森林计划烧除的PM2.5排放时空过程模拟及其对空气质量的影响

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20220807

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective: The forest of Pinus yunnanensis undergone prescribed burning in Yuxi City, Yunnan Province was investigated by survey of sample plots, load assessment, smoke emission calculation and the spatiotemporal diffusion process simulation, in order to understand the quantitative relationship between the simulated diffusion of PM_2.5 in downwind city and the ground measurements, and to reveal the impacts of the smoke by the prescribed burning on air quality, therefore providing a theoretical basis for appropriate prescribed burning and smoke management practice. Methods: Sample plots in size of 10 m × 10 m were set up in the forest stand of P. yunnanensis undergone prescribed burning in central Yunnan. Fuel loads were estimated by drying in the laboratory, and the PM_2.5 emission of smoke was calculated by BlueSky, the spatiotemporal pattern of diffusion was analyzed quantitatively with the aid of HYSPLIT forward trajectory model, and the reliability of the results was verified by comparing with the GF-4 satellite image, finally, the relationship between the simulated and the ground measurements of PM_2.5 in Kunming City in the downwind direction of the emission was conducted. Result: The diffusion pattern of the smoke of prescribed burning simulated by HYSPLIT is consistent with the smoke area by visual detection from GF-4 satellite imagery synchronously, the PM_2.5 emission is positively correlated with fuel load and prescribed burning area, the thicker the humus, the higher the combustible load, and the more the smoke emitted. The PM_2.5 concentration of the city located in the downwind showed a significant increase trend subsequently, and the pattern of ground measurements was consistent and positively correlated (R²=0.787 43) with the simulated values of diffusion, and the air quality was degraded from 'excellence' to 'good' or even 'slightly polluted'. Conclusion: The smoke emission of prescribed burning is correlated with the fuel load, the burning area, and the thickness of humus. The smoke generated by the prescribed burning has a significant impact on urban air quality in downwind direction of the diffusion channel with a time lag. The quantitative assessment and early warning of smoke pollution before prescribed burning can effectively alleviate the damage by the smoke of prescribed burning.

Key words: prescribed burning, PM_2.5, HYSPLIT, air quality

CLC Number:

Guojun Cao,Jiaxin Li,Fengjun Zhao,Lifu Shu,Jiangxia Ye. Simulation of the Spatiotemporal Process of PM_2.5 Emission from Prescribed Burning of Forest and Its Impacts on Air Quality[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2022, 58(8): 63-75.

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可燃物类型 Fuel types	可燃物大小 Fuel size
1 h	直径 < 0.64cm的小枝、树叶以及枯死的杂草Branchlets < 0.64 cm in diameter, leaves，and dead weeds
10 h	直径0.64~2.54cm小枝Branchlets 0.64-2.54cm in diameter
100 h	直径在2.54~7.62cm的枯枝Twigs 2.54-7.62cm in diameter
＞100 h	直径＞7.62cm的枯枝Twigs＞7.62cm in diameter

项目Item	样点1 Plot 1	样点2 Plot 2	样点3 Plot 3	均值 Mean value	平均值占比 Average percentage
1 h	4.43	6.53	3.84	4.93	10%
10 h	2.09	6.2	1.58	3.29	6.6%
100 h	0.01	0.11	0.001	0.04	忽略不计Ignore
＞100 h	0.002	0.002	0.002	0.002	忽略不计Ignore
腐殖质Duff	56.89	45.06	22.52	41.49	83.4%
总载量Total load	63.422	57.902	27.943	49.756
腐殖质载量占比 Proportion of duff load	89.7%	77.82%	80.59%	82.7%

计划烧除时间 Prescribed burning time	计划烧除地点 Prescribed burning location	计划烧除面积 Prescribed burning area/hm²	PM_2.5排放量 PM_2.5 emissions/t
02-11	新平县Xinping County	12 108	78 080.42
	新平县Xinping County	1 188	7 663.27
02-12	峨山县Eshan County	8 637	55 222.77
	新平县Xinping County	6 592	42 510.27
02-13	峨山县Eshan County	10 608	67 824.85
	新平县Xinping County	410	2 643.99
02-14	峨山县Eshan County	1 971	12 602.08

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Simulation of the Spatiotemporal Process of PM_2.5 Emission from Prescribed Burning of Forest and Its Impacts on Air Quality

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Simulation of the Spatiotemporal Process of PM_2.5 Emission from Prescribed Burning of Forest and Its Impacts on Air Quality