Abstract: The present paper describes five species of sawflies of the genus Diprion from China.Of which four are new to science and one is recorded for the first time in China.All the type-specimens are preserved in the insect collection of the Division of Forest Entomology,Forest Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Forestry. 1. Diprion Liuwanensis Huang et Xiao sp.nov. The new species is closely related to Diprion hutaoharernae Smith;but it differs from the latter in the following points:Apical portion behind pterostigma of fore wing of female infuscated;lancet longer,with 11 annuli; ventral lobes 2—6 rather deeply emarginated,7—11 truncated;scopal pad shorter,not in the shape of sausages. 2. Diprion wenshanicus Xiao et Zhou sp.nov. The new species is close to Diprion hutacharernae Smith;but it distinguished from the latter by lancet with 11 annuli;teeth on annuli smaller;ventral lobe 2 with its hind angle projecting as a mammilla;annuli 3—5 slightly emarginated,scopal pads storter.not sausage-shaped. 3. Diprion tianmunicus Zhou et Huang sp.nov. Body elongate,lancet narrower and longer,distance between annuli 1 and 2 particularly widened,annuli 3 and 4 divergent dorsally,ventral lobe 2 rather deeply emarginated,scopal pads long oval in shape.By the conbination of all above characters the new species may be separated from Diprion similis (Hartig) and from Diprion hutacharernae Smith. 4. Diprion nanhuaensis Xiao sp.nov. The new species is very similar to Diprion hutacharernae Smith,with the following principal exceptions:in the female,most clypeus,supraclypeal area,most mesoscutellum,and metascutellum black;lancet with ventral lobes 2—5 imarginated;scopal pads shorter,not in the shape of sausages;in the male,labrum yellowish brown; abdominal tergite 1 with only median portion punctured;penis valve with apex slightly flat and with ventral side emarginated not as deep as that of Diprion hutacharernae Smith.