(N. tangutorum)、碟果虫实(Corispermum patelliforme)、雾冰藜(Bassia dasyphylla)、盐生草(H. glomeratus)、猪毛菜(S. collina)、驼蹄瓣(Z. fabago)、芦苇(P. australis)、画眉草(Eragrostis pilosa)、砂蓝刺头(Echinops gmelinii)、戟叶鹅绒藤(C. sibiricum)
e	流动沙地梭梭林 Haloxylon ammodendron forest in shifting sandy land	103°38′17.05″	39°10′25.03″	梭梭(H. ammodendron)、沙蓬(A. squarrosum)、碟果虫实(C. patelliforme)、雾冰藜(B. dasyphylla)
f	盐碱沙地梭梭林 H. ammodendron forest in saline sandy	103°36′41.77″	39°04′28.55″	梭梭(H. ammodendron)、盐生草(H. glomeratus)、猪毛菜(S. collina)
g	湖底盐爪爪群落 Kalidium foliatum community in lake bed	103°39′37.36″	39°11′7.67″	盐爪爪(K. foliatum)
h	荒地盐爪爪群落 K. foliatum community in the wasteland	103°36′42.95″	39°04′17.89″	盐爪爪(K. foliatum)、黑果枸杞(L. ruthenicum)、雾冰藜(B. dasyphylla)、猪毛菜(S. collina)、盐生草(H. glomeratus)、芦苇(P. australis)
i	湖底滩地 Lake shoal	103°40′20.67″	39°12′29.31″	白刺(N. tangutorum)、阿拉善碱蓬(Suaeda przewalskii)

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下垫面类型 Underlying surface type	拟合函数 Fitting function	R²
流动白刺灌丛Moving N. tangutorum shrub	y = 2E-07e^3.18x	0.92^*
半固定白刺灌丛Semi-fixed N. tangutorum shrub	y = 2E-11e^4.20x	0.83^*
固定白刺灌丛Fixed N. tangutorum shrub	y = 1E-07e^2.27x	0.62
稳定白刺灌丛Stable N. tangutorum shrub	y = 2E-08e^2.74x	0.69^*
流动沙地梭梭林H. ammodendron forest in shifting sandy land	y = 1E-14e^5.03x	0.93^*
盐碱沙地梭梭林H. ammodendron forest in saline sandy	y = 4E-08e^3.16x	0.95^**
湖底盐爪爪群落K. foliatum community in lake bed	y = 4E-08e^3.38x	0.93^**
荒地盐爪爪群落K. foliatum community in the wasteland	y = 1E-06e^2.72x	0.86^*
湖底滩地Lake shoal	y = 0.000 4e^2.07x	0.75^*

Sediment Transport Fluxes of Wind-Sand Flows on Different Underlying Surfaces of Dry Lake in the Lower Reaches of Shiyang River Basin

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