美洲黑杨亲本及其不同林龄及生长势子代叶片糖代谢的差异

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20240636

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective: In this study, the differences in key indicators of starch and sucrose metabolism in the leaves of Populus deltoides parents and their F1 hybrids with different growth potentials were investigated at different forest ages during critical periods of annual growth, with which the role of starch and sucrose metabolism in the formation and maintenance of growth heterosis in P. deltoides was analyzed. This study aims to provide valuable references for revealing the role of starch and sucrose metabolism in the formation and maintenance of growth heterosis in trees, as well as in high-yield hybrid breeding of poplars. Method: With the space-for-time substitution method, the high-growth potential hybrids (H1, H2, H3) and low-growth potential hybrids (L3, L4) at 1- and 3-year-old forest, along with their male (MP) and female (FP) parents of P. deltoides were selected as the research materials. The content of starch and sucrose, as well as the activities of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), β-amylase (BAM), and sucrose synthase (decomposition direction, SS-I) in the leaves at different time points during critical growth periods (July, August, September) were measured using micro-methods. The differences in various indicators were compared among hybrids and parents, and the correlation and regression, as well as path analysis were conducted to elucidate the regulatory patterns of key indicators in starch and sucrose metabolism in the formation of different growth potentials. Result: During the critical growth periods, high-growth potential hybrids at 1-year-old and 3-year-old forest exhibited significant high-parent heterosis (HPH) in growth traits such as tree height and diameter at breast height (DBH), and showed obvious mid-parent or high-parent heterosis in key indicators of starch and sucrose metabolism. However, the sugar metabolism characteristics that promote and maintain growth heterosis in high-growth potential hybrids of P. deltoides were different with different ages. Among them, 1-year-old high-growth potential hybrids showed high-parent heterosis in the activity of daytime starch and sucrose synthesis related enzymes (AGPase and SPS), as well as nighttime starch consumption, with HPH values of 1.63%–13.47%, 5.41%–16.03%, 0.58%–4.44%, respectively. Moreover, AGPase and SPS activities were significantly positively correlated with the net increase of tree height and ground diameter (GD), with significantly positive direct effects (P< 0.05). Except for daytime SPS activity and nighttime sucrose consumption, which showed high-parent heterosis (HPH: 0.61%–14.77%, 0.29%–26.05%), the 3-year-old high-growth potential hybrids showed mid-parent heterosis (MPH) in other sugar metabolism indicators, which were 0.42%–12.23%, 0.25%–12.20%, 0.76%–5.20%, respectively. There were significant correlations between key sugar metabolism indicators and growth traits of 3-year-old P. deltoides, which were influenced by the month of measurement. The nighttime sucrose consumption and BAM, SPS, and AGPase activity had a decisive role on net growth in July, August, and September, respectively. These indicators showed opposite trends in low-growth potential hybrids. Conclusion: The heterosis phenomenon in growth traits of P. deltoides is stable at both 1-year-old and 3-year-old forest, and the characteristics of sugar metabolism-related indicators during critical growth periods are closely related to the formation and maintenance of growth heterosis. The sugar metabolism strategies for maintaining growth heterosis in high-growth potential hybrids of P. deltoides with different forest ages are different. For 1-year-old forest, growth heterosis is primarily enhanced by increasing the accumulation and transport of sucrose and starch during day and night. The 3-year-old high-growth potential hybrids maintain their growth heterosis mainly through the accumulation and transport of sucrose, with this process being influenced by the month of measurement.

Key words: Populus deltoides, starch metabolism, sucrose metabolism, growth traits, heterosis.

CLC Number:

S722.3

Jing Zhang,Weixi Zhang,Changjun Ding,Yanguang Chu,Xiaohua Su,Jun Zhao,Xuehui Su,Zhengsai Yuan,Zhenghong Li,Jinjin Yu,Qinjun Huang. Differences in Leaf Sugar Metabolism of Populus deltoides Parents and their Hybrids with Different Growth Potentials and Different Forest Ages[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2025, 61(5): 131-145.

Figures/Tables 12

Fig.1

Table 1

Fig.2

Table 2

Fig.3

Table 3

Fig.4

Table 4

Fig.5

Table 5

Table 6

Path analysis of biochemical indicators and net monthly increase in height growth of Populus deltoides"

林龄 Forest age/a	月份 Month	因子 Factor	与?H简单相关 Simple relevant with net monthly growth in tree height	直接通径系数 Direct path coefficient	间接通径系数Indirect path coefficients						决策系数 Decision coefficient
林龄 Forest age/a	月份 Month	因子 Factor		直接通径系数 Direct path coefficient	?Starch	?Sucrose	AGPase	SPS	BAM	SS-I	决策系数 Decision coefficient
1	7	?Starch	–0.159	–0.125	1	0.017	–0.015	–0.014	0.021	–0.010	0.024
		?Sucrose	0.169	0.151	0.020	1	0.028	–0.022	0.016	–0.019	0.028
		AGPase	0.607**	0.369	–0.045	0.068	1	0.113	0.025	–0.056	0.312
		SPS	0.619**	0.515	–0.058	–0.075	0.157	1	0.005	0.007	0.372
		BAM	0.256	0.209	0.035	0.022	0.014	0.002	1	–0.030	0.063
		SS-I	–0.248	–0.159	–0.012	–0.020	–0.024	0.002	–0.023	1	0.054
	8	?Starch	0.156	0.105	1	–0.008	–0.003	0.013	–0.017	–0.008	0.022
		?Sucrose	–0.112	–0.252	–0.019	1	0.068	–0.052	0.057	–0.032	–0.007
		AGPase	0.632**	0.569	–0.014	0.153	1	0.034	0.175	–0.086	0.395
		SPS	0.579**	0.404	0.048	–0.084	0.024	1	0.104	0.005	0.305
		BAM	0.472*	0.239	–0.038	0.054	0.073	0.061	1	–0.034	0.168
		SS-I	–0.415*	–0.099	–0.035	–0.024	–0.037	–0.015	–0.028	1	0.072
	9	?Starch	0.541**	0.239	1	0.003	0.107	0.014	–0.023	–0.052	0.201
		?Sucrose	–0.024	–0.125	0.002	1	0.010	0.069	–0.019	–0.035	–0.010
		AGPase	0.735**	0.580	0.260	0.047	1	0.160	0.065	–0.156	0.516
		SPS	0.099	–0.012	0.001	0.007	0.003	1	0.000	0.000	–0.003
		BAM	0.109	0.020	–0.002	–0.003	0.002	–0.000	1	–0.003	0.004
		SS-I	–0.392*	–0.218	–0.047	–0.062	–0.059	–0.006	–0.027	1	0.123
3	7	?Starch	–0.008	–0.154	1	0.046	0.009	0.009	–0.016	0.029	–0.021
		?Sucrose	0.360	0.449	0.133	1	–0.154	–0.180	0.150	–0.154	0.122
		AGPase	0.170	0.110	0.007	–0.038	1	0.055	0.040	–0.007	0.025
		SPS	0.025	0.175	0.010	–0.070	0.088	1	–0.021	0.028	–0.022
		BAM	0.500*	0.408	–0.043	0.136	0.150	–0.050	1	–0.183	0.242
		SS-I	–0.141	0.205	0.039	–0.070	–0.014	0.032	–0.092	1	–0.100
	8	?Starch	0.165	0.211	1	–0.013	0.064	–0.047	0.060	0.042	0.025
		?Sucrose	0.314	0.200	–0.012	1	–0.010	0.051	0.102	0.042	0.086
		AGPase	0.389*	0.290	0.088	–0.014	1	0.017	0.060	–0.040	0.142
		SPS	0.563**	0.544	–0.121	0.138	0.032	1	–0.085	–0.034	0.317
		BAM	0.159	0.028	0.008	0.014	0.006	–0.004	1	0.003	0.008
		SS-I	–0.037	–0.050	0.010	0.011	–0.007	–0.003	0.005	1	0.001
	9	?Starch	0.418*	0.135	1	0.055	0.040	0.024	0.017	–0.016	0.095
		?Sucrose	0.514**	0.158	0.065	1	0.034	0.079	0.038	–0.065	0.137
		AGPase	0.655**	0.515	0.152	0.115	1	0.005	0.115	–0.217	0.409
		SPS	0.360	0.249	0.045	0.124	0.003	1	0.093	0.013	0.117
		BAM	0.282	0.026	0.003	0.006	0.006	0.010	1	0.001	0.014
		SS-I	–0.421*	–0.135	–0.019	–0.055	–0.057	0.007	0.006	1	0.095

Table 6

Table 7

Path analysis of biochemical indicators and net monthly increase in diameter growth of Populus deltoides"

林龄 Forest age/a	月份 Month	因子 Factor	与?GD或?DBH简单相关 Simple relevant with net monthly growth in ground diameter or DBH	直接通径系数 Direct path coefficient	间接通径系数Indirect path coefficients						决策系数 Decision coefficient
林龄 Forest age/a	月份 Month	因子 Factor		直接通径系数 Direct path coefficient	?Starch	?Sucrose	AGPase	SPS	BAM	SS-I	决策系数 Decision coefficient
1	7	?Starch	–0.273	–0.233	1	0.031	–0.028	–0.026	0.039	–0.018	0.073
		?Sucrose	0.177	0.092	0.012	1	0.017	–0.013	0.010	–0.012	0.024
		AGPase	0.772**	0.610	–0.074	0.112	1	0.186	0.042	–0.093	0.570
		SPS	0.461*	0.261	–0.029	–0.038	0.080	1	0.002	0.003	0.173
		BAM	0.277	0.244	0.041	0.025	0.017	0.002	1	–0.035	0.076
		SS-I	–0.250	–0.131	–0.010	–0.017	–0.020	0.002	–0.019	1	0.048
	8	?Starch	0.148	–0.004	1	–0.001	0.000	0.001	–0.001	–0.001	–0.001
		?Sucrose	–0.026	–0.184	–0.014	1	0.050	–0.038	0.042	–0.045	–0.024
		AGPase	0.452*	0.210	–0.005	0.057	1	0.013	0.064	–0.078	0.146
		SPS	0.607**	0.403	0.048	–0.084	0.024	1	0.104	–0.060	0.327
		BAM	0.605**	0.353	–0.056	0.081	0.108	0.091	1	–0.103	0.303
		SS-I	–0.624**	–0.429	–0.151	–0.104	–0.159	–0.064	–0.125	1	0.351
	9	?Starch	0.516**	0.259	1	0.004	0.116	0.015	–0.025	–0.056	0.200
		?Sucrose	0.093	0.183	0.003	1	0.015	0.100	–0.027	–0.052	0.001
		AGPase	0.758**	0.674	0.302	0.054	1	0.185	0.076	–0.182	0.568
		SPS	0.122	–0.173	0.010	0.095	0.048	1	–0.003	–0.005	–0.072
		BAM	0.218	0.202	–0.019	–0.030	0.023	–0.004	1	–0.025	0.047
		SS-I	–0.227	0.083	–0.018	–0.023	–0.022	–0.002	–0.010	1	–0.045
3	7	?Starch	0.014	–0.181	1	0.054	0.011	0.010	–0.019	0.035	–0.038
		?Sucrose	0.387*	0.572	0.170	1	–0.197	–0.229	0.191	–0.197	0.116
		AGPase	0.252	0.093	0.006	–0.032	1	0.047	0.034	–0.006	0.038
		SPS	0.220	0.433	0.024	–0.173	0.218	1	–0.053	0.068	0.003
		BAM	0.537**	0.442	–0.046	0.147	0.162	–0.054	1	–0.198	0.279
		SS-I	–0.153	0.214	0.041	–0.074	–0.014	0.034	–0.096	1	–0.111
	8	?Starch	0.155	0.079	1	–0.005	0.024	–0.018	0.022	–0.016	0.018
		?Sucrose	0.412*	0.122	–0.007	1	–0.006	0.031	0.062	0.026	0.086
		AGPase	0.167	0.025	0.008	–0.001	1	0.001	0.005	–0.003	0.008
		SPS	0.169	0.228	–0.051	0.058	0.014	1	–0.036	–0.014	0.025
		BAM	0.541**	0.495	0.140	0.253	0.102	–0.078	1	0.053	0.291
		SS-I	0.007	–0.069	0.014	–0.015	–0.010	–0.004	0.007	1	–0.006
	9	?Starch	0.336	0.011	1	0.005	0.003	0.002	0.001	–0.002	0.007
		?Sucrose	0.521**	0.381	0.156	1	0.085	0.190	0.092	–0.157	0.252
		AGPase	0.499*	0.526	0.155	0.118	1	0.005	0.118	–0.221	0.248
		SPS	0.516**	0.309	0.055	0.154	0.003	1	0.115	0.016	0.223
		BAM	0.427*	0.103	0.013	0.025	0.023	0.038	1	0.005	0.077
		SS-I	–0.025	0.267	–0.037	–0.110	–0.112	0.014	0.012	1	–0.085

Table 7

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指标 Indicators	杂种优势 Heterosis (%)	1年生 1-year-old					3年生 3-year-old
指标 Indicators	杂种优势 Heterosis (%)	H1	H2	H3	L3	L4	H1	H2	H3	L3	L4
高度净增量 Net increase in height	MPH	6.33**	26.81**	8.53**	–44.45	–20.36	22.43**	7.12*	18.73**	–18.73	–15.04
高度净增量 Net increase in height	HPH	5.54**	25.88**	7.73**	–44.86	–20.95	20.21**	5.18*	16.58**	–20.21	–16.58
径粗净增量 Net increase in diameter	MPH	24.78**	38.55**	14.97**	–50.74	–17.24	51.32**	17.46**	14.29**	–35.45	–33.33
径粗净增量 Net increase in diameter	HPH	14.98**	27.67**	5.94**	–54.61	–23.74	50.53**	16.84**	13.68**	–35.79	–33.68

指标Indicators	系号 Clone	1年生 1-year-old						3年生 3-year-old
		7月July		8月August		9月September		7月July		8月August		9月September
		MPH	HPH	MPH	HPH	MPH	HPH	MPH	HPH	MPH	HPH	MPH	HPH
淀粉夜间消耗量 Starch consumption at night	H1	–2.85	–5.75	0.30	–0.35	6.50*	4.44*	9.59	2.91	1.99	0.44	12.20*	8.99*
	H2	1.18	–1.84	4.33	3.65	4.61	2.58	2.68	–3.58	–2.18	–3.68	0.25	–2.62
	H3	0.83	–2.18	1.24	0.58	–4.70	–6.54	0.30	–5.82	4.52	2.93	3.85	0.87
	L3	7.54	4.32	–1.39	–2.03	–16.81	–18.42	1.61	–4.60	–4.33	–5.79	–13.00	–15.49
	L4	–0.29	–2.71	1.12	0.46	–6.25	–8.07	14.36	7.39	–0.66	–2.18	–2.69	–5.48
蔗糖夜间消耗量 Sucrose consumption at night	H1	9.45	5.95	11.31	3.34	3.79	–5.21	15.86	15.19	18.18*	2.61*	31.63**	26.05**
	H2	0.77	–2.45	–4.82	–11.64	6.72	–2.53	0.88	0.29	4.17	–9.56	13.55*	8.73*
	H3	15.77*	12.07*	6.36	–1.25	15.96	5.91	–0.73	–1.31	12.99*	–1.90*	12.05*	7.29*
	L3	1.18	–2.05	2.23	–5.09	8.24	–1.14	–0.88	–1.45	13.62*	–1.35*	–19.53	–22.94
	L4	–3.24	–6.33	9.57	1.73	0.71	–8.02	2.35	1.76	–16.15	–27.20	11.04*	6.34*

指标 Indicators	系号 Clone	1年生 1-year-old						3年生 3-year-old
		7月July		8月August		9月September		7月July		8月August		9月September
		MPH	HPH	MPH	HPH	MPH	HPH	MPH	HPH	MPH	HPH	MPH	HPH
AGPase活性 AGPase activity	H1	7.29**	5.94**	8.41**	5.99**	–0.14*	–4.30*	1.23	–4.96	–1.44	–2.19	7.05*	–0.37*
	H2	2.92**	1.63*	–5.34	–7.46	18.40**	13.47**	2.77	–3.52	9.33*	8.50*	0.42	–6.55
	H3	0.22*	–1.04*	9.32**	6.88**	12.07**	7.40**	1.60	–4.61	12.23**	11.39**	8.79**	1.25**
	L3	–21.17	–22.16	–25.99	–27.65	–20.60	–23.90	–1.51	–7.54	–6.52	–7.22	–4.06	–10.72
	L4	–10.82	–11.94	6.40**	4.02**	–11.58	–15.27	–11.67	–17.07	1.42	0.66	–5.59	–12.14
SPS活性 SPS activity	H1	–1.98	–9.88	1.24	–4.92	8.27*	–1.67*	4.93	1.53	13.15	8.80	9.69**	–2.44**
	H2	15.93*	6.59*	22.43**	14.99**	8.92*	–1.09*	3.98	0.61	0.19	–3.66	29.04**	14.77**
	H3	15.36*	6.07*	12.23*	5.41*	27.77**	16.03**	–0.49	–3.72	11.39	7.12	4.73*	–6.86*
	L3	–3.64	–11.40	–6.23	–11.93	12.77**	2.41**	–5.26	–8.33	1.84	–2.07	–16.31	–25.57
	L4	–6.85	–14.36	–3.96	–9.80	–12.05	–20.13	–3.54	–6.67	–1.17	–4.96	–3.66	–14.31

指标 Indicators	系号 Clone	1年生 1-year-old						3年生 3-year-old
		7月 July		8月August		9月September		7月 July		8月August		9月September
		MPH	HPH	MPH	HPH	MPH	HPH	MPH	HPH	MPH	HPH	MPH	HPH
BAM活性 BAM activity	H1	0.54	–0.69	1.74	0.03	–0.39	–0.89	3.82**	1.77**	5.11	2.45	3.30	0.18
	H2	1.18	–0.06	3.11	1.39	1.11	0.60	0.87	–1.12	2.91	0.31	5.20*	2.02*
	H3	1.60	0.36	0.70	–0.99	0.57	0.07	0.76	–1.23	1.74	–0.84	1.49	–1.57
	L3	–0.39	–1.60	–2.24	–3.88	–0.76	–1.25	–0.18	–2.15	0.78	–1.77	–4.30	–7.20
	L4	–1.50	–2.70	0.50	–1.19	0.45	–0.05	–4.16	–6.06	–1.65	–4.13	4.63*	1.47*
SS-I活性 SS-I activity	H1	–4.09	–16.30	0.11	–4.34	1.16	–5.50	–3.79	–5.89	1.10	–4.06	–2.32	–3.11
	H2	–7.88	–19.61	5.64	0.95	–9.34	–15.30	5.63	3.33	–4.41	–9.29	5.07	4.23
	H3	5.84	–7.64	1.78	–2.74	–0.05	–6.62	–7.20	–9.22	–0.74	–5.80	–4.39	–5.16
	L3	–1.17	–13.75	17.01*	11.81*	8.40*	1.27*	0.92	–1.28	6.30	0.87	6.02	5.17
	L4	20.72*	5.35*	12.91	7.89	4.51	–2.37	4.06	1.79	1.10	–4.06	–1.18	–1.97

林龄 Forest age/a	月份 Month	生长性状 Growth traits	生长回归方程 Growth regression equation	复相关系数 Multiple correlation coefficient
1	7	?H (y₁)	y₁ = –90.472–2.433x₁+1.875x₂+0.016x₃+0.058x₄+5.394x₅–0.031x₆	0.825**
	7	?GD (y₂)	y₂ = –8.641–0.405x₁+0.101x₂+0.002x₃+0.003x₄+0.560x₅–0.002x₆	0.879**
	8	?H (y₁)	y₁ = –127.231+2.666x₁–6.375x₂+0.021x₃+0.050x₄+6.854x₅–0.053x₆	0.890**
	8	?GD (y₂)	y₂ = –6.761–0.007x₁–0.349x₂+0.001x₃+0.004x₄+0.761x₅–0.017x₆	0.908**
	9	?H (y₁)	y₁ = –6.023+3.387x₁–1.588x₂+0.011x₃–0.001x₄+0.427x₅–0.027x₆	0.803*
	9	?GD (y₂)	y₂ = –11.805+0.405x₁+0.256x₂+0.001x₃–0.002x₄+0.473x₅+0.001x₆	0.816**
3	7	?H (y₁)	y₁ = –120.290–2.816x₁+6.465x₂+0.004x₃+0.027x₄+8.467x₅+0.034x₆	0.601
	7	?DBH (y₂)	y₂ = –211.948–3.728x₁+9.304x₂+0.004x₃+0.076x₄+10.373x₅+0.076x₆	0.736
	8	?H (y₁)	y₁ = –98.469+3.756x₁+2.667x₂+0.013x₃+0.128x₄+0.497x₅–0.021x₆	0.723
	8	?DBH (y₂)	y₂ = –110.832+1.054x₁+1.226x₂+0.001x₃+0.040x₄+6.553x₅–0.022x₆	0.610
	9	?H (y₁)	y₁ = –69.175+2.564x₁+2.731x₂+0.022x₃+0.036x₄+0.361x₅–0.042x₆	0.792*
	9	?DBH (y₂)	y₂ = –141.008+2.970x₁+3.064x₂+0.013x₃+0.027x₄+1.294x₅+0.056x₆	0.797*

Differences in Leaf Sugar Metabolism of Populus deltoides Parents and their Hybrids with Different Growth Potentials and Different Forest Ages

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