毛竹林竹鞭生长特征和空间结构的探地雷达无损探测

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20201203

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective: A method of non-destructive detection for the spatial structure of underground bamboo rhizomes in moso bamboo forest by using ground penetrating radar(GPR) was developed, in order to solve the problem that the spatial structure and underground biomass could not be accurately predicted due to the deep underground and inconvenient observation of moso bamboo rhizomes, providing a new idea for the study of underground bamboo rhizomes in moso bamboo forest. Method: The GPR was used to detect the bamboo rhizomes in the sample plots of moso bamboo forest. The information of bamboo rhizomes was extracted after radar data pretreatment. At the same time, the diameters of bamboo rhizomes were estimated based on hyperbolic model, and the biomass of bamboo rhizomes was fitted by diameter (D) and length (L). Then the measured values were used to test the model. Finally, the vertical and horizontal spatial structure of bamboo rhizomes was analyzed. Result: The GPR could effectively detect the position of the underground bamboo rhizomes. The error range of the hyperbolic model for the diameter and length of the bamboo rhizomes were -14.45%-20.66% and 0.53%-8.51%. The estimated error range of the space position in X, Y and Z directions were 0.13%-6.65%, 1.23%-6.55%, and 2.42%-7.41%, respectively. The estimated values were close to the measured values. As for biomass, polynomial model and exponential model using DL and D²L as variables had the best fitting results. The coefficient of determination (R²) ranged from 0.93 to 0.95, and the root mean square error (RMSE) was from 18.3 to 22.4 kg·hm^-2. The simulated results of the exponential and polynomial models with D²L as variables were significantly better than that of the exponential and polynomial models with D, D² and DL as variables. Generally, the exponential model with D²L as the variable was the best fitting model of bamboo rhizomes biomass(BR), while the specific expression was BR=65.17e^0.002D²L. Analysis of bamboo rhizomes spatial structure showed that the vertical distribution of bamboo rhizomes was mainly in 0-40 cm soil layer, in which the number of rhizomes accounts for 91% of the total, while the length and biomass of bamboo rhizomes account for 95% and 93% of the total respectively, and the diameter of bamboo rhizomes in the lower soil (>20 cm) was significantly larger than that in the surface soil (0-20 cm). The underground rhizomes were tortuous, and the spatial distribution was relatively uniform. There was little difference in the diameter of the same rhizomes, but there were significantly differences in the diameter of different rhizomes (P < 0.01). The length and biomass of the rhizomes per unit area in the sample plot were 54 080 m·hm^-2 and 1 001.17 kg·hm^-2 respectively. Conclusion: The results showed that GPR could successfully detect the position information of the underground bamboo rhizomes and obtain the vertical and horizontal spatial structure of the bamboo rhizomes. At the same time, the bamboo rhizomes diameter model and the biomass model also produced the good prediction results, indicating that GPR technology could provide technical support for the study of bamboo rhizomes structure and dynamics and the relationship with above-ground standing bamboo.

Key words: moso bamboo forest, ground penetrating radar, rhizomes system, spatial structure, non-destructive detection

CLC Number:

S757.2⁺9

Yulu Xiong,Yufeng Zhou,Pingheng Li,Liang Tong,Guomo Zhou,Yongjun Shi,Huaqiang Du. Non-Destructive Detection by Ground Penetrating Radar of Growth Characteristics and Spatial Structure of Rhizomes in Moso Bamboo Forest[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2020, 56(12): 19-27.

Figures/Tables 10

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References 0

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竹鞭编号 Rhizome No.	样本点 Sample points	双曲线拟合的4个参数				实测直径 Measured diameter/cm	相对误差 Relative error(%)
竹鞭编号 Rhizome No.	样本点 Sample points	t₀/s x₀/cm		v/(cm·s^-1)	估计直径 Estimated diameter/cm	实测直径 Measured diameter/cm	相对误差 Relative error(%)
1	16	1.50	1.19	1.02×10⁸	1.61	1.71	-5.82
2	39	0.31	1.22	1.37×10⁸	1.93	1.71	12.87
3	39	-0.16	1.24	1.55×10⁸	1.50	1.71	-12.28
4	18	-0.99	1.87	1.10×10⁸	1.95	1.73	12.72
5	26	-1.40	1.81	1.51×10⁸	2.64	2.28	15.79
6	30	0.31	1.52	1.39×10⁸	2.04	2.23	-8.52
7	21	1.50	1.19	1.53×10⁸	2.25	2.13	5.63
8	39	0.31	1.22	1.38×10⁸	2.57	2.13	20.66
9	25	0.75	1.58	1.43×10⁸	1.48	1.73	-14.45
10	27	0.92	1.34	1.45×10⁸	1.85	1.73	6.94

土层 Soil layer/cm	竹鞭数量 Number of bamboo rhizomes	平均直径 Average diameter/cm	鞭长 Rhizomes length/(m·hm^-2)	生物量 Biomass/(kg·hm^-2)
0~5	5 (22%)	2.02	11 700 (22%)	225.03 (23%)
5~20	9 (39%)	2.01	22 292 (41%)	323.89 (32%)
20~40	7 (30%)	2.36	17 224 (32%)	382.43 (38%)
>40	2 (9%)	2.42	2 864 (5%)	69.82 (7%)
合计Total	23 (100%)	2.15	54 080 (100%)	1 001.17 (100%)

竹鞭号 Rhizome No.	竹鞭长度 Rhizome length/m			空间位置相对误差 Location relative error (%)
竹鞭号 Rhizome No.	估计值 Simulated value/m	实测值 Actual value/m	相对误差 Relative error (%)	X	Y	Z
1	1.22	1.25	2.40	6.65	4.31	7.41
2	1.53	1.56	1.92	1.62	5.54	2.47
3	1.81	1.79	1.12	4.25	6.45	5.69
4	1.02	0.94	8.51	3.40	5.17	7.07
5	1.88	1.87	0.53	6.24	1.23	5.97
6	2.05	2.03	0.99	5.33	2.84	2.42
7	1.18	1.16	1.72	3.20	6.55	3.39
8	1.03	1.05	1.90	0.13	6.42	4.23
9	0.98	0.93	5.38	5.75	2.87	3.91
10	2.54	2.52	0.79	3.11	6.26	4.39

模型 Model	参数估计值 Estimated parameter values			模型建立精度 Model establishment accuracy		模型检验精度 Model validation accuracy
模型 Model	a	b	c	R²	RMSE/g	R²	RMSE/g
BR=aD^b	16.77	2.84		0.61	51.6	0.55	48.0
BR=a(DL)^b	0.11	1.46		0.90	26.3	0.70	21.0
BR=a(D²L)^b	0.41	1.03		0.88	29.5	0.65	38.9
BR=a+bD+cD²	963.70	-962.50	266.20	0.69	48.0	0.73	47.2
BR=a+bDL+c(DL)²	80.41	-0.94	0.006 3	0.94	20.6	0.69	27.1
BR=a+bD²L+c(D²L)	64.27	0.10	0.000 5	0.93	22.4	0.83	20.3
BR=ae^bD	7.84	1.35		0.67	48.1	0.61	35.9
BR=ae^bD²	33.13	0.31		0.72	44.6	0.75	29.2
BR=ae^bDL	43.37	0.01		0.95	18.3	0.68	19.7
BR=ae^bD²L	65.17	0.002		0.94	21.4	0.83	17.3

竹鞭号 Rhizome No.	估计直径 Simulated diameter/cm	实测直径 Actual diameter/ cm	实测生物量 Actual biomass/ (kg·hm^-2)	估计直径模拟生物量 Calculated biomass using estimated diameter		实测直径模拟生物量 Calculated biomass using actual diameter
竹鞭号 Rhizome No.	估计直径 Simulated diameter/cm	实测直径 Actual diameter/ cm	实测生物量 Actual biomass/ (kg·hm^-2)	生物量 Biomass/(kg·hm^-2)	RMSE/g	生物量 Biomass/(kg·hm^-2)	RMSE/g
1	1.61	1.71	86.94	90.86	3.92	94.81	7.87
2	1.93	1.71	86.94	105.06	18.12	94.81	7.87
3	1.50	1.71	86.94	86.96	0.02	94.81	7.87
4	1.95	1.73	86.94	106.11	19.17	95.65	8.71
5	2.64	2.28	167.91	198.77	30.86	149.72	18.19
6	2.04	2.23	167.91	126.83	41.08	144.41	23.50
7	2.25	2.13	167.91	146.50	21.41	134.68	33.23
8	2.57	2.13	167.91	187.50	19.59	134.68	33.23
9	1.48	1.73	93.87	92.56	1.31	105.26	11.39
10	1.85	1.73	93.87	112.76	18.89	105.26	11.39

Non-Destructive Detection by Ground Penetrating Radar of Growth Characteristics and Spatial Structure of Rhizomes in Moso Bamboo Forest

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