Scientia Silvae Sinicae ›› 2021, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (8): 121-132.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20210812
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Jing Cheng,Haixiang Wang*,Wanyi Xue,Caiping Deng
Received:
2020-11-30
Online:
2021-08-25
Published:
2021-09-30
Contact:
Haixiang Wang
CLC Number:
Jing Cheng,Haixiang Wang,Wanyi Xue,Caiping Deng. Adaptation of Flower-Visiting Insects to Biological Characteristics of Jujube Flowers in Heterogeneous Habitats[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2021, 57(8): 121-132.
Table 1
Climatic data of two investigative plots in June"
样地 Plot | 经度 Longitude(E)/(°) | 纬度 Latitude(N)/(°) | 降水量 Precipitation/mm | 平均温度 Average temperature/℃ | 最高温度 Maximum temperature/℃ | 最低温度 Minimum temperature/℃ | 水蒸气压 Water vapor pressure/kPa | 风速 Wind speed/(m·s-1) |
1 | 112.77 | 37.45 | 50 | 21.3 | 28.3 | 14.3 | 1.32 | 2.40 |
2 | 112.75 | 37.43 | 50 | 21.1 | 28.1 | 14.2 | 1.31 | 2.40 |
Table 2
Comparison of characteristics of jujube trees in two habitats"
样地类型 Plot type | 枣吊长度 Length of jujube hanging/cm | 节数 Pitch number | 单花序中花朵数量 Number of flowers in a single inflorescence | 枣花直径 Diameter of jujube flower/mm | 蜜盘直径 Diameter of honeypot/mm |
1号样地Plot 1 | 22.21±6.88 | 9~16 | 3/5/7/9 | 7.65±0.56 | 3.55±0.31 |
2号样地Plot 2 | 13.00±1.73 | 8~14 | 3/5/7 | 6.39±0.51 | 3.18±0.28 |
Table 4
Community composition and proportion of flower-visiting insects in two habitats"
昆虫类群 Insect group | 物种Species | 个体Individuals | |||||||||
1号样地 Plot 1 | 2号样地 Plot 2 | 1号样地 Plot 1 | 2号样地 Plot 2 | ||||||||
数量 Quantity | 百分比 Percentage(%) | 数量 Quantity | 百分比 Percentage(%) | 数量 Quantity | 百分比 Percentage(%) | 数量 Quantity | 百分比 Percentage(%) | ||||
膜翅目Hymenoptera | 17 | 39.53 | 32 | 37.65 | 88 | 12.52 | 490 | 20.53 | |||
蜜蜂总科Apoidea | 5 | 11.63 | 4 | 4.71 | 45 | 6.40 | 91 | 3.81 | |||
蚁科Formicidae | 2 | 4.65 | 3 | 3.53 | 8 | 1.14 | 20 | 0.84 | |||
缘腹细蜂科Scelionidae | 1 | 2.33 | 3 | 3.53 | 17 | 2.42 | 243 | 10.18 | |||
跳小蜂科Encyrtidae | 1 | 2.33 | 2 | 2.35 | 8 | 1.14 | 24 | 1.01 | |||
蚜小蜂科Aphelinidae | 1 | 2.33 | 1 | 1.18 | 3 | 0.43 | 1 | 0.04 | |||
姬小蜂科Eulophidae | 1 | 2.33 | 2 | 2.35 | 1 | 0.14 | 8 | 0.34 | |||
方头泥蜂科Crabronidae | 1 | 2.33 | 1 | 1.18 | 1 | 0.14 | 1 | 0.04 | |||
茧蜂科Braconidae | 1 | 2.33 | 1 | 1.18 | 1 | 0.14 | 9 | 0.38 | |||
分盾细蜂科Ceraphronidae | 1 | 2.33 | 1 | 1.18 | 1 | 0.14 | 4 | 0.17 | |||
锤角细蜂科Diapriidae | 1 | 2.33 | 1 | 1.18 | 1 | 0.14 | 4 | 0.17 | |||
金小蜂科Pteromalidae | 1 | 2.33 | 1 | 1.18 | 1 | 0.14 | 8 | 0.34 | |||
广肩小蜂科Eurytomidae | 1 | 2.33 | 2 | 2.35 | 1 | 0.14 | 3 | 0.13 | |||
小蜂科Chalcididae | 3 | 3.53 | 3 | 0.13 | |||||||
赤眼蜂科Trichogrammatidae | 2 | 2.35 | 18 | 0.75 | |||||||
缨小蜂科Mymaridae | 1 | 1.18 | 15 | 0.63 | |||||||
广腹细蜂科Platygasteridae | 1 | 1.18 | 21 | 0.88 | |||||||
叶蜂科Tenthredinidae | 1 | 1.18 | 1 | 0.04 | |||||||
环腹瘿蜂科Figitidae | 1 | 1.18 | 15 | 0.63 | |||||||
泥蜂科Sphecidae | 1 | 1.18 | 1 | 0.04 | |||||||
双翅目Diptera | 11 | 25.58 | 14 | 16.47 | 130 | 18.49 | 997 | 41.77 | |||
食蚜蝇科Syrphidae | 4 | 9.30 | 2 | 2.35 | 86 | 12.23 | 23 | 0.96 | |||
蝇科Muscidae | 2 | 4.65 | 3 | 3.53 | 7 | 1.00 | 311 | 13.03 | |||
叶蝇科Milichiidae | 1 | 2.33 | 1 | 1.18 | 12 | 1.71 | 471 | 19.73 | |||
眼蕈蚊科Sciaridae | 1 | 2.33 | 1 | 1.18 | 8 | 1.14 | 7 | 0.29 | |||
摇蚊科Chironomidae | 1 | 2.33 | 1 | 1.18 | 1 | 0.14 | 1 | 0.04 | |||
果蝇科Drosophilidae | 1 | 2.33 | 1 | 1.18 | 1 | 0.14 | 38 | 1.59 | |||
秆蝇科Chloropidae | 1 | 2.33 | 1 | 1.18 | 15 | 2.13 | 135 | 5.66 | |||
虻科Tabanidae | 1 | 1.18 | 3 | 0.13 | |||||||
蜂虻科Bombyliidae | 1 | 1.18 | 2 | 0.08 | |||||||
食虫虻科Asilidae | 1 | 1.18 | 4 | 0.17 | |||||||
寄蝇科Tachinidae | 1 | 1.18 | 2 | 0.08 | |||||||
半翅目Hemiptera | 6 | 13.95 | 12 | 14.12 | 182 | 25.89 | 168 | 7.04 | |||
蚜科Aphididae | 3 | 6.98 | 4 | 4.71 | 87 | 12.38 | 122 | 5.11 | |||
粉虱科Aleyrodidae | 1 | 2.33 | 1 | 1.18 | 70 | 9.96 | 12 | 0.50 | |||
长蝽科Lygaeidae | 1 | 2.33 | 1 | 1.18 | 12 | 1.71 | 1 | 0.04 | |||
木虱科Psyllidae | 1 | 2.33 | 1 | 1.18 | 13 | 1.85 | 10 | 0.42 | |||
叶蝉科Cicadellidae | 1 | 1.18 | 10 | 0.42 | |||||||
缘蝽科Coreidae | 1 | 1.18 | 1 | 0.04 | |||||||
蝽科Pentatomidae | 1 | 1.18 | 2 | 0.08 | |||||||
盲蝽科Miridae | 1 | 1.18 | 1 | 0.04 | |||||||
蝉科Cicadidae | 1 | 1.18 | 9 | 0.38 | |||||||
缨翅目Thysanoptera | 3 | 6.98 | 4 | 4.71 | 285 | 40.54 | 479 | 20.07 | |||
蓟马科Thripidae | 2 | 4.65 | 3 | 3.53 | 278 | 39.54 | 456 | 19.10 | |||
纹蓟马科Aeolothripidae | 1 | 2.33 | 1 | 1.18 | 7 | 1.00 | 23 | 0.96 | |||
鞘翅目Coleoptera | 3 | 6.98 | 15 | 17.65 | 8 | 1.14 | 198 | 8.29 | |||
瓢虫科Coccinellidae | 1 | 2.33 | 3 | 3.53 | 3 | 0.43 | 18 | 0.75 | |||
步甲科Carabidae | 1 | 2.33 | 1 | 1.18 | 3 | 0.43 | 1 | 0.04 | |||
隐翅虫科Staphylinidae | 1 | 2.33 | 1 | 1.18 | 2 | 0.28 | 8 | 0.34 | |||
象甲科Curculionidae | 6 | 7.06 | 15 | 0.63 | |||||||
芫菁科Meloidae | 1 | 1.18 | 149 | 6.24 | |||||||
露尾甲科Nitidulidae | 1 | 1.18 | 4 | 0.17 | |||||||
小蠹科Scolytidae | 1 | 1.18 | 2 | 0.08 | |||||||
拟步甲科Tenebrionidae | 1 | 1.18 | 1 | 0.04 | |||||||
鳞翅目Lepidoptera | 1 | 2.33 | 7 | 8.24 | 1 | 0.14 | 45 | 1.89 | |||
鹿蛾科Ctenuchidae | 1 | 2.33 | 1 | 1.18 | 1 | 0.14 | 7 | 0.29 | |||
粉蝶科Pieridae | 2 | 2.35 | 10 | 0.42 | |||||||
凤蝶科Papilionidae | 1 | 1.18 | 10 | 0.42 | |||||||
蛱蝶科Nymphalidae | 1 | 1.18 | 6 | 0.25 | |||||||
天蛾科Sphingidae | 1 | 1.18 | 6 | 0.25 | |||||||
眼蝶科Satyridae | 1 | 1.18 | 6 | 0.25 | |||||||
脉翅目Neuroptera | 1 | 2.33 | 1 | 1.18 | 3 | 0.43 | 10 | 0.42 | |||
草蛉科Chrysopidae | 1 | 2.33 | 1 | 1.18 | 3 | 0.43 | 10 | 0.42 | |||
啮虫目Psocoptera | 1 | 2.33 | 6 | 0.85 | |||||||
啮虫科Psocidae | 1 | 2.33 | 6 | 0.85 | |||||||
总计Total | 43 | 100.00 | 85 | 100.00 | 703 | 100.00 | 2 387 | 100.00 |
Table 5
Difference analysis of species and individuals of daily flower-visiting insects in order in two habitats"
昆虫类群 Insect Group | 物种数Species | 个体数Individuals | |||||||
1号样地 Plot 1 | 2号样地 Plot 2 | T | P | 1号样地 Plot 1 | 2号样地 Plot 2 | T | P | ||
膜翅目Hymenoptera | 11.0±2.0 a | 22.7±0.6 a | -9.707 | 0.001 | 29.7±2.1 d | 165.0±32.9 b | -7.109 | 0.019 | |
双翅目Diptera | 8.7±1.5 b | 12.3±0.6 b | -3.889 | 0.018 | 43.3±6.4 c | 329.3±156.7 a | -3.158 | 0.087 | |
鞘翅目Coleoptera | 2.0±1.0 de | 10.3±0.6 b | -12.500 | 0.000 | 2.7±2.1 e | 65.7±32.1 bc | -3.394 | 0.027 | |
半翅目Hemiptera | 5.7±0.6 c | 6.7±2.1 c | -8.802 | 0.468 | 60.7±15.9 b | 55.3±4.9 bc | 0.553 | 0.609 | |
鳞翅目Lepidoptera | 0.0±0.0 f | 4.3±3.1 cd | -2.457 | 0.070 | 0.0±0.0 e | 15.0±14.5 c | -1.789 | 0.148 | |
缨翅目Thysanoptera | 2.7±0.6 d | 3.7±0.6 d | -2.121 | 0.101 | 95.0±8.5 a | 159.7±33.7 bc | -3.220 | 0.032 | |
脉翅目Neuroptera | 0.7±0.6 ef | 1.0±0.0 e | -1.000 | 0.423 | 1.0±1.0 e | 3.3±1.2 c | -2.646 | 0.057 | |
啮虫目Psocoptera | 1.0±0.0 def | 0.0±0.0 e | 2.0±0.0 e | 0.0±0.0 c |
Table 6
Difference analysis of species and individual of daily dominant flower-visiting insects in family in two habitats"
昆虫类群 Insect group | 物种数Species | 个体数Individuals | |||||||
1号样地 Plot 1 | 2号样地 Plot 2 | T | P | 1号样地 Plot 1 | 2号样地 Plot 2 | T | P | ||
蜜蜂总科Apoidae | 4.3±0.6 a | 3.3±0.6 a | 2.121 | 0.101 | 15.3±2.1 c | 30.3±1.5 cd | -10.062 | 0.001 | |
缘腹细蜂科Scelionidae | 1.0±0.0 e | 3.0±0.0 a | 5.7±0.6 d | 79.7±28.5 bc | -4.491 | 0.046 | |||
跳小蜂科Encyrtidae | 1.0±0.0 e | 1.3±1.2 bc | -0.500 | 0.667 | 3.3±0.6 d | 8.0±7.2 d | -1.117 | 0.326 | |
缨小蜂科Mymaridae | 0.0±0.0 f | 1.0±0.0 bc | 0.0±0.0 d | 5.0±3.5 d | |||||
食蚜蝇科Syrphidae | 3.3±0.6 b | 1.7±0.6 b | 3.536 | 0.024 | 28.7±3.2 b | 7.7±1.5 d | 10.220 | 0.001 | |
叶蝇科Milichiidae | 1.0±0.0 e | 1.0±0.0 bc | 4.0±1.0 d | 155.7±100.2 a | -2.622 | 0.120 | |||
秆蝇科Chloropidae | 1.0±0.0 e | 1.0±0.0 bc | 5.0±0.0 d | 45.0±20.7 bcd | -3.451 | 0.026 | |||
蝇科Muscidae | 1.3±0.6 e | 3.0±0.0 a | -5.000 | 0.038 | 2.3±2.3 d | 103.7±39.1 ab | -4.485 | 0.011 | |
果蝇科Drosophilidae | 0.3±0.6 f | 1.0±0.0 bc | -2.000 | 0.184 | 0.3±0.6 d | 12.7±11.1 d | -1.929 | 0.126 | |
芫菁科Meloidae | 0.0±0.0 f | 1.0±0.0 bc | 0.0±0.0 d | 49.7±33.5 bcd | |||||
粉虱科Aleyrodidae | 1.0±0.0 e | 0.7±0.6 c | 1.000 | 0.423 | 23.3±11.1 b | 4.0±4.6 d | 2.797 | 0.049 | |
蓟马科Thripidae | 2.0±0.0 d | 3.0±0.0 a | 92.7±8.6 a | 152.0±29.7 a | -3.321 | 0.029 | |||
纹蓟马科Aeolothripidae | 1.0±0.0 e | 1.0±0.0 bc | 2.3±0.6 d | 7.7±4.0 d | -2.263 | 0.147 | |||
蚜科Aphididae | 2.7±0.6 c | 3.0±1.0 a | -5.000 | 0.643 | 29.0±4.6 b | 39.7±6.5 cd | -2.322 | 0.081 |
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